Estudo de espécies de Chrysobalanaceae com ação citotóxica: análise metabolômica visando ao entendimento de associações sinérgicas e da complexidade micromolecular

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Esteroide e Triterpenos de espécies de Qualea: Bioatividade sobre Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Esteroide e Triterpenos de espécies de Qualea: bioatividade sobre Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The chloroform extract of bark of the tropical tree Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) was fractionated by column chromatography on silica gel, yielding triterpenes (lupeol, lupenone, betulin, epi-betulinic acid and friedelin) and a steroid (β-sitosterol). β-sitosterol, lupenone and lupeol were also identified in Q. grandiflora and Q. multiflora, while friedelin was detected only in Q. Multiflora, by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of the chloroform extract and isolated compounds was assayed by MABA and MIC values ranged from 250.0 to 31.2 µg/mL. This study is the first to investigate the chemistry and antitubercular activity of apolar compounds from Qualea species.

Composição química e atividade biológica de espécies de nectandra e stevia rebaudiana

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Interferência das plantas daninhas na nutrição e produtividade da cultura da berinjela cultivar 'Nápoli' com e sem tutoramento e desbrota

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Florística e fitossociologia de Cerrado Sentido Restrito em regeneração natural no município de Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Changes in polyamine, total protein and total carbohydrate content and peroxidase activity during the lifetime of chrysanthemum faroe

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in polyamine (PA) content, peroxidase (POX) activity and levels of total protein and total soluble carbohydrates throughout the lifetime of leaves and inflorescences of chrysantemum 'Faroe' treated with gibberellic acidd (GA3) (used in production practices) and kept at room temperature and cold storage. The treatments were composed of four doses of GA3 (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L-1) applied at the beggining of flower bud formation (28 days after transplanting of seedlings). After harvesting, the stems (95% of the expanded ligule) were stored at 10ºC and 95% relative humidity for 48 hrs, or kept at room temperature. For biochemical analysis samples of leaves and inflorescences were collected at the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day after harvest. The application of GA3 in the field and cold storage increased the content of PAs. There was an increase in POX activity in leaves and inflorescences during postharvest and this increase was related to oxidation of the PAs studied. The amount of proteins and carbohydrates in chrysantemum 'Faroe' decreased during the storage at 25ºC and under cold conditions.

Ilhas de facilitação no Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira, SP

Novas pesquisas apontam que as interações positivas e o processo de facilitação sobre a comunidade tem fornecido importantes conhecimentos sobre a ecologia de diversas espécies no mundo. Existe uma carência de informações sobre quais as espécies interferem nos mecanismos facilitadores que conduzem a regeneração natural da vegetação e a atual necessidade de identificar estratégias de conservação, manejo sustentável e recuperação ambiental em ambientes tropicais. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar quais são as espécies arbóreas que facilitam o aumento da riqueza e abundância de outras espécies arbóreas/arbustivas regenerantes sob suas copas numa antiga área de pastagem no Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira - SP. Foram selecionadas 42 árvores isoladas que foram chamadas de matrizes. Destas matrizes foram feitas 42 parcelas cirulares na qual cada matriz teve duas subparcelas: a Área da Influência (Ai) e a Área do Entorno (Ae), totalizando 84 unidades amostrais. Para cada matriz, nestas unidades amostrais foram incluídos todos os indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos com altura superior a 1,3 metros de altura. Foram analisadas a florística, fitossociologia e distribuição da abundância das espécies regenerantes. Já para as espécies das matrizes foram analisadas seis diferentes atributos, divididos em dendrométicos e funcionais para entender como elas influênciam a riqueza e abundância das espécies regenerantes. Em Ai e Ae foram indentificados 883 indivíduos distríbuidos em 28 famílias, 49 gêneros, totalizando 64 espécies em uma área total de 3.028 m³. Em Ai foram intentificados 775 inividuos em uma área total de 1.346 m³, com a mesma composição florística citada acima. As espécies Dimorphandra mollis, Qualea grandiflora, Byrsonima intermedia e Aegiphila lhotzkiana são indicadas aqui neste trabalho como as melhores facilitadoras, por serem decíduas e, por possuírem copas amplas...

Documentação química de espécies do gênero Casearia (Salicaceae) de importância ecológica, econômica e medicinal

The Casearia genus (Salicaceae) is well known because of the medicinal use of its species. Among them, a noteworthy one is the C. sylvestris specie because it already has studies concerning its antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic activity in tumor cells. Furthermore, this specie is popularly used against snake bites, in gastric ulcers treatment and as anti-inflammatory. As well as this, there are other species from this same genus which have been poorly studied, such as the following species: C. decandra, C. grandiflora, C. javitensis, C. arborea, C. lasiophylla and C. ulmifolia. However, several biological activities have been reported for them. In this context, the aim of this project, besides of contributing to the Casearia genus studies, is to study those six species through the analysis and documentation of their leaves' chemical composition (aqueous, ethanolic and hexanic extracts), using analytical separation techniques coupled with spectroscopic techniques, such as UHPLC-DAD, GC-MS and NMR 1H, which will assist the identification of new secondary metabolites in this genus. Moreover, another goal of this present work is aiming the bioprospection of substances with medicinal and economical potential and finally promote the systematic study of some biological activities, such as antimicrobial and cytotoxicity bioassays. A wide variety of metabolites was identified in those three types of extracts, being most of them detected for the first time in Casearia genus, highlighting C. lasiophylla and C. decandra for featuring antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Ilhas de facilitação no Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira, SP

Novas pesquisas apontam que as interações positivas e o processo de facilitação sobre a comunidade tem fornecido importantes conhecimentos sobre a ecologia de diversas espécies no mundo. Existe uma carência de informações sobre quais as espécies interferem nos mecanismos facilitadores que conduzem a regeneração natural da vegetação e a atual necessidade de identificar estratégias de conservação, manejo sustentável e recuperação ambiental em ambientes tropicais. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar quais são as espécies arbóreas que facilitam o aumento da riqueza e abundância de outras espécies arbóreas/arbustivas regenerantes sob suas copas numa antiga área de pastagem no Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira - SP. Foram selecionadas 42 árvores isoladas que foram chamadas de matrizes. Destas matrizes foram feitas 42 parcelas cirulares na qual cada matriz teve duas subparcelas: a Área da Influência (Ai) e a Área do Entorno (Ae), totalizando 84 unidades amostrais. Para cada matriz, nestas unidades amostrais foram incluídos todos os indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos com altura superior a 1,3 metros de altura. Foram analisadas a florística, fitossociologia e distribuição da abundância das espécies regenerantes. Já para as espécies das matrizes foram analisadas seis diferentes atributos, divididos em dendrométicos e funcionais para entender como elas influênciam a riqueza e abundância das espécies regenerantes. Em Ai e Ae foram indentificados 883 indivíduos distríbuidos em 28 famílias, 49 gêneros, totalizando 64 espécies em uma área total de 3.028 m³. Em Ai foram intentificados 775 inividuos em uma área total de 1.346 m³, com a mesma composição florística citada acima. As espécies Dimorphandra mollis, Qualea grandiflora, Byrsonima intermedia e Aegiphila lhotzkiana são indicadas aqui neste trabalho como as melhores facilitadoras, por serem decíduas e, por possuírem copas amplas...

Documentação química de espécies do gênero Casearia (Salicaceae) de importância ecológica, econômica e medicinal

The Casearia genus (Salicaceae) is well known because of the medicinal use of its species. Among them, a noteworthy one is the C. sylvestris specie because it already has studies concerning its antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic activity in tumor cells. Furthermore, this specie is popularly used against snake bites, in gastric ulcers treatment and as anti-inflammatory. As well as this, there are other species from this same genus which have been poorly studied, such as the following species: C. decandra, C. grandiflora, C. javitensis, C. arborea, C. lasiophylla and C. ulmifolia. However, several biological activities have been reported for them. In this context, the aim of this project, besides of contributing to the Casearia genus studies, is to study those six species through the analysis and documentation of their leaves' chemical composition (aqueous, ethanolic and hexanic extracts), using analytical separation techniques coupled with spectroscopic techniques, such as UHPLC-DAD, GC-MS and NMR 1H, which will assist the identification of new secondary metabolites in this genus. Moreover, another goal of this present work is aiming the bioprospection of substances with medicinal and economical potential and finally promote the systematic study of some biological activities, such as antimicrobial and cytotoxicity bioassays. A wide variety of metabolites was identified in those three types of extracts, being most of them detected for the first time in Casearia genus, highlighting C. lasiophylla and C. decandra for featuring antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Genetic diversity of Metrodorea nigra (Rutaceae) from a small forest remnant in Brazil assessed with microsatellite markers

Metrodorea nigra (Rutaceae) is an endemic Brazilian tree of great ecological importance, frequently found in the submontane regions of ombrophilous dense and semideciduous forests. This tree is useful for reforesting degraded areas and the wood can be employed in construction. We developed 12 microsatellite markers from a genomic library enriched for GA/CA repeats, for this species. Polymorphisms were assessed in 40 trees of a highly fragmented population found in Cravinhos, State of Sao Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Among the 12 loci, 8 were polymorphic and only one had fixed alleles in this population. The number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity ranged from 2 to 11 and from 0.190 to 0.889, respectively. These results revealed moderate levels of genetic variation in M. nigra population when compared to other tropical species. Additionally, transferability of the 12 primers was tested in seven other Brazilian Rutaceae tree species (endemics: M. stipularis, Galipea jasminiflora, Esenbeckia leiocarpa and non-endemics: E. febrifuga, E. grandiflora, Balfourodendron riedelianum, Zanthoxylum riedelianum). Transferability ranged among species, but at least 8 loci (similar to 67%) amplified in M. stipularis, demonstrating a high potential for transferring microsatellite markers between species of the same genus in the Rutaceae family.

Moderate concentrations of 4-O-methylhonokiol potentiate GABAA receptor currents stronger than honokiol

BACKGROUND Magnolia bark preparations from Magnolia officinalis of Asian medicinal systems are known for their muscle relaxant effect and anticonvulsant activity. These CNS related effects are ascribed to the presence of the biphenyl-type neolignans honokiol and magnolol that exert a potentiating effect on GABAA receptors. 4-O-methylhonokiol isolated from seeds of the North-American M. grandiflora was compared to honokiol for its activity to potentiate GABAA receptors and its GABAA receptor subtype-specificity was established. METHODS Different recombinant GABAA receptors were functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes and electrophysiological techniques were used determine to their modulation by 4-O-methylhonokiol. RESULTS 3μM 4-O-methylhonokiol is shown here to potentiate responses of the α₁β₂γ₂ GABAA receptor about 20-fold stronger than the same concentration of honokiol. In the present study potentiation by 4-O-methylhonokiol is also detailed for 12 GABAA receptor subtypes to assess GABAA receptor subunits that are responsible for the potentiating effect. CONCLUSION The much higher potentiation of GABAA receptors at identical concentrations of 4-O-methylhonokiol as compared to honokiol parallels previous observations made in other systems of potentiated pharmacological activity of 4-O-methylhonokiol over honokiol. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results point to the use of 4-O-methylhonokiol as a lead for GABAA receptor potentiation and corroborate the use of M. grandiflora seeds against convulsions in Mexican folk medicine.