HCC-2, a human chemokine: Gene structure, expression pattern, and biological activity

Cloning and sequencing of the upstream region of the gene of the CC chemokine HCC-1 led to the discovery of an adjacent gene coding for a CC chemokine that was named “HCC-2.” The two genes are separated by 12-kbp and reside in a head-to-tail orientation on chromosome 17. At variance with the genes for HCC-1 and other human CC chemokines, which have a three-exon-two-intron structure, the HCC-2 gene consists of four exons and three introns. Expression of HCC-2 and HCC-1 as studied by Northern analysis revealed, in addition to the regular, monocistronic mRNAs, a common, bicistronic transcript. In contrast to HCC-1, which is expressed constitutively in numerous human tissues, HCC-2 is expressed only in the gut and the liver. HCC-2 shares significant sequence homology with CKβ8 and the murine chemokines C10, CCF18/MRP-2, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1γ, which all contain six instead of four conserved cysteines. The two additional cysteines of HCC-2 form a third disulfide bond, which anchors the COOH-terminal domain to the core of the molecule. Highly purified recombinant HCC-2 was tested on neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes and was found to exhibit marked functional similarities to macrophage inflammatory protein 1α. It is a potent chemoattractant and inducer of enzyme release in monocytes and a moderately active attractant for eosinophils. Desensitization studies indicate that HCC-2 acts mainly via CC chemokine receptor CCR1.

Role of MEKK2-MEK5 in the regulation of TNF-α gene expression and MEKK2-MKK7 in the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in mast cells

Cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI) on mast cells with IgE and multivalent antigen triggers mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation and cytokine gene expression. We report here that MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) gene disruption does not affect either MAP kinase activation or cytokine gene expression in response to cross-linking of FcɛRI in embryonic stem cell-derived mast cells. MKK7 is activated in response to cross-linking of FcɛRI, and this activation is inhibited by MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) kinase 2 (MEKK2) gene disruption. In addition, expression of kinase-inactive MKK7 in the murine mast cell line MC/9 inhibits c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in response to cross-linking of FcɛRI, whereas expression of kinase-inactive MKK4 does not affect JNK activation by this stimulus. However, FcɛRI-induced activation of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene promoter is not affected by expression of kinase-inactive MKK7. We describe an alternative pathway by which MEKK2 activates MEK5 and big MAP kinase1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 in addition to MKK7 and JNK, and interruption of this pathway inhibits TNF-α promoter activation. These findings suggest that JNK activation by antigen cross-linking is dependent on the MEKK2-MKK7 pathway, and cytokine production in mast cells is regulated in part by the signaling complex MEKK2-MEK5-ERK5.

Memorie istoriche intorno alla vita della beata Elisabetta Picenardi nobile vergine cremonese e terziaria dell'insigne Ordine de' servi di Maria /

Cavagna 10582: Bound with thirteen other Italian and Latin works, most from the 19th century; binder's title: "Opuscoli"; former shelf-mark Cavagna 10585.

The prophets and our times /

"Appendix I: Some significant statements of Pius XII"--P. [2-9] (second ser.)

Codices Vaticani Latini.

Index included in most volumes, but indexes for some volumes issued separately.

Codex iuris canonici /

"Documenta": p. [1117]-1224.

Viaje a Chile del canónigo Don Juan Maria Mastai-Ferreti oi sumo pontifice Pio, papa IX;

Mode of access: Internet.

Die lateinische Vulgär-Sprache.

Programm--Gymnasium, Oels.

Pabst Gregorius VII und sein Zeitalter.

Added as separate volume Names and subjects Index by H. Ossenbeck: "Vollständiges Namen-und Sach-Register zu Gfrörer's Papst Gregorius VII und sein Zeitalter."

La politique de Pie X, (1906-1910): Modernistes. Affairs de France. Catholiques d'Allemagne et d'Italie. Réformes romaines. La "Correspondance de Rome" et la France, etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire des deux concordats de la Republique Francaise et de la Republique Cisalpine.

Mode of access: Internet.

The student's church history /

Contents: v. 1. Early Period, from the Ascencion of Our Lord to the Conversion of Constantine -- v. 2. Early Middle Period, from the Edict of Milan to the establishments of the new Western Empire under the Carlovingians, the temporal power of the Popes, and the coming into being of the States of the Church (1931) -- v. 3. To the s-called Reformation -- v. 4. Reformation to the triumph of the Papcy in the restoration of the temporal power in 1929 under Pope Pius XI.

Archiv für schweizerische reformations-geschichte.

"Durch die direction: graf Theodor Scherer-Boccard ... Friedrich Fiala ... [und] Peter Bannwart."

Pia commentaria in Primam partem diui Thomae, a quaestione prima usque ad vigesimam sextam : cum quaestione vnica in prologum de dignitate & excellentia doctrinae diui Thomae, & Apologia difficilium locorum, ex eius Theologia & Philosophia /

Index quaestionum, et articulorum, diui Thomae, et dubitationum quae ab authore euoluuntur, en el pliego [2][calderón]