The Role of Universities in the Triple Helix model of innovation management within the biotechnology industry, Case example: Turku Science Park Network

Biotechnology has been recognized as the key strategic technology for industrial growth. The industry is heavily dependent on basic research. Finland continues to rank in the top 10 of Europe's most innovative countries in terms of tax-policy, education system, infrastructure and the number of patents issued. Regardless of the excellent statistical results, the output of this innovativeness is below acceptable. Research on the issues hindering the output creation has already been done and the identifiable weaknesses in the Finland's National Innovation system are the non-existent growth of entrepreneurship and the missing internationalization. Finland is proven to have all the enablers of the innovation policy tools, but is lacking the incentives and rewards to push the enablers, such as knowledge and human capital, forward. Science Parks are the biggest operator in research institutes in the Finnish Science and Technology system. They exist with the purpose of speeding up the commercialization process of biotechnology innovations which usually include technological uncertainty, technical inexperience, business inexperience and high technology cost. Innovation management only internally is a rather historic approach, current trend drives towards open innovation model with strong triple helix linkages. The evident problems in the innovation management within the biotechnology industry are examined through a case study approach including analysis of the semi-structured interviews which included biotechnology and business expertise from Turku School of Economics. The results from the interviews supported the theoretical implications as well as conclusions derived from the pilot survey, which focused on the companies inside Turku Science Park network. One major issue that the Finland's National innovation system is struggling with is the fact that it is technology driven, not business pulled. Another problem is the university evaluation scale which focuses more on number of graduates and short-term factors, when it should put more emphasis on the cooperation success in the long-term, such as the triple helix connections with interaction and knowledge distribution. The results of this thesis indicated that there is indeed requirement for some structural changes in the Finland's National innovation system and innovation policy in order to generate successful biotechnology companies and innovation output. There is lack of joint output and scales of success, lack of people with experience, lack of language skills, lack of business knowledge and lack of growth companies.

Öfversigt af Finlands litteratur af Sven Gabriel Elmgren, Ifrån år 1771 till 1863

Pro munere = virkaväitöskirja.

Allozyme variation in a natural population of Stryphnodendron adstringens in the Rio Preto State Park, southeastern Brazil

Leaves and fruits from 63 Stryphnodendron adstringens trees were sampled in the Rio Preto State Park to analyze allozyme segregation, tissue specific expression of allozyme loci, and their genetic parameters. The enzyme systems ADH, EST, ACP, PGM, PGI, GDH, G6PDH, GOT, IDH, LAP, MDH, PER and SKDH were assessed by means of starch-gel electrophoresis. The polymorphic systems PGI, IDH, MDH and GOT demonstrated a dimeric quaternary structure, while EST and PER were monomeric. The total expected genetic diversity (H E) for leaves and seeds were 0.325 and 0.244 respectively. The effective number of alleles per locus (A E) was 1.58 in leaves and 1.42 in seeds. The values of H E and A E observed in S. adstringens were comparatively higher than the average values seen in allozyme studies of other woody plants. The values of the fixation indices for the population, considering leaves (f = 0.070) and seeds (f = 0.107), were not significant. The high values of genetic diversity and of effective number of alleles per locus, as well as the non-significant fixation index and the adjustments of the Hardy-Weinberg proportions between generations for the pgi-1, mdh-2 and idh-1 loci, indicated random mating in this population. The enzyme systems EST and PER demonstrated their best resolution in leaf tissues, while the MDH, IDH, PGI and GOT systems demonstrated their best resolution in seed tissues.

Wäg-karta öfver Finland Utgifwen af Kongl. Landtmäteri Kontoret 1806.

[N. 1:1600000].

Expression and purification of the immunogenically active fragment B of the Park Williams 8 Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain toxin

The construction of a hexahistidine-tagged version of the B fragment of diphtheria toxin (DTB) represents an important step in the study of the biological properties of DTB because it will permit the production of pure recombinant DTB (rDTB) in less time and with higher yields than currently available. In the present study, the genomic DNA of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae Park Williams 8 (PW8) vaccine strain was used as a template for PCR amplification of the dtb gene. After amplification, the dtb gene was cloned and expressed in competent Escherichia coli M15™ cells using the expression vector pQE-30™. The lysate obtained from transformed E. coli cells containing the rDTB PW8 was clarified by centrifugation and purified by affinity chromatography. The homogeneity of the purified rDTB PW8 was confirmed by immunoblotting using mouse polyclonal anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies and the immune response induced in animals with rDTB PW8 was evaluated by ELISA and dermonecrotic neutralization assays. The main result of the present study was an alternative and accessible method for the expression and purification of immunogenically reactive rDTB PW8 using commercially available systems. Data also provided preliminary evidence that rabbits immunized with rDTB PW8 are able to mount a neutralizing response against the challenge with toxigenic C. diphtheriae.

Schulprogramm zum Geburtsfeste Sr. Kaiserlichen Majestät Alexander I. im Namen und mit Bewilligung der Schulcommission geschrieben von D. Georg Friedrich Pöschmann, Mitgliede derselben. Dorpat, den 12. December 1806

Julkaisuaika ja painopaikka Ester-tietokannasta.

Ilmoitus. Sitte kuin se wastauudesta parattu ylöspano suomenkielisestä Bibliasta, in quarto ... ennen tätä jo on lopulle tullut ... tulee se wastauudesta ... taas ylöspandawaxi, ... Turusa 23 p. tammi-kuusa 1771. Jacob Bremer

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

Schulprogramm zum Geburtsfeste Sr. Kaiserlichen Majestät Alexander I. im Namen und mit Bewilligung der Schulcommission geschrieben von D. Georg Friedrich Pöschmann, Mitgliede derselben. Dorpat, den 12. December 1806

Julkaisuaika ja painopaikka Ester-tietokannasta.

Teste de condutividade elétrica para sementes de feijão-mungo-verde

A utilização de sementes de boa qualidade é fundamental para o estabelecimento adequado de uma lavoura. Para uma análise mais precisa da qualidade de sementes, faz-se necessário complementar as informações fornecidas pelo teste de germinação com testes de vigor, possibilitando, assim, selecionar os melhores lotes para comercialização e semeadura. Dentre esses testes, destaca-se o de condutividade elétrica. Objetivou-se neste trabalho estabelecer uma metodologia adequada para o teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de feijão-mungo-verde, considerando períodos de embebição e número de sementes. Foram utilizados seis lotes de sementes e o teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado com as seguintes variações: 100, 75 e 50 sementes embebidas em 75 mL de água destilada a 25 °C, com leituras realizadas após 3, 6, 9, 12, e 15 horas de embebição. O teste de condutividade elétrica conduzido com quatro sub-amostras de 50 sementes embebidas em 75 mL de água destilada permite a separação dos lotes a partir de 3 horas de embebição, mostrando-se promissor na avaliação da qualidade das sementes de feijão-mungo-verde.

Fluxograma de beneficiamento para sementes de feijão-mungo-verde (Vigna radiata L.)

O beneficiamento é componente fundamental em qualquer programa organizado de produção de sementes e visa aprimorar características do lote. Objetivou-se neste trabalho estabelecer um fluxograma de beneficiamento para sementes de feijão-mungo-verde (Vigna radiata L.). Utilizaram-se sementes dois lotes. O primeiro lote foi proveniente de colheita parcelada das vagens, em três épocas, e o segundo de colheita de toda a planta, com a maioria das vagens secas. Foram testados 13 fluxogramas de beneficiamento, com a utilização da máquina de ventilador e peneiras, separador pneumático, mesa de gravidade e classificador de peneiras. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto a sua qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária. O fluxograma de beneficiamento ideal para lotes de sementes de feijão-mungo-verde provenientes de colheita parcelada das vagens é composto pela máquina de ventilador e peneiras, seguida da mesa de gravidade. Quando os lotes de sementes forem provenientes de colheita única das vagens o ideal é o uso da máquina de ventilador e peneiras, seguida do separador pneumático e da mesa de gravidade.

Förtekning på de af Kongl. Akademiska boktryckeriet i Åbo ifrån den 31 december 1805, till den 30 juni 1806, utkomne arbeten

Nimeke otsikosta.

Förtekning på de af Kongl. Akademiska boktryckeriet i Åbo ifrån den 30 juni, till den 31 december 1806, utkomne arbeten

Nimeke otsikosta.

Förtekning på de af Kongl. Akademiska boktryckeriet i Åbo ifrån den 31 dec. 1806, till den 30 juni 1807, utkomne arbeten

Nimeke otsikosta.

Sanaleikkien kääntäminen animaatiosarjassa South Park

Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan sanaleikkien kääntämistä amerikkalaisen animaatiosarja South Parkin suomen- ja saksankielisissä DVD-tekstityksissä. Tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää, miten hyvin sanaleikit säilyvät tekstityskäännöksessä, ja vaikuttaako tekstityskieli sanaleikkien säilymiseen. Tutkin, mitä eri sanaleikkityyppejä lähtö- ja kohdekielissä esiintyy, ja miten eri sanaleikkityyppejä on käännetty suomessa ja saksassa. Lisäksi vertailen, millaisia käännösstrategioita suomen- ja saksankielisissä tekstityksissä on käytetty sanaleikkien kääntämiseen. Tutkimusaineistona on South Parkin kolmelta tuotantokaudelta kerätyt englanninkieliset sanaleikit ja niiden suomen- ja saksankieliset käännökset. Tutkimuksen sanaleikit jaetaan kielellisten ominaisuuksien perusteella viiteen yläkategoriaan, jotka jakautuvat yhteensä neljääntoista alakategoriaan. Sanaleikit perustuvat joko fonetiikkaan (homofonia, paronymia ja foneettinen jäljittely), morfologiaan (yhdistellyt sanat, keksityt sanat, sananmukaisuus ja sanarajoilla leikittely), semantiikkaan (homonymia, polysemia, kaksikieliset sanaleikit ja sanojen väärinkäyttö), syntaksiin (syntaktinen homonymia) tai pragmatiikkaan (muunnellut alluusiot ja sanonnat sekä kuva tukee yhtä tulkintaa). Lisäksi osassa sanaleikeissä yhdistyy useampi sanaleikkityyppi. Englanninkielisestä tutkimusaineistosta löytyi yhteensä 58 sanaleikkiä, joista oli säilynyt suomenkieliseen tekstitykseen 36 ja saksankieliseen 34. Näin ollen alkuperäisestä sanaleikkimäärästä säilyi suomenkielisiin tekstityksiin 62,1 %, ja saksankielisiin 58,6 %. Oletuksenani oli, että sanaleikeistä häviäisi noin puolet, joten hypoteesini toteutui. Ero suomen ja saksan välillä on kuitenkin niin pieni, ettei sen perusteella voida vetää johtopäätöstä siitä, onko kohdekielellä ollut merkitystä sanaleikkien käännettävyyteen. Saksan ja englannin kielisukulaisuus ei vaikuttanut vastoin ennakko-odotuksia suuresti sanaleikkien säilymiseen, eikä myöskään sillä ollut merkitystä, mitä käännösmetodia – tekstitystä vai dubbausta – kohdekulttuurissa yleensä käytetään. Sitä vastoin sanaleikkityyppi vaikutti tutkituissa kohdekielissä sanaleikkien käännettävyyteen. Tutkimusaineistossa käytettyjä käännösstrategioita oli yhteensä kuusi. Tutkimuksestani selvisi, että strategioiden määrät ja suhteelliset osuudet jakaantuivat hyvin samalla tavalla molemmissa kielissä. Sekä suomessa että saksassa yleisin käännösstrategia oli sanaleikkityypin säilyttäminen, ja toiseksi eniten oli käytetty sanaleikin sivuuttamista. Kolmanneksi käytetyin käännösstrategia molemmissa kielissä oli sanaleikin korvaaminen retorisella tehokeinolla. Sanaleikin kopiointi oli saksassa neljänneksi ja suomessa viidenneksi yleisin käännösstrategia, ja sanaleikkityypin muuttaminen suomessa neljänneksi ja saksassa viidenneksi käytetyin käännösstrategia. Sanaleikkikohdan poisto oli suomenkielisissä tekstityksissä vähiten käytetty käännösstrategia, ja saksassa sitä ei ollut käytetty kertaakaan.

GIS-based approach for optimization of onshore wind park infrastructure alignment in Finland

Wind power is a rapidly developing, low-emission form of energy production. In Fin-land, the official objective is to increase wind power capacity from the current 1 005 MW up to 3 500–4 000 MW by 2025. By the end of April 2015, the total capacity of all wind power project being planned in Finland had surpassed 11 000 MW. As the amount of projects in Finland is record high, an increasing amount of infrastructure is also being planned and constructed. Traditionally, these planning operations are conducted using manual and labor-intensive work methods that are prone to subjectivity. This study introduces a GIS-based methodology for determining optimal paths to sup-port the planning of onshore wind park infrastructure alignment in Nordanå-Lövböle wind park located on the island of Kemiönsaari in Southwest Finland. The presented methodology utilizes a least-cost path (LCP) algorithm for searching of optimal paths within a high resolution real-world terrain dataset derived from airborne lidar scannings. In addition, planning data is used to provide a realistic planning framework for the anal-ysis. In order to produce realistic results, the physiographic and planning datasets are standardized and weighted according to qualitative suitability assessments by utilizing methods and practices offered by multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). The results are pre-sented as scenarios to correspond various different planning objectives. Finally, the methodology is documented by using tools of Business Process Management (BPM). The results show that the presented methodology can be effectively used to search and identify extensive, 20 to 35 kilometers long networks of paths that correspond to certain optimization objectives in the study area. The utilization of high-resolution terrain data produces a more objective and more detailed path alignment plan. This study demon-strates that the presented methodology can be practically applied to support a wind power infrastructure alignment planning process. The six-phase structure of the method-ology allows straightforward incorporation of different optimization objectives. The methodology responds well to combining quantitative and qualitative data. Additional-ly, the careful documentation presents an example of how the methodology can be eval-uated and developed as a business process. This thesis also shows that more emphasis on the research of algorithm-based, more objective methods for the planning of infrastruc-ture alignment is desirable, as technological development has only recently started to realize the potential of these computational methods.