The Russian economy under Putin: Growth factors and impediments to economic development. OSW Study 20/2005

After a dramatic economic decline after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the financial breakdown of 1998, the Russian economy has begun to emerge from its deep crisis. The years 1999-2004 were a period of dynamic development in all sectors of Russian economy, and saw a rapid growth in GDP of over 7 per cent per year. Russia owed the excellent macroeconomic results of that period to a combination of favourable factors. The key factors were: high hydrocarbon prices on the global markets; an increase in Russia's international competitiveness thanks to the "rouble devaluation effect" (following the 1998 financial crash); and the market reforms carried out within that period. In 2004, despite very high oil and gas prices on world markets, a slowdown of the GDP growth took place. Even though the economy is still developing fairly rapidly, we are able to say that Russia is exhausting those traditional mechanisms (apart from oil and gas prices) which have hitherto stimulated GDP growth. Moreover, there are no new mechanisms which could replace the old ones. In the longer term, these unsolved structural problems may seriously impede Russia's economic growth.

Interplay between cardiac function and heart development

Mechanotransduction refers to the conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical or electrical signals that initiate structural and functional remodeling in cells and tissues. The heart is a kinetic organ whose form changes considerably during development and disease. This requires cardiomyocytes to be mechanically durable and able to mount coordinated responses to a variety of environmental signals on different time scales, including cardiac pressure loading and electrical and hemodynamic forces. During physiological growth, myocytes, endocardial and epicardial cells have to adaptively remodel to these mechanical forces. Here we review some of the recent advances in the understanding of how mechanical forces influence cardiac development, with a focus on fluid flow forces. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Develomental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.

National Center for Health Statistics : organization and activities 2000-- monitoring the nation's health.

Mode of access: Internet.

H.R. 2600, the Business, Commercial, and Community Development Secondary Market Development Act : hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Growth and Credit Formation of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, October 7, 1993.

Mode of access: Internet.

H.R. 2600, the Business, Commercial, and Community Development Secondary Market Development Act : hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Growth and Credit Formation of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, September 23, 1993.

Mode of access: Internet.

Certificate of need, state health planning, and the state bonding authority for health facilities construction and development : Task Force report to the Council.

Cover title.

Directory of health care facilities and approved schools of nursing.

Prepared 1968-69 by Illinois Division of Health Care Facilities and Chronic Illness; 1970- by Illinois Division of Health Facilities.

Colorado, the queen jewel of the Rockies; a description of its climate and of its mountains, rivers, forests and valleys; an account of its explorers; a review of its Indians--past and present; a survey of its industries, with some reference to what it offers of delight to the automobilist, traveller, sportsman and health seeker; together with a brief resume of its influence upon writers and artists, and a short account of its problems and how met, and of its inexhaustible resources and their development.

"First impression, January, 1918."

Section 232 mortgage insurance for residential care facilities (nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, and board and care homes.

"Replaces HUD handbook 4600.1 dated July, 1973."

The mothers' book : suggestions regarding the mental and moral development of children /

Mode of access: Internet.

Focus / National Center for Health Services Research and Development

Description based on: 7(winter 1971)

Syncrisis: the dynamics of health; an analytic series on the interactions of health and socioeconomic development /

Some vols. issued in revised editions.