Eficiência nutricional da dieta de novilhos de corte mantidos em pastagem associada a suplementação

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Efeito de diferentes ofertas de forragem na terminação de bovinos Nelore recebendo alta suplementação recriados com diferentes taxas de ganho

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Morphogenic parameters and productivity of grass-Pioneer subjected to nitrogen

Objective of this work by evaluating the effect of nitrogen on forage yield and morphogenesis of elephant grass cv. Pioneer. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications, totaling 20 experimental units. Treatments consisted of four nitrogen levels (100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). The experiment was conducted under irrigated conditions. Evaluative cuts were made at 50 cm soil with values of light interception (95%) without pre-defined intervals. It was observed that N fertilization increased significantly (P<0.05) the production of dry matter per hectare, leaf appearance rate (leaves days(-1)tiller(-1)), leaf elongation rate (cm tiller(-1) day(-1)) and stem elongation rate (cm day(-1)). The process of this forage senescence is accelerated with increasing doses of nitrogen and leaf appearance rate, thereby reducing the phyllochron. It required a study on the economic viability of higher doses of nitrogen in grazed elephant grass cv. Pioneer.

Correlações entre escores visuais e características produtivas em prova de ganho de peso de bovinos da raça Nelore Mocha

The objective was evaluate the phenotypic correlations among visual scores, performance traits and scrotal circumference of the polled Nelore cattle performance tests. Animals of the fifth, sixth, seventh official performance test in pasture were analysed. At the end of each test period the following measures were taken: adjusted weight to 550 days, gain weight, visual score (body structure; precocity and muscle) and scrotal circumference. The musculature, precocity and body structure showed significant positive correlations (P <0.01) with gain weight, adjusted average daily weight to 550 days, scrotal circumference and chest circumference. However, only hip height showed a significant positive correlation with muscularity. Therefore, in polled Nelore cattle, regards to performance test in pasture, the visual scores show positive correlation with the performance traits and scrotal circumference, showing that visual scores is important tool in the polled Nelore Cattle performance test.

Desempenho e bem estar de bovinos Nelore na fase de recria mantidos em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fluxo de gases de efeito estufa na implantação de sistema silvipastoril em pastejo com ovinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Virginiamycin via mineral supplementation and sward height in growing Nelore young bulls

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Imagens digitais aplicadas no estudo da análise multitemporal do uso e ocupação do solo numa microbacia

The knowledge of the soil occupation as for his nature, location, occurrence form, changes happened in certain periods, they are valuable for the programming of activities that you seek to the development agricultural, economical and social of the area. This work aimed at to identify and to quantify the soil occupation of Stream Petiço Watershed - Botucatu (SP), through the Geographical Information System IDRISI and data of sensor Landsat 5 TM of 09/06/97 and 23/08/2013. For the analysis of the results it was verified that the eucalyptus culture, due to existence of great reforestation companies in the watershed, together with the native forests they are predominant in the study area, the remaining of the area is occupied by pastures and soil prepared for the planting of agricultural cultures.

Avaliação das áreas de conflito de uso em APP da microbacia do alto água fria, Bofete (SP)

The misuse of land by man and is causing serious problems to the environment, resulting in ecological imbalance and depletion of natural resources, especially when it comes to areas of permanent preservation, that ecosystems are essential for balance and water conservation importance . Conflicts of land use is a major cause of silting of rivers and water bodies, causing significant losses in soil and decaying natural water resources both in quantity and in quality. Within this scenario, the planning becomes essential for the control of environmental impacts to the environment factor. This study aimed to evaluate land use conflicts in permanent preservation areas of the stream Água Fria watershed, Bofete (SP) using Geographic Information System and satellite image of LANDSAT - 5 of 2010, scale 1:50000. The results show that 51.16% of the permanent preservation areas of the watershed are conflicting, especially for pasture (88.94%) and reforestation with eucalyptus (11.06%). The GIS IDRISI Selva and Cartalinx along with GIS techniques demonstrated speed and efficiency in identifying, measuring and editing maps of land use, preservation and ongoing conflicts in areas of permanent preservation.

Metano entérico e consumo de ovinos em sistema silvipastoril com diferentes espaçamentos arbóreos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Maize and soybeans production in integrated system under no-tillage with different pasture combinations and animal categories

The adoption of no-till system (NTS) combined with crop-livestock integration (CLI) has been a strategy promoted in Brazil, aiming to maximize areas yield and increase agribusiness profitability. This study aimed to evaluate grains yield and phytotechnical attributes from maize and soybean culture by CLI system under NTS after winter annual pure and diversified pastures with the absence or presence of grazing animals. The experiment was installed in Castro (Parana State, Brazil) on in a dystrophic Humic Rhodic Hapludox with a clay texture, using experimental design of randomized complete blocks in 4 x 2 factorial scheme with three replications. Treatments included four pasture combinations (diversified or pure) and animal categories (light and heavy) subjected or not to grazing animals during the winter. During 2008/09 and 2009/10 summers, the area was cultivated with soybeans and maize, respectively, with yield assessment of grains and phytotechnical attributes. Treatments did not alter the yield and weight of a thousand seeds (WTS) of soybeans. In maize culture, the grazing animal during the winter increased the plant population and grains yield, but gave slight decrease in WTS. Pasture combinations (diversified or pure) and animal categories (light and heavy) did not interfere in soybean culture, but benefited the maize crop.

Determinación de la época más adecuada para la propagación ágamica de gramíneas ornamentales : : Mendoza (Argentina)

La división de matas es una técnica de propagación difundida con gran éxito entre las Gramíneas. Cuando se trata de la producción comercial de este grupo de plantas, es importante conocer la época en que se realiza esta práctica para obtener plantas de la mejor calidad en el menor tiempo posible. Según algunos autores, la estación apropiada para dividir gramíneas está relacionada con el momento de activo crecimiento: primavera tardía para las especies estivales y otoño o primavera temprana para las invernales. En este trabajo se estudió la influencia de la época del año en la división de matas de Miscanthus sinensis "Variegatus", Miscanthus sinensis "Zebrinus", Miscanthus sinensis "Morning Light", Paspalum haumanii, Leymus arenarius, Pennisetum setaceum y Trichloris crinita en diciembre y febrero. Se evaluaron las características ornamentales y la precocidad, con fines comerciales, de las plantas obtenidas en otoño y primavera tardía. Las variables utilizadas fueron altura vegetativa, diámetro de canopia y de corona, número de cañas y porcentaje de sobrevivencia. Desde el punto de vista comercial y productivo, es conveniente realizar la división de matas en otoño para obtener precocidad sólo en M. sinensis "Variegatus" y M. sinensis "Zebrinus". En el caso de M. sinensis "Morning Light", P. setaceum, T. crinita, P. haumanii y Leymus es más adecuada la división de primavera.

Effect of Prosopis flexuosa on understory species and its importance to pastoral management in woodlands of the Central Monte Desert

In the Monte Biogeographic Province, located in the arid region of Argentina, the presence of Prosopis flexuosa DC. produces spatial heterogeneity through edaphic modifications and microclimate changes. This results in vegetation patches differing in species composition and abundance. However, this interaction can be modified by the occurrence of gradients of biotic stress or disturbance intensity. In particular, grazing has been observed to enhance or reduce vegetation heterogeneity. Such complex of interactions could determine forage availability for cattle in one of the driest areas of the Monte Desert. We assessed the effect of Prosopis on understory species and analyzed whether the outcomes of this interaction differed with distance to watering points, as a proxy of grazing intensity, in the Northeast of Mendoza Province, Argentina. We used a two-way factorial design including the following factors: 1) microsite (under the cover of P. flexuosa trees and in intercanopy microsites) and 2) distance to watering points ("near the watering point", 500-700 m away, and "far from the watering point", 3-4 km away). Cover of each species, total cover, bare soil, and litter were recorded, and plant diversity, richness, and evenness were estimated with the modified Point Quadrat method. Results showed that P. flexuosa cover, distance from watering points, and the interaction between them determined species composition, abundance and spatial distribution of understory species, and were, consequently, a determining factor for forage availability. The presence of P. flexuosa enhances carrying capacity by supporting higher abundance of grasses under its canopy. Near watering points, high grazing intensity appears to disrupt the patches formed under P. flexuosa canopies, reducing the differences between microsites.

Diet selection by the lesser rhea (Rhea pennata pennata) in Payunia, Northern Patagonia (Mendoza, Argentina)

The lesser rhea (family Rheidae) is a flightless large bird of South America, threatened due to habitat loss, hunting and egg collecting, with special concern in Northern Patagonia. Diet and food availability were estimated throughout the year by micro-histological analysis and point-quadrat transects in a landscape inside and another outside the Payunia Reserve, the northernmost part of the Rhea pennata pennata distribution. Significant differences were detected by Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA, food selection by Chi-square test and Bailey’s confidence interval. A strong food selection characterized the diet of lesser rheas, dominated by leaves of shrubs and forbs, complemented by dicot seeds and a few insects. This agrees with the documented low dietary overlap with other herbivores in Payunia. Dietary changes agree with the expected from the selective quality hypothesis. Food availability was better inside than outside the protected area, with probable conservation effects for lesser rheas. Seeds, forbs and soft grasses could be for lesser rheas some key food resources to survive during unfavorable seasons in arid environments without "mallines", as Payunia. Shrubby patches, with high availability of preferred food items (tall shrubs and forbs), stood out as key habitats. Therefore, avoiding fire and woody plant removal is crucial for the conservation of lesser rheas in the northern of its range.

Diversidad y producción del estrato herbáceo bajo las copas de encima en una dehesa del centro peninsular.

La dehesa es el sistema agroforestal español más conocido y estudiado; hoy en día está protegido por la Directiva Hábitats 43/92/CEE (6310-Dehesas perennifolias de Quercus ssp.) e incluida en la red Natura 2000. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la contribución del arbolado a la producción y diversidad de los pastos herbáceos en la dehesa del centro peninsular. El trabajo se ha desarrollado en la finca “El Dehesón del Encinar” (Término Municipal de Oropesa, provincia de Toledo), en una parcela de 5 ha representativa de la dehesa tipo en la zona. Se muestrearon marcos de 50 x 50 cm de lado considerando dos posiciones bajo copa según la proximidad del tronco (1/2 radio y en el borde) en cuatro orientaciones: Norte, Sur, Este y Oeste, en 12 encinas en distintas localizaciones dentro de la parcela. Para cada marco de muestreo se estudió la composición florística completa de los pastos herbáceos y la contribución de cada especie a la producción en materia seca. Se utilizó un modelo GLM para ver la relación entre la riqueza específica y otras variables (producción, calidad de estación y situación bajo copa). La diversidad beta fue medida mediante el índice de Whittaker, comparando las comunidades herbáceas en las distintas situaciones presentes. En la zona de estudio encontramos que la calidad de los pastos herbáceos está íntimamente relacionada con la riqueza específica a través de la abundancia de leguminosas. Los valores superiores de riqueza se encontraron en los bordes de las copas del arbolado así como en encinas situadas en las zonas más ricas en leguminosas de la parcela general. Con respecto a la diversidad beta, no existen diferencias notables entre las comunidades de pastos herbáceos bajo las distintas encinas estudiadas; las localizaciones de la parcela con mayor riqueza específica y producción de leguminosas también muestran mayores diferencias (índices de Whittaker superiores) en la comparación de comunidades a distintas distancias del fuste (>50% de especies distintas). Constatamos y cuantificamos la importancia del estrato arbóreo en la producción y diversidad de los pastos herbáceos de la dehesa