Covariation and interference between physiological reflexes: Eye-blink startle cardiac defense, and skin conductance

Comparative studies of autonomic and somatic reflexes, such as cardiac defense and motor startle, are rare. However, examination of the pattern of covariation, independence, or interference among physiological reflexes may help to clarify their functional significance and elucidate their complex modulation by psychological factors. Here we report the results of a study that examined the pattern of interference of eye-blink startle on subsequent cardiac defense. Participants were 63 students (31 women) distributed into three groups according to the sensory modality of the eliciting stimulus during the startle trials: acoustic high intensity (105 dB), acoustic low intensity (65 dB), and visual modality. Startle trials consisted of 12 presentations of the eliciting stimulus with a duration of 50 ms, instantaneous risetime, and a variable inter-stimulus interval of 16 – 20 s.Defense trials began 20 s after the last startle trial and consisted, for all groups, of 3 presentations of the high intensity acoustic stimulus with a duration of 500 ms and an inter-stimulus interval of 215 s. Results showed a clear interference of the startle trials on the subsequent defense trials when both types of trials shared identical sensory modality (acoustic) independently of intensity: the expected pattern of cardiac defense in the first trial only appeared in the visual modality. Similar interference effects were observed in the skin conductance response. Subjective reactivity to the defense stimulus did not detect differences between conditions.

ESPIRITISMO E CONVERSÃO: FATORES MOTIVACIONAIS DA MIGRAÇÃO RELIGIOSA PARA O ESPIRITISMO, NO BRASIL.

Este trabalho faz um estudo analítico do fenômeno da conversão religiosa. Particularmente, dos fatores que motivam o trânsito de fiéis de uma religião qualquer para o Espiritismo, no Brasil. Os grupos em estudo, dos quais são provenientes os novos espíritas foram divididos em sete blocos: Catolicismo, Protestantismo, afro-brasileiras, Umbanda, orientais, outras e, nenhuma. Essa análise privilegia os fatores sociais e psicológicos que levam um indivíduo a mudar de religião. Ao explorar o caso brasileiro, este trabalho aborda também, a multiplicidade de religiões, seitas, crenças e movimentos religiosos presentes no cenário brasileiro, dentro da dinâmica de forças que envolvem esse campo religioso. Para isso, é apresentado um resumo da história dos principais movimentos religiosos no caso brasileiro. Dá-se ênfase ao Espiritismo no Brasil e no mundo, como forma de caracterizar os processos de evolução da Doutrina Espírita e os argumentos com que a essa Doutrina compete nesse mosaico de convicções religiosas. A pesquisa se apoia em um questionário distribuído em todo território nacional, que coleta dos respondentes, dados que permitem qualificá-los sob diversos aspectos: renda, educação, localização regional, conhecimento e prática da Doutrina Espírita, etc. Dentro dos quesitos de consulta estão sugeridas 18 opções, como razões da mudança da religião para o Espiritismo e, em outros vinte quesitos, um aprofundamento da opção que, no conjunto anterior se apresentou como a mais frequente. As opções iniciais se distribuem entre as razões mais frequentes da mudança de religião observadas pelo autor em sua experiência pessoal e na literatura. Os dados estatísticos foram coletados de mais de 2.300 depoentes, em mais de 400 municípios, em todos os Estados do Brasil.

Causal attributions in King-Kopetzky syndrome

At least 10% of people who present for help with hearing difficulties will be found to have normal hearing thresholds. These cases are clinically categorized as King-Kopetzky syndrome (KKS), obscure auditory dysfunction (OAD), or auditory processing disorder (APD). While recent research has focussed on the possible mechanistic basis for these difficulties, the perceptions of the hearing difficulties that lead people to seek help have not hitherto been identified. This study presents findings from an observational survey of causal attributions of hearing difficulties from 100 people with KKS. The findings suggest that participants regard immunity and risk related causes of hearing difficulties as pre-dominant. Psychological factors were not considered to be causal for hearing difficulties. These factors were not affected by diagnostic classification. These findings inform audiologists about their patient beliefs for the first time. The authors suggest that clinicians take care to ensure that their counselling is responsive to these beliefs. © 2010 British Society of Audiology, International Society of Audiology, and Nordic Audiological Society.

Családi vállalkozás folytatásának tervei a felsőoktatási hallgatók körében (The plans of students on taking over family firms)

Tanulmányában a szerző a felsőoktatási hallgatók vállalkozásindítással kapcsolatos attitűdjeit kétféle szempontból vizsgálja. Kutatása középpontjában a hallgatók családivállalkozás-folytatásának tervei, az ehhez kapcsolódó jellemzők állnak. A fő kérdés az, hogy inkább folytatnák-e a családi vállalkozást (ha van ilyen) vagy indítanának saját vállalkozást? A családi vállalkozás indításával kapcsolatban azonban nemcsak annak a ténye fontos, hogy a hallgatók folytatnák-e a családi hagyományokat, hanem az is, hogy a folytatásnak vagy a saját vállalkozás indításának milyen motivációi vannak, vagyis mennyiben befolyásolja a döntésben a hallgatót a vállalkozásokról alkotott véleménye, a családi háttere, illetve egyéb pszichológiai tényezők. ____ In her study the author analyses the attitudes of the Hungarian higher education students on taking over family firms in two points of view. In the centre of her research there are the plans of students on taking over family firms and its main characteristics. The main question is that students rather take over firms or establish new ones? Besides of these facts it is also very important to know what the main motivations of this decision are: how extent does the following facts influence students’ decisions: family background, psychological factors, opinions about firms etc.

The Impact of Project Manager on Project Success – The Case of ICT Sector

The project management literature on project success is rich. Numerous papers focus on the evolution of the understanding of project success, identification of success criteria and critical success factors. Critical success factors increase the potential for achieving project success, while project success can be evaluated with the help of success criteria. Although the interrelationships between critical success factors and success criteria are rarely analyzed, yet there is a strong demand for it. The aim of this paper is twofold. One of the aims is to identify the impact of one of the critical success factors, the project manager’s project management attitude on project success. The other aim is to highlight the interrelationship between the project manager’s personal characteristics and project management attitude and leadership style, which are three critical success factors. These aim to address the shortcoming mentioned above, which is considering the lack of the interrelationships between critical success factors and success criteria. The research outcomes are drawn from qualitative field research at the Hungarian subsidiaries of multinational companies operating in the ICT sector.

A study of intrablack conflict and work attitudes within an African American organization

The present research evidences a field setting studying attitudinal and behavioral results of five Black group contacts. The research was designed, in part, to determine the demographic, cultural, social, and psychological factors associated with intrablack perceptions of conflict and work attitudes in an African American organization. Two organizational groups, African Americans and Caribbean/West Indians totaling 112 participants were studied. The objective of the research was to gain information about attitudinal levels perceived by each of the two groups. Each group rated the other group on items dealing with conflict and work attitudes. One-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were employed to test the overall differences on scale means among the groups. The findings in this study buttress some of the major themes in the impressionistic literature on cultural/multicultural diversity in organizations and Caribbean/West Indian literature. The data are reported and examined, and theoretical implications are discussed. ^

Adaptation of trailing spouses: Does gender matter?

The adaptation to a new country is a complex and stressful process that is compounded when changes in status and identity have to be made. This exploratory study examined the adaptation of international company transferee spouses when they decide to follow the transferee on overseas assignments. Research to date indicates that the spouses’ dissatisfaction with life abroad is the leading cause of transferees breaking contract and prematurely returning home. The causes of this dissatisfaction are still not clear and this study sought greater clarification, particularly examining the experiences of male as well as female trailing spouses. The study, thus, takes gender as a main variable to consider. It explores how gendered expectations inherent in the structures of society inflect and inform the decisions, attitudes, and behaviors that affect the adaptations of trailing spouses living in a foreign habitus. The study is based on eight months of ethnographic research in two culturally different locations, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Brussels, Belgium. Forty-two American international company transferee spouses were recruited (seven males and thirty-five females). The data analysis revolved around five main themes: (1) the comparison of male with female trailing spouses’ experiences, (2) the effect of location on spouses’ adaptation, (3) the communities that spouses integrate into, (4) variations in personal work and family histories, and (5) conditions of exit. The analysis engaged multiple theories regarding gender, sociological adaptation, and psychological adaptation. Results indicate that both socio-cultural and psychological factors affect adaptation and that gender matters very significantly, particularly along two axes: (1) gendered structures in our society create different reasons why males and females become trailing spouses, (2) the gendered social constructions of role expectations make the experience of being a trailing husband different from being a trailing wife. In addition spouses’ status as parents (or not) and their “readiness for change” were found to be important predictors of positive spousal adaptation. In contrast, significant ties with families in the home country and strong professional identity with career projections were important predictors of negative spousal adaptation.

The influence of gender on perceived treatment need among a community sample of substance users

Purpose: Most individuals do not perceive a need for substance use treatment despite meeting diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders and they are least likely to pursue treatment voluntarily. There are also those who perceive a need for treatment and yet do not pursue it. This study aimed to understand which factors increase the likelihood of perceiving a need for treatment for individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders in the hopes to better assist with more targeted efforts for gender-specific treatment recruitment and retention. Using Andersen and Newman's (1973/2005) model of individual determinants of healthcare utilization, the central hypothesis of the study was that gender moderates the relationship between substance use problem severity and perceived treatment need, so that women with increasing problems due to their use of substances are more likely than men to perceive a need for treatment. Additional predisposing and enabling factors from Andersen and Newman's (1973/2005) model were included in the study to understand their impact on perceived need. Method: The study was a secondary data analysis of the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) using logistic regression. The weighted sample consisted of a total 20,077,235 American household residents (The unweighted sample was 5,484 participants). Results of the logistic regression were verified using Relogit software for rare events logistic regression due to the rare event of perceived treatment need (King & Zeng, 2001a; 2001b). Results: The moderating effect of female gender was not found. Conversely, men were significantly more likely than women to perceive a need for treatment as substance use problem severity increased. The study also found that a number of factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, marital status, education, co-occurring mental health disorders, and prior treatment history differently impacted the likelihood of perceiving a need for treatment among men and women. Conclusion: Perceived treatment need among individuals who meet criteria for substance use disorders is rare, but identifying factors associated with an increased likelihood of perceiving need for treatment can help the development of gender-appropriate outreach and recruitment for social work treatment, and public health messages.

Adaptation of Trailing Spouses: Does Gender Matter?

The adaptation to a new country is a complex and stressful process that is compounded when changes in status and identity have to be made. This exploratory study examined the adaptation of international company transferee spouses when they decide to follow the transferee on overseas assignments. Research to date indicates that the spouses’ dissatisfaction with life abroad is the leading cause of transferees breaking contract and prematurely returning home. The causes of this dissatisfaction are still not clear and this study sought greater clarification, particularly examining the experiences of male as well as female trailing spouses. The study, thus, takes gender as a main variable to consider. It explores how gendered expectations inherent in the structures of society inflect and inform the decisions, attitudes, and behaviors that affect the adaptations of trailing spouses living in a foreign habitus. The study is based on eight months of ethnographic research in two culturally different locations, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Brussels, Belgium. Forty-two American international company transferee spouses were recruited (seven males and thirty-five females). The data analysis revolved around five main themes: (1) the comparison of male with female trailing spouses’ experiences, (2) the effect of location on spouses’ adaptation, (3) the communities that spouses integrate into, (4) variations in personal work and family histories, and (5) conditions of exit. The analysis engaged multiple theories regarding gender, sociological adaptation, and psychological adaptation. Results indicate that both socio-cultural and psychological factors affect adaptation and that gender matters very significantly, particularly along two axes: (1) gendered structures in our society create different reasons why males and females become trailing spouses, (2) the gendered social constructions of role expectations make the experience of being a trailing husband different from being a trailing wife. In addition spouses’ status as parents (or not) and their “readiness for change” were found to be important predictors of positive spousal adaptation. In contrast, significant ties with families in the home country and strong professional identity with career projections were important predictors of negative spousal adaptation.

Evidências de validade do Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic: avaliação de indicadores de adesão ao tratamento em pacientes com hipertensão

Systemic Arterial Hypertension – SAH – is defined as the syndrome which its main feature is the presence of high tensional levels, associated with alterations of functional or structural levels in the organs that it strikes. Its specific causes are not very well bounded and have an asymptomatic character. Due to its chronicity it requires adherence to the treatment plan in a systematic and permanent manner, implicating in lifestyle changes, combined or not with the use of medication. The personality inventories have been largely used in the lineation of indicative traits of difficulties with the adherence to the treatment. In this sense, developed by Theodore Millon, the Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic – MBMD is an instrument made from the consensus among healthcare professionals, aiming at identifying psychological factors that may compromise medical treatment so that they can be conducted in a way to enable a better adherence. Objective: evaluation of the evidence of validity of the Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic – MBMD for a public of patients with hypertension, aiming at investigating the indicators implicated in the adherence or not to the anti-hypertensive treatment. Method: there was a group of 200 participants in a university hospital in the city of Natal/RN, males and females, ranging from 20 to 70 years old. An interview protocol was administered in order to obtain information about socio-demographic data, clinical history, healthcare habits and way of conducting treatment, and after, the administration of the MBMD followed. Results: by means of Factor Analysis it was verified that the organization proposed by the factors is favorable and it adjusts to the theory, allowing the visualization of other underlying constructs to the scales, with adequate adjustment indexes and satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha indicators. Besides, the MBMD revealed itself sensitive to the intragroup differences relative to the sex, age, schooling, marital status, profession, income, SAH history, diagnostic time, medication use, comorbidity presence, hyposodic diet, social support and adherence criteria variables. The utilization of such instrument in the evaluation of the adherence to the anti-hypertensive treatment show, therefore, indicators of validity.

Self-cutting and prospective repetition of self-harm: studies of emergency department presentations in Ireland

Background Self-harm places an individual at increased risk of future self-harm and suicide, and indicates distress and maladaptive coping. Those who present to hospital with self-cutting form a significant minority of self-harm patients who are at increased risk of prospective repetition of self-harm and suicide compared with those presenting with intentional overdose. In addition to increased risk, there is emerging evidence of demographic, psychological, clinical, and social differences between those presenting with self-cutting and those presenting with overdose. Aim and Key Objectives The aim of the current doctoral work was to examine in detail the association between presenting with self-cutting and risk of prospective repetition. The objectives were: to identify evidence-based risk factors for repetition of self-harm among those presenting to emergency departments with self-harm; to compare demographic and presentation characteristics and prospective repetition across presentations of self-cutting only, self-cutting plus intentional overdose, and intentional overdose only; to compare prospective repetition and other characteristics within self-cutting presentations based on the type of treatment received; to compare self-cutting and intentional overdose patients on psychological risk and protective factors for repetition; and to examine the lived experience of engaging in repeated overdose and self-cutting. Methods The current doctoral work used a mixed-methods approach and is comprised of one systematic review and four empirical studies. The empirical studies were two registry-based prospective studies of Irish hospital presentations of self-harm, one prospective structured interview study, and one qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results The systematic review identified several consistent and emerging risk factors for repetition of self-harm, compared to which self-cutting had a medium-sized effect. The registry studies demonstrated that the involvement of self-cutting, particularly less medically severe selfcutting, confers an increased risk of 1-month and 12-month repetition among Irish index selfharm presentations. The structured psychological study detected higher hopelessness and lower non-reactivity to inner experience among those presenting with self-cutting, and higher depression among those who repeated self-harm. Repeaters had lower baseline levels of protective psychological factors than non-repeaters and continued to have higher depression and hopelessness at follow-up. Finally, the qualitative study indicated that self-harm is a purposeful action taken in response to an overwhelming situation and is evaluated afterwards in terms of personal and social effects. Chosen method of self-harm seemed to be influenced by the desired outcome of the self-harm act, capability, accessibility and previous experience. Conclusion Despite limitations in terms of recruitment rates, the work presented in this thesis is innovative in examining the issue of the association between self-cutting and repetition from multiple perspectives. No one factor can reliably predict all repetition but self-cutting represents one consistent and easily detected risk factor for repetition. Those who present with self-cutting exhibit significant differences on demographic, clinical, and psychological variables compared with those presenting with intentional overdose, and seem to exhibit a more vulnerable profile. However, those who present with self-cutting do not form a discrete or homogenous group, and self-harm methods and levels of suicidal intent are liable to fluctuate over time.

Psychosocial Functioning in Women with Symptoms of Persistent Genital Arousal

Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is characterized by physiological sexual arousal (vasocongestion, sensitivity of the genitals and nipples) that is described as distressing, and sometimes painful. Although awareness of PGAD is growing, there continues to be a lack of systematic research on this condition. The vast majority of published reports are case studies. Little is known about the symptom characteristics, biological factors, or psychosocial functioning associated with the experience of persistent genital arousal (PGA) symptoms. This study sought to characterize a sample of women with PGA (Study One); compare women with and without PGA symptoms on a series of biopsychosocial factors (Study Two); and undertake an exploratory comparison of women with PGA, painful PGA, and genital pain (Study Three)—all within a biopsychosocial framework. Symptom-free women, women with PGA symptoms, painful PGA, and genital pain, completed an online survey of biological factors (medical history, symptom profiles), psychological factors (depression, anxiety) and social factors (sexual function, relationship satisfaction). Study One found that women report diverse symptoms associated with PGA, with almost half reporting painful symptoms. In Study Two, women with symptoms of PGA reported significantly greater impairment in most domains of psychosocial functioning as compared to symptom-free women. In particular, catastrophizing of vulvar sensations was related to symptom ratings (i.e., greater severity, distress) and psychosocial outcomes (i.e., greater depression and anxiety). Finally, Study Three found that women with PGA symptoms reported some overlap in medical comorbidities and symptom expression as those with combined PGA and vulvodynia and those with vulvodynia symptoms alone; however, there were also a number of significant differences in their associated physical symptoms. These studies indicate that PGA symptoms have negative consequences for the psychosocial functioning of affected women. As such, future research and clinical care may benefit from a biopsychosocial approach to PGA symptoms. These studies highlight areas for more targeted research, including the role of catastrophizing in PGA symptom development and maintenance, and the potential conceptualization of both PGA and vulvodynia (and potentially other conditions) under a general umbrella of ‘genital paraesthesias’ (i.e., disorders characterized by abnormal sensations, such as tingling and burning).

Intervención cognitivo-conductual para el control de ansiedad ante la biopsia insicional en pacientes con cáncer de mama

Oncological patients are submitted to invasive exams in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis; these procedures may cause maladaptative reactions (fear, anxiety and pain). Particularly in breast cancer, the most common diagnose technique is the incisional biopsy. Most of the patients are unaware about the procedure and for that reason they may focus their thoughts on possible events such as pain, bleeding, the anesthesia, or the later surgical wound care. Anxiety and pain may provoke physiological, behavioral and emotional complications, and because of this reason, the Behavioral Medicine trained psychologist takes an active role before and after the biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a cognitive-behavioral program to reduce anxiety in women submitted to incisional biopsy for the first time. There were 10 participants from the Hospital Juárez de México, Oncology service; all of them were treated as external patients. The intervention program focused in psycho-education and passive relaxation training using videos, tape-recorded instructions and pamphlets. Anxiety measures were performed using the IDARE-State inventory, and a visual-analogue scale of anxiety (EEF-A), and the measurement of blood pressure and heart rate). Data were analyzed both intrasubject and intersubject using the Wilcoxon test (p≤0.05). The results show a reduction in anxiety (as in punctuation as in ranges) besides, a reduction in the EEF-A.

Impact de la cécité sur le système nociceptif

La vision joue un rôle très important dans la prévention du danger. La douleur a aussi pour fonction de prévenir les lésions corporelles. Nous avons donc testé l’hypothèse qu’une hypersensibilité à la douleur découlerait de la cécité en guise de compensation sensorielle. En effet, une littérature exhaustive indique qu’une plasticité intermodale s’opère chez les non-voyants, ce qui module à la hausse la sensibilité de leurs sens résiduels. De plus, plusieurs études montrent que la douleur peut être modulée par la vision et par une privation visuelle temporaire. Dans une première étude, nous avons mesuré les seuils de détection thermique et les seuils de douleur chez des aveugles de naissance et des voyants à l’aide d’une thermode qui permet de chauffer ou de refroidir la peau. Les participants ont aussi eu à quantifier la douleur perçue en réponse à des stimuli laser CO2 et à répondre à des questionnaires mesurant leur attitude face à des situations douloureuses de la vie quotidienne. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les aveugles congénitaux ont des seuils de douleur plus bas et des rapports de douleur plus élevés que leurs congénères voyants. De plus, les résultats psychométriques indiquent que les non-voyants sont plus attentifs à la douleur. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons mesuré l’impact de l'expérience visuelle sur la perception de la douleur en répliquant la première étude dans un échantillon d’aveugles tardifs. Les résultats montrent que ces derniers sont en tous points similaires aux voyants quant à leur sensibilité à la douleur. Dans une troisième étude, nous avons testé les capacités de discrimination de température des aveugles congénitaux, car la détection de changements rapides de température est cruciale pour éviter les brûlures. Il s’est avéré que les aveugles de naissance ont une discrimination de température plus fine et qu’ils sont plus sensibles à la sommation spatiale de la chaleur. Dans une quatrième étude, nous avons examiné la contribution des fibres A∂ et C au traitement nociceptif des non-voyants, car ces récepteurs signalent la première et la deuxième douleur, respectivement. Nous avons observé que les aveugles congénitaux détectent plus facilement et répondent plus rapidement aux sensations générées par l’activation des fibres C. Dans une cinquième et dernière étude, nous avons sondé les changements potentiels qu’entrainerait la perte de vision dans la modulation descendante des intrants nociceptifs en mesurant les effets de l’appréhension d’un stimulus nocif sur la perception de la douleur. Les résultats montrent que, contrairement aux voyants, les aveugles congénitaux voient leur douleur exacerbée par l’incertitude face au danger, suggérant ainsi que la modulation centrale de la douleur est facilitée chez ces derniers. En gros, ces travaux indiquent que l’absence d’expérience visuelle, plutôt que la cécité, entraine une hausse de la sensibilité nociceptive, ce qui apporte une autre dimension au modèle d’intégration multi-sensorielle de la vision et de la douleur.

La persévérance scolaire des immigrants haïtiens de première génération au Québec et à New York

Le but de cette thèse a consisté à comprendre les facteurs de la persévérance et de l’abandon scolaire des nouveaux arrivants haïtiens au Québec et à New York. La recension d’écrits a révélé une sous-documentation de la thématique en question. Toutefois, l’élaboration du cadre conceptuel nous a permis de mieux cerner la problématique, d’analyser et de synthétiser plusieurs approches théoriques dont les théories du rendement scolaire des immigrants (Rong et Brown, 2001 ; Warikoo et Carter, 2009 ; Xie et Greenman, 2011), l’approche bourdieusienne des capitaux (1979a, 1979b, 1980), le structuro-fonctionnalisme de Merton (1965) et le courant effets-écoles/ effets-enseignants (Crahay, 2000 ; Bressoux, 1994a). Nous avons également mis en évidence deux approches compréhensives à savoir l’interactionnisme (Weber, 1959 ; Boudon, 1979, 1994 ; Goffman, 1998 ; Garfinkel, 1967) et l’approche du rapport au savoir de l’équipe ESCOL (Rochex, 2002 ; Charlot, 2003) dans l’objectif de faire valoir le caractère relatif des conclusions d’une recherche qualitative qui priorise la subjectivité des participants dans l’analyse des faits sociaux. Dans cette recherche, nous avons interviewé onze participants à Montréal et à Brooklyn, parmi lesquels sept hommes et quatre femmes. Ils ont tous une expérience d’abandon scolaire au secondaire ou au secteur des adultes. Nous avons utilisé l’entretien semi-dirigé comme méthode de collecte d’information et l’analyse thématique est celle de l’analyse des données. L’analyse des données nous a permis de classer les informations fournies par les participants en cinq rubriques : capital économique, capital culturel, capital social, encadrement institutionnel et facteurs spécifiques. Ces cinq rubriques regroupent les facteurs de la persévérance et du décrochage scolaire évoqués par les participants de la recherche. La réalisation de cette thèse nous apporte un bon éclairage quant à notre tentative de comprendre la dynamique de l’abandon scolaire des jeunes et des jeunes adultes immigrants haïtiens de première génération au Québec et à New York, au secondaire et au secteur de l’éducation des adultes. Nous avons mis en relation les résultats de la recherche avec ceux des travaux que nous avons recensés dans la problématique et dans le cadre conceptuel de cette thèse. La synthèse de ces résultats nous a amené à faire une proposition d’éléments d’un modèle d’analyse que nous qualifions de « relance scolaire des nouveaux arrivants haïtiens au Québec et à New York ». L’analyse et la synthèse des facteurs émergents de la recherche, plus précisément des six thèmes qui composent la rubrique des facteurs spécifiques : facteurs démographiques, motivation personnelle, lacunes de base, facteurs affectifs, traits de personnalité et problèmes de comportement, nous ont permis d’élaborer un autre concept qui peut représenter une grande contribution à la persévérance scolaire des nouveaux arrivants haïtiens. Il s’agit de l’encadrement psycho-intégrationnel qui est une forme d’accompagnement dont les jeunes et les jeunes adultes nouveaux arrivants haïtiens pourront être bénéficiaires au début en vue d’un bon démarrage sur le plan socioéducatif et de leur persévérance scolaire au pays d’accueil. L’encadrement psycho-intégrationnel, consistera à mettre en relation certains faits psychologiques qui ont marqué la vie pré-migratoire des élèves jeunes et jeunes adultes d’origine haïtienne avec les faits sociaux qui peuvent influencer leur vie au pays d’accueil. C’est une forme d’assistance individuelle dont l’État, les institutions sociales d’intégration et l’école constitueront les principales structures de matérialisation. Les principaux intervenants, notamment les psychologues, les travailleurs sociaux et les anthropo-sociologues se chargeront de comprendre et d’orienter les nouveaux arrivants quant au nouveau comportement à adopter pour une meilleure évolution sur les plans socio-culturel, professionnel et économique. Mots clés : Persévérance scolaire, relance scolaire, immigrants haïtiens, première génération, nouveaux arrivants.