Estratégia reprodutiva do peixe hermafrodita mussum, Synbranchus marmoratus Osteichthyes, Synbranchidae em um açude do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Reproductive strategy of the hermaphrodite fish the marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch, 1795) (Osteichthyes: Synbranchidae) was investigated in the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte, using fish samples captured monthly during the period of July 2010 to July 2011. The limnological parameters and rainfall were verified. The captured fish specimens were numbered, weighed, measured, dissected and their gonads and liver were removed, weighed and identified as to sex and developmental stages of gonads. The length-weight relationship was determined for grouped sex. The size of first gonadal maturation, gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (K) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were calculated. The development stages of the gonads were investigated using macroscopic and histological techniques, besides the fecundity and reproductive period. The macroscopic characteristics and the histological development of gonads confirmed the four different sexual types in the sampled population: primary males, females, intersex and secondary males. The secondary males were bigger and heavier than all the other types. This species showed a negative allometric growth with a higher increase in length than weight. The size at which 50% of the females began the process of gonadal maturation was 43.5 cm of total length, and for secondary males it was 58.5 cm. Condition factor showed two peaks in February and in April 2011. IGS indicated a reproductive period from July to September 2010 and was negatively correlated with the condition factor and rainfall. IGS showed a negative correlation when compared with the condition factor and the rainy season. HSI was highest in February ad lowest in December. The reproductive period of this species occurs between the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. S. marmoratus presents a seasonal reproductive strategy which optimizes its reproductive success under the semiarid climatic conditions

Seleção de categorias da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde para avaliação do paciente com acidente vascular cerebral em reabilitação

Stroke represents the first cause of disabilities among adults. Although different professions work together in treatment of stroke patients, all they use different terminologies for the description of the patients problems and it can constitute an impediment in the communication between the staff members. Thus, the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work would be facilitated if using a reference common tool, as the new International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). However, the ICF is very extensive and complex and due to its complexity, it has been evidenced the necessity to select its categories to become it more practical. The aim of the study was to investigate which categories of the ICF are more suitable to evaluate and to describe the stroke patient in the view of teachers and municipal public health professionals. It was a descriptive research, which involved 5 professors and 11 professionals of Physiotherapy that have worked at the health public area in Natal / RN. It was used the Delphi Technique in 3 rounds and the Likert Scale to select the categories among the ICF components. As result, from the 362 IFC categories, 94 were selected. The selected categories correspond to rehabilitative characteristics of Stroke patients in the universe of the Physiotherapy performance. The methodology applied was suitable to the studied object emphasizing the necessity of future studies for validation of the chosen categories

Aspectos biológicos do peixe-olhudo-dentinho, Synagrops bellus (Actinopterygii: Acropomatidae), da plataforma externa e talude superior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Biological aspects of the blackmouth bass Synagrops bellus from the outer shelf and upper slope along the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, are presented. The species represented about 71.6% and 9.7% in number of the total catch performed by balloom trawl in the isobaths of 300m and 500m respectively. Body sizes of 266 individuals ranged between 130 and 265mm total length, with sex ratio of 55.9% males, and 44.1% females, where most individuals were in maturation stage. Twenty two food items were found, pointing out Myctophidae fishes, Penaeidea and Caridea shrimps, Brachyuran megalopae, Enoploteuthidae and Cranchiidae cephalopods, pteropods and tunicates. The intestinal coefficient increases as the body size increase, and the number of gill rakers ranged between 16 and 17. Length-weight relationship was WT = 6.0 x 10-6 x TL3.12, r2 = 0.9495. Synagrops bellus is an important link between zooplankton and micronekton, and demersal and pelagic predators in the outer shelf and upper slope in southwestern Brazilian coast.

Nenneguya garavelli n. sp and Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp (Myxozoa : Myxobolidae) in the gills of Cyphocharax nagelli (Osteichthyes : Curimatidae) from Rio do Peixe Reservoir, Sao Jose do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil

The present work describes myxozoans found in Cyphocharax nagelli (Characiformes: Curimatinae) commonly called saguiru collected from Rio do Peixe Reservoir, Sao Jose do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil. From a total of 38 examined fish, 24 were infected with Henneguya garavelli n. sp. (63% prevalence) and two with Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp. (5% prevalence) in the gills. Spores were studied by staining and fresh spores were observed by differential interference contrast optics. Henneguya garavelli n. sp. differs from Henneguya iheringi , Henneguya occulta, Henneguya cesarpintoi, Henneguya santae, Henneguya pisciforme, Henneguya amazonica, Henneguya striolata, Henneguya leporinicola and Henneguya chydadea in spore length and from Henneguya travassosi, Henneguya adherens, Henneguya malabarica, Henneguya piaractus and also Henneguya chydadea in polar capsule length and tail length. Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp. was very different when compared to other species of Myxobolus in its morphology and the biggest size of spore body. The authors present tables with comparative measurements of Brazilian myxozoan parasites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Substituição da farinha de peixe pelo farelo de soja em dietas para juvenis de curimba

Replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in juvenile curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) diets was evaluated. Five isonitrogenous (26% crude protein) and isocaloric (4,000 kcal of gross energy kg(-1)) diets with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of replacement were used. Fish (3.71 +/- 0.54 g) were distributed in 25 tanks (120 liters). The diets were provided for 84 days. Total replacement of fishmeal (100%) by soybean meal worsened weight gain, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio. An increase in carcass fat was observed at the expense of reducing protein percentage, as well as an increase in hepatosomatic index. It was concluded that replacing 75.0% fish meal by soybean meal (33.2% of inclusion) did not affect the animal growth, although there been observed changes in corporal composition and hepatic hyperplasia.

Efeitos de doses de nitrogênio e potássio e densidade populacional sobre a classificação de bulbos de cebola

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Correlação da atividade de lactato desidrogenase e concentração de lactato com a classificação de efusões em cães

As efusões são problemas clínicos frequentes e que ocorrem em consequência de uma enfermidade que culmine com diminuição da pressão coloidosmótica intravascular, elevação da pressão hidrostática local, aumento da permeabilidade vascular e/ou comprometimento da drenagem realizada pelos vasos linfáticos. Dessa maneira, a avaliação laboratorial desse fluido torna-se relevante para que, em conjunto com os sinais clínicos apresentados pelo paciente, possa ser firmado um possível diagnóstico e instituída ação terapêutica adequada. Assim sendo, a classificação de uma efusão em transudato ou exsudato torna-se um dos pontos críticos para a elucidação do diagnóstico e condução do caso clínico. em Medicina Veterinária, o método tradicional de classificação de uma efusão é baseado na contagem celular e na concentração de proteínas do fluido. Contudo, diversos estudos evidenciam que tais parâmetros não são suficientes para a correta classificação de todas as efusões. Assim, o presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar a correlação de outros parâmetros bioquímicos com a diferenciação das efusões transudativas e exsudativas e, para tal, foram avaliadas as atividades de lacatato desidrogenase (LDH) das efusões, a relação de sua atividade fluido/soro, concentração de lactato das efusões, o gradiente de concentração de lactato do soro para o fluido e a concentração de proteínas das efusões. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar que a atividade de LDH, a relação LDH efusão/soro, a concentração de lactato e o gradiente de concentração de lactato soro/efusão apresentam diferença estatisticamente significativa (P<0,05), bem como alta correlação com a classificação de uma efusão exsudativa.

Produtividade e classificação de brócolos para indústria em função da adubação nitrogenada e potássica e dos espaçamentos entre plantas

No município de Itatiba-SP, no período de março a julho de 2007, foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar doses de nitrogênio e potássio e espaçamentos entre plantas na produtividade e classificação de brócolos para indústria. O experimento foi instalado sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, e três repetições, sendo avaliadas as doses de nitrogênio-potássio: 105-105; 157,5-157,5; 210-210; 262,5-262,5 e 315-315 kg ha-1 de N e K2O e os espaçamentos entre plantas: 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 m. O espaçamento entre linhas foi de 0,8 m. Foram avaliados o teor foliar de nitrogênio (TN) e de potássio (TP), produtividade de inflorescência (PI), produtividade de floretes (PF), rendimento industrial (RI) e classificação dos floretes com base em seu comprimento: PF5 (<5 cm); PF57 (>5 e <7 cm); PF79 (>7 e <9 cm) e PF9 (>9 cm). Maiores espaçamentos entre plantas proporcionaram maior TN e menores PI e PF. As doses NK e os espaçamentos entre plantas não influenciaram significativamente o TP e o RI. As maiores produtividades de inflorescências (22,08 t ha-1) e de floretes (17,09 t ha-1) foram obtidas com 0,20 m entre plantas e 315 kg ha-1 de N e de K2O. Maior percentagem de floretes na classe PF5 foi obtida no menor espaçamento entre plantas. As doses NK e os espaçamentos entre plantas não influenciaram as percentagens de floretes nas classes PF79 e PF9.

Integridade tissular de pacientes com úlceras venosas: um estudo baseado na Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem

The venous ulcer is an epidemiological problem of high prevalence, causing disability and dependence. Assess the tissue impairment level of patients with venous lesions, within a nursing referential, is relevant for the implementation of a directed assistance to specific clientele. Thus, this work aims to characterize the health status regarding the integrity the lower limbs skin of patients with venous ulcers, according to the of tissue integrity outcome indicators from the Nursing Outcomes Classification. A cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital in Natal - Rio Grande do Norte. The sample consisted of 50 participants, selected through consecutive sampling. Data collection occurred through a interview and physical examination form and a operational definitions tool for indicators of the nursing Tissue Integrity outcome directed to patients with venous ulcer, applied from February to June 2012. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests). The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with protocol 608/11 and Presentation Certificate to Ethical Consideration No. 0038.0.294.000-11. The results were presented using three scientific articles derivatives of research. It was found that the indicators show moderate impairment, light and not impaired, as the median. The respondents had an average of 59.72 years, 66% female, 50% were retired, 60% with a partner, 44% had arterial hypertension, 26% allergies, 20% diabetes mellitus, 96% were sedentary, 14% drank alcohol and 6% were smokers. There was a statistically significant correlation of low intensity between age and hydration (p=0.032; rs=-0.304) and skin desquamation (p=0.026; rs=-0.316), family income and necrosis (p=0.012; rs=-0.353); Ankle Brachial Index and tissue perfusion (p=0,044; rs=-0,329); Diabetes Mellitus and texture (p=0.015) and tissue perfusion (p=0.026); allergy and texture (p=0.034), physical activity and hydration (p=0.034), smoking and thickness (p=0.018), and alcohol consumption and exudate (p=0.045). We conclude that the patients had light to moderate impairment, indicating a good state of health on the integrity of the skin of the lower limbs, according to the indicators of the outcome of tissue integrity Classification Nursing Outcomes valued in the present study. It is believed that the evaluation of impairment tissue using a self-nursing system and its relation with socioeconomic, clinical and risk factors are unique tools in the care planning and in the wound healing

Classificação numérica e modelo digital de elevação na caracterização espacial de atributos dos solos

One of needs of modern agriculture is the prediction of spatial variability of soil properties at more detailed scales for sustainable management and optimization of management practices. The mathematical model associated with knowledge of variability of soil attributes and mapping of relief forms has helped in agricultural planning. In this regard the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of physical and chemical properties of Oxisols and Ultisols using numerical classification and the digital elevation model. Two distinct landforms: convex for the Oxisol (158 ha) and linear for the Ultisol (172 ha). 53 samples from the Oxisol and 57 samples from the Ultisol were taken. Multivariate analysis of clusters of attributes studied from their euclidean distances was performed. This analysis by dendograms along with digital elevation models for different soils characterized was more homogeneous in Ultisol groups, and less homogeneous for the Oxisol in convex landform. These quantitative methods showed that the landforms conditioned the spatial pattern of soil attributes.

Modelo de classificação para pequenas empresas supermercadistas quanto ao uso de técnicas de prevenção de perdas: um estudo de caso

The objective of this work is to draw attention to the importance of use of techniques of loss prevention in small retail organization, analyzing and creating a classification model related to the use of these in companies. This work identifies the fragilities and virtues of companies and classifies them relating the use of techniques of loss prevention. The used methodology is based in a revision of the available literature on measurements and techniques of loss prevention, analyzing the processes that techniques needed to be adopted to reduce losses, approaching the "pillars" of loss prevention, the cycle life of products in retail and cycles of continues improvement in business. Based on the objectives of this work and on the light of researched techniques, was defined the case study, developed from a questionnaire application and the researcher's observation on a net of 16 small supermarkets. From those studies a model of classification of companies was created. The practical implications of this work are useful to point mistakes in retail administration that can become losses, reducing the profitability of companies or even making them impracticable. The academic contribution of this study is a proposal of an unpublished model of classification for small supermarkets based on the use of techniques of loss prevention. As a result of the research, 14 companies were classified as Companies with Minimum Use of Loss Prevention Techniques - CMULPT, and 02 companies were classified as Companies with Deficient Use of Loss Prevention Techniques - CDULPT. The result of the research concludes that on average the group was classified as being Companies with Minimum Use of Techniques of Prevention of Losses EUMTPP, and that the companies should adopt a program of loss prevention focusing in the identification and quantification of losses and in a implantation of a culture of loss prevention

Sistema de gestão da qualidade na hotelaria :um estudo comparativo da ISO 9000 com os modelos de classificação no Brasil

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os sistemas de Classificações existentes para a garantia da gestão da qualidade no setor hoteleiro, tendo como foco principal a Matriz de Classificação para os Meios de Hospedagem da EMBRATUR e a ISO 9000, observando os benefícios que esses sistemas e/ou processos de gestão poderão vir a proporcionar para o setor hoteleiro no que se refere à qualidade de seus serviços. Para a obtenção dessas informações foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade através de pesquisas bibliográficas e de questionários enviados para empreendimentos hoteleiros certificados e classificados, onde os principais resultados fornecidos pela pesquisa foram trabalhados de forma a apresentar, de maneira clara, a superioridade de um sistema em relação ao outro

Dois critérios de seleção na pré- desmama em bovinos da raça Gir. 2. Efeito na classificação dos animais

A utilização de dois critérios de seleção na pré-desmama, ganho médio diário do nascimento à desmama (GMD) e dias para ganhar 160 kg do nascimento à desmama (D160), foi estudada, analisando-se informações de 16.592 animais, provenientes do controle de desenvolvimento ponderal da Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu, nascidos no período de 1978 a 1994. Foram incluídos no modelo o efeito fixo de grupo de contemporâneos e os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo de animal e materno, de ambiente permanente materno e o erro. A covariância entre os efeitos direto e materno foi considerada igual a zero. As estimativas dos componentes de variância e herdabilidade foram obtidas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e os valores genéticos preditos (VGs), por modelos animais uni-característica. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram: 0,12; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,05 para GMD (efeito direto), GMD (efeito materno), D160 (efeito direto) e D160 (efeito materno), respectivamente. Foram estimadas a correlação genética entre GMD e D160 (efeito direto e materno) e a correlação de classificação (Spearman) entre os valores genéticos para as categorias de touros, vacas e bezerros. As estimativas de correlação genética entre GMD e D160 foram 0,86 e 0,88, para o efeito direto e materno, respectivamente. As estimativas de correlação de ;rank;, também foram altas, entretanto, nenhuma foi igual a um, resultando em alterações na classificação dos animais. A relação entre as médias aritmética (A) e harmônica (H) e o desvio-padrão (S) do GMD ajustado para efeitos ambientais e maternos (GMDc) foi verificada utilizando-se um modelo restrito, sem intercepto, mediante as regressões linear e quadrática do S do GMDc sobre a diferença entre a média aritmética e média harmônica (A-H). Os resultados evidenciaram que, semelhantemente a H, o critério D160 apresentou a propriedade de discriminar touros com progênie mais uniforme.

Desempenho e digestibilidade dos nutrientes em cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo silagem de resíduos de peixe

Foram utilizados 36 cordeiros 7/8 Ile de France 1/8 Ideal (18 machos e 18 fêmeas) com peso corporal inicial de 17,90 ± 1,27 kg alimentados com as dietas: controle; SRPAD - com 8% de silagem de resíduo do processamento de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus); e SRPAM - com 8% de silagem de resíduo do processamento de peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophisus). As silagens de resíduos de peixes substituíram parcialmente o farelo de soja e, como volumoso, utilizou-se silagem de milho (40%). Os cordeiros foram mantidos em baias individuais, com controle do alimento fornecido e das sobras e pesagem a cada 14 dias até atingirem 32 kg, quando foram realizadas as medidas biométricas. Paralelamente, foram realizados ensaios de digestibilidade e de metabolismo utilizando-se 12 cordeiras 7/8 Ile de France 1/8 Ideal para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN e CT e do balanço de nitrogênio das dietas experimentais. O consumo de MS e o ganho médio diário não foram influenciados pelas dietas e pelo sexo e apresentaram médias de 891,83 e 240,26 g/dia, respectivamente. Entretanto, a conversão alimentar dos cordeiros alimentados com as dietas com SRPAM foi pior (4,04) em relação à daqueles alimentados com as dietas controle (3,81) e com SRPAD (3,47). Os cordeiros apresentaram maior comprimento corporal (60,09 cm) e altura do anterior (56,11 cm) em comparação às cordeiras (58,03 e 54,75 cm, respectivamente). Cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo SRPAD tiveram maior ingestão de EE e melhor coeficiente de digestibilidade do EE (90,39%), enquanto aqueles alimentados com a dieta controle apresentaram o menor coeficiente de digestibilidade da FDN (59,20%). A substituição parcial do farelo de soja por silagem de resíduos de peixes mostrou-se como boa alternativa protéica na alimentação de cordeiros.

Classificação de imagens de ambientes coralinos: uma abordagem empregando uma combinação de classificadores e máquina de vetor de suporte

The use of the maps obtained from remote sensing orbital images submitted to digital processing became fundamental to optimize conservation and monitoring actions of the coral reefs. However, the accuracy reached in the mapping of submerged areas is limited by variation of the water column that degrades the signal received by the orbital sensor and introduces errors in the final result of the classification. The limited capacity of the traditional methods based on conventional statistical techniques to solve the problems related to the inter-classes took the search of alternative strategies in the area of the Computational Intelligence. In this work an ensemble classifiers was built based on the combination of Support Vector Machines and Minimum Distance Classifier with the objective of classifying remotely sensed images of coral reefs ecosystem. The system is composed by three stages, through which the progressive refinement of the classification process happens. The patterns that received an ambiguous classification in a certain stage of the process were revalued in the subsequent stage. The prediction non ambiguous for all the data happened through the reduction or elimination of the false positive. The images were classified into five bottom-types: deep water; under-water corals; inter-tidal corals; algal and sandy bottom. The highest overall accuracy (89%) was obtained from SVM with polynomial kernel. The accuracy of the classified image was compared through the use of error matrix to the results obtained by the application of other classification methods based on a single classifier (neural network and the k-means algorithm). In the final, the comparison of results achieved demonstrated the potential of the ensemble classifiers as a tool of classification of images from submerged areas subject to the noise caused by atmospheric effects and the water column