895 resultados para Nation: State
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This thesis demonstrates the exercise of slave labor in the context of free or decent work, in contemporary times, supported by the federal constitution 1988 Brazil than places like fundamentals "the dignity of the human person" and "the social values of work and free enterprise" , and is as fundamental objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil "build a free, just and united society," "guarantee national development", "eradicate poverty and marginalization and reduce social and regional inequalities", "promote the well all without prejudice of origin, race, sex, color, age and any other forms of discrimination. " It is considered that the analytical work category interacts both conceptually as an integral part of the capitalist development model as a driving force to the definition of State Capable. The panorama of acquired rights and rights infringed upon evidences the presence, or not, of the Brazilian state. Highlights, however, as state functions are being performed under the auspices of the Democratic State of Rights. So the original question that motivated this work is: To what extent the Brazilian government is structured to implement measures that can eradicate modern-day slavery? This question led to questions as: The Brazilian state has never failed in implementing the policy of "eradication to work analogous to slavery"? The answer the research questions were outlined using the dialectical materialist historical method under a sociological perspective in order to draw relationships and interrelationships between the current situation of the concept contemporary slavery and its historical roots. In the theoretical framework considers the conceptual approach regarding the capable state in order to answer the question regarding the eradication policy to contemporary forced labor and the Brazilian nation-state's ability to put it into action. In this sense, it employed concepts such as state, nation-state and capable state, from the interpretations of Bresser-Pereira, including the discussion regarding the formation of the arrangements and conservative and progressive political alliances. The research subject was analyzed from the reports published in 2013 by the Ministry of Labour after the Special Group of the inspection actions for Mobile Inspection (GEFM) to Combat Labour Analogous to Slave. The study of public policies related to the eradication program to work analogous to slavery takes up the discussion regarding the conditionality of free labor, or decent, in contemporary Brazil, and reveals that in Brazil the effectiveness or efficacy of government actions comply with governing the Federal Constitution-88, namely, to preserve "the dignity of the human person" and "the social values of work and free enterprise" is an ongoing process. There are advances, but these are conditioned to Brazil stage in the formation of the nation state and the national society.
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This paper, first, situates the nation-state historically, as a product of the capitalist revolution. Second, it distinguishes the state (the law system and the organization that guarantees it) from the nation-state or country (the territorial political unit formed by a nation, a state and a territory). Third, it defines nation, civil society and class coalitions, understanding that they are forms of society politically organized, which role is to act as intermediary between society and the state. Fourth, it uses these concepts plus the ones of relative autonomy and of anteriority to understand the ever changing relation between the state and society, where in early moments the state or its elites assumed the lead, and later, as democratization takes place, the protagonist role changed gradually to the people. The paper emphasizes the class coalitions, and argues that behind the two basic forms or economic and political organization of capitalism – developmentalism and economic liberalism – there are the correspondent class coalitions
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Includes bibliography
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Changing precipitation patterns and temperature relate directly to water resources and water security. This report presents the findings of an assessment of the water sector in Grenada with respect to the projected impact of climate change. Grenada‘s water resources comprise primarily surface water, with an estimated groundwater potential to satisfy about 10%-15% of the present potable requirement. On the smaller islands Carriacou and Petite Martinique, domestic water is derived exclusively from rainwater catchments. Rainfall seasonality is marked and the available surface water during the dry season declines dramatically. Changing land use patterns, increase in population, expansion in tourism and future implementation of proposed irrigation schemes are projected to increase future water requirements. Economic modeling approaches were implemented to estimate sectoral demand and supply between 2011 and 2050. Residential, tourism and domestic demand were analysed for the A2, B2 and BAU scenarios as illustrated. The results suggest that water supply will exceed forecasted water demand under B2 and BAU during all four decades. However under the A2 scenario, water demand will exceed water supply by the year 2025. It is important to note that the model has been constrained by the omission of several key parameters, and time series for climate indicators, data for which are unavailable. Some of these include time series for discharge data, rainfall-runoff data, groundwater recharge rates, and evapotranspiration. Further, the findings which seem to indicate adequacy of water are also masked by seasonality in a given year, variation from year to year, and spatial variation within the nation state. It is imperative that some emphasis be placed on data generation in order to better project for the management of Grenada‘s water security. This analysis indicates the need for additional water catchment, storage and distribution infrastructure, as well as institutional strengthening, in order to meet the future needs of the Grenadian population. Strategic priorities should be adopted to increase water production, increase efficiency, strengthen the institutional framework, and decrease wastage. Grenada has embarked on several initiatives that can be considered strategies toward adaptation to the variabilities associated with climate change. The Government should ensure that these programs be carried out to the optimal levels for reasons described above. The ―no-regrets approach‖ which intimates that measures will be beneficial with or without climate change should be adopted. A study on the Costs of Inaction for the Caribbean in the face of climate change listed Grenada among the countries which would experience significant impacts on GDP between now and 2100 without adaptation interventions. Investment in the water sector is germane to building Grenada‘s capacity to cope with the multivariate impact of changes in the parameters of climate.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Nos anos 60/70, do século XX, ocorreu um processo de “Integração político-econômica” da Amazônia ao Brasil, executada pelo Governo Federal. Esse processo gerou consequências profundas ao imaginário dos habitantes da região Amazônica, pois, dentro da estratégia governamental foi incluída a inserção de difusores de comunicação, bem como de rodovias e todo um aparato para interligar e diminuir as disparidades regionais. A “integração” criou uma infraestrutura capaz de atrair indústrias para a região. Porém muitos intelectuais acadêmicos e jornalistas deste período viram esse processo como uma “nova colonização”. Segundo eles, o capital gerado não resultou em melhorias sociais aos habitantes da Amazônia. Além dessa perspectiva, o contato com a cultura brasileira através da Televisão e do Rádio influenciou de forma contundente os rumos da política e da arte paraense. A música popular no Pará foi influenciada pela MPB nos anos 60. Porém, a partir destes debates em torno de uma “nova colonização” podemos perceber que o sentido artístico passou a ser regionalista amazônico, como uma estratégia de apoio político aos intelectuais e jornalistas regionais-progressistas. Neste trabalho, demonstraremos como esse “pano de fundo” se processou na obra do cantor e compositor Paulo André, em parceria com seu pai Ruy Barata (poeta e letrista). Assim como, é elaborada uma análise a respeito da carreira da cantora Fafá de Belém. Será discutido como suas aparições na mídia influenciaram no debate e na (re) construção do imaginário em torno da Amazônia.
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O atual c ontexto internacional é reflexo de uma transformaçãosignificativa na ordem mundial baseada cada vez mais nas interações comerciaise financeiras condicionantes dos interesses e estratégias de ação dos países,fenômeno este identificado com o conceito de globalização. Esta nova realidadeimplicou adequações e mudanças nos comportamentos de alguns grupos e atoressociais brasileiros – como o movimento sindical – à medida que o Estado-naçãoperde capacidade de controlar a atuação empresarial neste novo contexto e,consequentemente, teve alterado o seu papel, ganhando um perfil supervisor emdetrimento de sua função de regulamentador. Neste artigo, discutimos como algumasorganizações sindicais brasileiras estão reagindo perante esta nova realidade e quetipo de iniciativas estão sendo tomadas a fim de fortalecer sua posição neste mundoglobalizado.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir questões literárias e históricas postas em pauta pelo livro Formação da literatura brasileira de Antonio Candido, cuja primeira edição é de 1959. Essa obra – ao reelaborar e procurar superar antigas referências vinculadas às datações e explicações das origens da literatura nacional – apresenta caráter inovador, o que, de um lado, a levou a ser um paradigma fundamental para a história e a crítica literária no país e, de outro lado, provocou muitas polêmicas e objeções. Partindo, portanto, da herança histórico-crítica precedente e incorporando muitos de seus elementos, o crítico repensa os marcos históricos, literários e culturais do surgimento da literatura no Brasil, ou seus momentos decisivos, tendo em vista a noção de sistema literário. Cinquenta anos após a publicação desse estudo, é oportuno e necessário, cremos, rediscutir e redefinir as demarcações histórico-literárias da criação ou da formação da literatura brasileira, por meio de uma leitura diversa do processo de organização do Estado e da nação no Brasil.
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O artigo busca atualizar o debate sobre a cidadania com base nos desafios recentes impostos, ao conceito, pelos processos de globalização e desterritorialização do Estado-nação. O debate sobre o conceito de cidadania envolve uma série de ambigüidades e coincidências em sua definição, que vão desde o reconhecimento da existência de uma cidadania nominal e substancial, passam pelo exame daqueles que estão incluídos e excluídos da demos, até chegar à fusão da cidadania e da nacionalidade, com os conflitos recorrentes devidos à exclusão de indivíduos do exercício da cidadania, com base no pertencimento ou não a uma comunidade nacional.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Studies about cooperation between Portugal, Brazil and Angola are recent and controversial, mainly when we see them from the perspective of democratic countries, Republicans and capitalists. From the middle of this decade to this current date, that triangular relationship historic brought many important issues to international geopolitics, particularly those involving the Southern Cone of America and Africa. In that play of interests, the strategicdiplomatic and cultural universities’ role, of the civil society organizations, enterprises and institutions with mixed capital is too important because they are who forged the new Angolan group leader as the nation-state need contribution of human resources, scientific, technological and cultural order to consolidate their position as a regional power in southern Africa.