1000 resultados para Marchinha de carnaval História 1930-1940
Resumo:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar a dinmica poltica da capital federal, atravs da atuao do Conselho Municipal do Distrito Federal, nos anos de 1920. Partindo da ideia de que a dcada em questo foi assinalada por profundas transformae s e efervescncia poltica, busca - se perceber como o Legislativo carioca operou, politicamente, nos anos em tela. Alm de elucidar a relao estabelecida entre os principais poderes municipais no perodo os intendentes e os prefeitos identificamos o co ntexto poltico - partidrio da poca; destacamos os principais posicionamentos assumidos pelo Conselho frente determinadas conjunturas - chave da poltica nacional e lanamos luz sobre a heterogeneidade do Legislativo local nos anos vinte. Para cumprir este propsito esta pesquisa se estrutura a partir dos Anais do Conselho Municipal, do Boletim da Prefeitura, do Regimento Interno do Conselho e da Imprensa carioca, atravs do jornal Correio da Manh.
Resumo:
A Ilha da Madeira, rodeada pelo Oceano Atlntico, foi sempre um ponto estratgico de passagem de barcos, de diversos pases, pelos mais variados motivos. O contacto com os tripulantes originou um crescente desejo de emigrar, de conhecer o que estava para alm do vasto mar. Comearam a circular notcias sobre as facilidades de emprego noutros pases que se estavam a desenvolver, como Brasil, Curaau, frica do Sul, Venezuela, bem como noutras partes do mundo. O trabalho na Ilha era rduo. O madeirense, cansado de trabalhar em terrenos de difcil cultivo e de transportar mercadoria s costas por caminhos ngremes e perigosos, deixou-se incentivar por estas notcias, que eram realadas pelos engajadores. O ilhu comeou a olhar para a emigrao como uma possibilidade de melhorar as condies de vida e de trabalho. As novidades do sucesso de outros conterrneos na Venezuela motivaram os madeirenses. Depois de obterem a documentao necessria, nomeadamente a autorizao consular (permisso) e o termo de responsabilidade ou carta de chamada, partiam para este pas com o desejo de lucro. Comeando, muitas vezes, a trabalhar por conta de outrem, os madeirenses, por serem empreendedores, rapidamente tornavam-se comerciantes. Dominaram e enriqueceram nas mais diversas actividades: padarias, snacks de sandes e sumos (fuentes de soda), mercearias (abastos), restaurantes, construo civil, agncias de viagens, transportes colectivos, entre outras. A par da documentao histrica, h que considerar o tratamento literrio da emigrao para a Venezuela: a criao da imagem do pas de acolhimento, do outro, o venezuelano, e do eu emigrante, o portugus, que se depara com uma situao existencial de diferena. A literatura recorre a aspectos relacionados com o ambiente scio-cultural e com a poca em questo: o casamento por procurao, a partida do homem que deixa a noiva ou a mulher em terra natal, as remessas enviadas pelos emigrados, a viagem no transatlntico Santa Maria, um dos mais prestigiosos navios da Companhia Colonial de Navegao, entre outros assuntos. Em suma, a literatura funciona como um espelho da realidade da história da emigrao.
Resumo:
This present work has the aim of reconstruct the biographical profile and the practices of the professor and journalist Julia Medeiros in the county of Caico, State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the 1920 s and 1930 s, justified by the visibility of this professor during the construction of the lettered society from the mentioned State and the participation in potiguar press. How were the women and educator s representations in the 1920 s and 1930 s ? With the aim to get answers, I use as sources, the Public Archive of Rio Grande do Norte and the Geographical and Historical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, the newspaper of that time, as the available issues of Jornal das Moas (1923-1932), magazines, letters, pictures, and interviews with relatives, ex-students and friends of this intellectual woman. It was noticed that she stood out as a professor at School Group of Senador Guerra and as a journalist, sending opinions about everyday life. With this analysis, it configures, in part, her time and the history of education in Rio Grande do Norte, with the participation of teachers. Despite of her importance during the construction of education and citizenship of women, Julia Medeiros lived the two sides of the same coin: visibilty and anonymity
Resumo:
This work analyses pedagogical practices of Adelle Sobral de Oliveira, from 1900 to 1940, in order to notice how her performance as educator and administrator took place in Externato Angelo Varela in the Rio Grande do Norte city of Cear-Mirim within a time in which the public teaching started to be considered modern in the State. Adelle was a self learner who developed an important role as a mentality mentor of a generation in the region. As the research corpus we have taken the five Reading Books written by Felisberto de Carvalho used by Adelle in her Externato, interviews with her ex-students and researches in the newspapers of her time, in the Public Archives and in the Historical and Geographic Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, and also in the governors messages, Education Department documents such as laws, and government decrees and acts. It was also taken as a research font the Publich Archives of Cear-Mirim. The aim of this PhD thesis is understand the primary instruction spreading and modernization in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte, which began with her teaching pedagogical practices. The research results show Adele Oliveira used practical and experimental modern methodological teaching methods in the subjects she taught. Due to this, in her scholar routine, she avoided physical punishment and mechanical teaching and learning strategies
Resumo:
Le thme de cette dissertation est l Histoire de l ducation de la femme. Une analyse des pratiques culturelles de la professeur Anayde da Costa Beiriz (1905-1930), dans le contexte paraibanais du dbut du XXe sicle, est propose. Le rfrentiel thoricomthodologique de l Histoire Culturelle est utilis, pour aller contre l histoire passe sous silence dans le canon traditionnel. Base sur le concept de reprsentation (Chartier, 1990), rompant avec les anciennes ides de sens intrinsque, absolu, unique, lie aux pratiques complexes, multiples et diffrencies, qui construisent le monde comme reprsentation. Base aussi sur le concept de configuration (Elias, 1980), en comprenant que apparemment individu et socit sont deux objets qui existent indpendamment, mais en vrit, se rapportent deux niveaux insparables du monde social, sont unis par des liens d interdpendance. Un dialogue est recherch entre le pass et le prsent et les diffrentes dimensions: historique, sociale, politique et culturelle vcues par la professeur Anayde Beiriz. Pour obtenir des informations sur ses pratiques culturelles, une recherche des marques de cette histoire dans de multiples sources est effectue: dans la bibliographie disponible parmi les domaines de la littrature, de l histoire, ds sciences sociales et de l ducation; dans des archives de l Institut Historique et Gographique de la Paraiba et de Natal; dans les Bibliothques de l Universit Fdrale de la Paraiba et du Rio Grande do Norte et chez des bouquinistes. L inventaire comprend: des priodiques, la lgislation en vigueur, des crits de contemporains, ds tmoignages oraux de parents, des lettres et des photos. On comprend de cette faon, que l ide d plucher au travers de cette tude, des aspects qui n ont pas encore t vus et rappels, peut non seulement rpondre nos doutes, mais, peut partir de la rflexion qui se fait, se traduire par une nouvelle comprhension de cette histoire. En conclusion, des significations multiples sont contenues dans le processus d insertion de la femme dans l ducation partir des coles Normales, qui englobent les relations de genre, l histoire du pouvoir, de la morale, de surpassement, des luttes et insatisfactions. On peroit l hritage de rsistances et de conqutes. Cela a t sous l inspiration des airs de la modernit avec la Belle poque, en rpercutant dans le monde et aussi dans la Parahyba du Nord, que s est concrtise la formation sociale de la professeur Anayde Beiriz et des femmes de son temps. L analyse de l criture de soi confirme le discours normatif du contrle moral social, le joug et les prjugs soufferts par Anayde Beiriz et l ducation diffrenci de genre qui ont dtermin ses habitudes et coutumes. C est-dire, pour la femme, la permanence dans l espace priv, la retenue, l anoblissement des tches mnagres et de la maternit comme sa plus haute aspiration, le support moral de la famille, la prservation de la tradition et la perptuation des rgles religieuses
Resumo:
This paper treats confessional printings as a non formal space for the female education. It reflects on the importance of the woman s role to the diffusion of Protestantism in general, and its Presbyterian trend in particular, besides commenting on the proliferation of printings at the First Republic and its relation with education. In this study, Brazilian Northeastern is seen as a relevant space to the diffusion of Protestantism in Brazil; especially on what concerns the relations between Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco. Thereby some fountains were fundamental, as the confessional printings, that is, newspapers, magazines, prospects and other materials recollected in archives located in Natal/RN and Recife/PE, and So Paulo. It was also provided a brief incursion on Portuguese confessional printings kept in Oporto, PT. New Cultural History was chosen as theoretic-methodological guide, franchising ways inside the history of book and reading with the help of concepts like Interdependence, Social Configuration (ELIAS, 1993, 1994) and Representation (CHARTIER, 1990), considering that the survey worked out culture-manufactured products that is, intentional materials. It is well known that publishing, or better, the dissemination of printed material used to be associated to Protestants missionary practices since Reform began and, as what concerns the investigated period, in Portuguese and Brazilian lands indistinctly. Printing material in general books, booklets, fragments, as well as the press itself played a central role in divulging reformed ideas, their social options and the means of being and intervening in the world. In this regard, the confessional printings established themselves as an educative, although non schooled, informal space, but, all considered, relevant, seen that they dialogue with another important demand of that social group: formal, literate education. Because it dealt with the diffusion of a printed culture supported by the written word, it required of that group a different modus operandi: formal education. The first letters schools at first, then the high schools later represented spaces established for the circulation of printing material in order that they should be read, divulged and comprehended. This survey intends at last to take a look at Protestantism which, in this context of self-affirmation, reserved a specific place to woman by working out a non formal educational proposal disseminated by printing material. Three models were highlighted in the reformed proposal: Christian education in itself, household education, whose references of motherhood and care towards the neighbor were present and, at last, education to the public space, with emphasis on the practice of teaching. This study also offers a brief dialogue between Brazil and Portugal because, when some periodic printing, book or something like that got to be published in one margin of the Atlantic Ocean, the other margin surely was affected by that feat, received it, divulged it, corroborating the argument in support of the circulation of these printings. It was not only the same language that survived in both maritime coasts; some protestant specificities also crossed out along that sea
Resumo:
This study aims to reconstruct the story of Education of the School called Desembargador Vicente de Lemos in the city of Senador Eli de Souza in Rio Grande do Norte in Natal- Brazil. This is done considering activities that were realized by the teacher Anlia Maciel. Since the worl deals with an investigation that is related to Cultural History field, the research emphasized the school as well as the presence of female teachers, in particular Anlia Maciel. Concepts present in the work of Chartier (1990), Burke (1992), Le Goff (1992) and Morais (2002) were used in order to comprehend the transformation process in which local schools have been through. This is also done considering the state educational actions of behalf of the teacher. The documental fonts regarded available records such as Governmental correspondence, Law and Decrees. The information fonts used were available at the The Geographical and Historical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte as well as the State s Public Archive. Other information fonts were newspapers such as A Repblica, Dirio de Natal and Tribuna do Norte. Some people that were contemporary with the teacher and were there when the school was created were interviewed. Discourses from the decades of 1930 and 1940 were analyzed. The research was guided by the History of Education and Scholar Institution field of analysis. The research also allows to reflect on the pedagogical practices of the time and permits to understand a past-still present -as well as all the development of process that the education went through in the historical context of the city of Senador Eli de Souza. It was also possible to acknowledge that the creation of the school represented thoroughly a landmark in the education in this city and it contributed in a determinant manner for the formation of the students
Resumo:
Cette tude analyse La pratique pdagogique de l ducateur norte-rio-grandense Nestor dos Santos Lima, de 1910 a 1930, priode ou se concentre son plus grand nombre de publications sur ls questions scolaires. Nous dsirons comprendre de quelle forme cet intelectuel a contribu au dveloppement du systeme d enseignement primaire travers ss crits sur ls principes et mthodes de l enseignement de la lecture et l criture, appliqus dans ls Groupes Scolaires de l tat. Nestor Lima a jou um grand role dans la sociat, la tet de fonctoins comme celle de La prsidence de l Institut Historique e Geographique du Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN), directeur de lcole Normale de Natal et du Dpartament d Education de tat. Il a puli de diverses oeuvres de caractere scolaire, comme ls Rgiments Internes pour ls Groupes Scolaires, coles Isoles, coles Rudimentaires et Conseil d Education. Dans cette tude, nous mettons em vidence ls leons de mtodologique pour l enseignement de la lecture ET de vidence ls leons de metodologie pour l enseignement de la lecture et de l ecriture, adresses aus eleves de lcole Normale de Natal, publies dans la colonne Pdagogie du journal A Repblica. Dans ces matirs, nous observons que ls aspects qui composaient la pratique dveloppe par Nestor Lima impliquaient ls questions Morales et civiques, la preocupation de la formation enseignante l cole Normale de Natal et le Clibat Pdagogique Fminin. Nous observons que la preocupations ds pratiques de lecture et lcriture sont presentes dans l oeuvre de cet ducateur comme legs important aux gnrations qui se succdent. Il est vident qu Il a cherch das ss productions une meilleure qualification ds enseignants pour que le niveau de l enseignement primaire pusse ainsi voluer
Resumo:
This research aims to analyze the concept of childhood in the dimension of educational practice, which is present in the regimental school and historically constructed power relations during the period 1910 to 1930, in Rio Grande do Norte. To contextualize this study, it is necessary to address the Bylaws of the School Groups (1915), the Internal Isolated Schools (1925) and Education Reform (1916). The expansion of education in the State, aiming at preparing the individual for the new capitalist social order was the concern of all governments of the first republic. During this period, the school is conceived as a privileged scenario of a set of practices aimed at disciplining the children, to explore, in some respects, the concept of childhood. Over time, this cocepo was constructed historically. In addition, the school receives children, which in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, are inserted into an educational process in line with the state, embodied in laws, regulations and school discursive practices
Resumo:
Les initiatives du gouvernement ayant pour finalit une rorganisation de la structure urbaine de la ville au dbut du XXme sicle refltent le dsir vcu par les membres de l'lite locale d'encadrer Natal dans les moules des grands centres urbains de la mme priode. Les lites dsiraient transformer Natal dans une ville moderne. Dans ce but, le gouvernement s'est engag dans la reformulation de quelques espaces physiques de la ville. Nanmoins, il fallait aussi d autres que les transformations urbaines, la ville devrait passer par des rformes sociales. De cette faon, ces groupes ont cres des nouvelles institutions et espaces de sociabilit qui affirmeraient la capitale de l'tat comme une ville moderne. Les institutions formelles avaient un rle imortant dans la construction de cette nouvelle ville convoite par l'lite locale. Ainsi, travers celles-ci, se diffusaient des nouvelles pratiques sociales qui seraient refltes dans les espaces urbains. Dans des places tels, des cafs, des clubs et associations sportives, l'lite se distinguait du populaire. Dans ces places, leurs pratiques taient lgitimes, en contrepoint avec les pratiques populaires. C tait dans les clubs et par les activits pratiques par leurs membres que les idals de l'lite circulaient, c tait par l que l'lite se formait et se transformait. De cette faon, les aspirations d'un groupe social refltaient dans l'organisation sociale des espaces de la ville
Resumo:
The Brazilian city of Natal, located between river, sea and dunes, rises up as a peculiar, unique landscape. A landscape made by the junction of what we can call two natures, the first one most known as "native" and the other properly recognized as antr6pica. This landscape has been changing throughout the time as a result of human working activities. In this process of landscape changing, some influent people such as medicine doctors, people from govemment, and also technicians took place and gave their contributions based on hygiene and salubrity principles, since the early years of xx century. They intended to bring up to the Natal s citzens a legacy of new concept of healthier life, as free as possible from pathogenic agents
Resumo:
Dans les premires dcennies du XXme sicle, un groupe d intellectuels brsiliens a pris pour soi la mission de conduire la nation aux chemins du progrs, en rflchissant sur les transformations des villes et, souvent, en proposant et en mettant en avant des actions et mesures qui dirigeraient la modernisation du pays. Dans ce contexte, la ville apparaissait comme un synonyme de progrs en opposition la campagne, en donnant emphase la construction du Brsil urbain. Natal, celui-ci a t une priode de sensible modification dans l espace urbain, en suivant les prceptes de l hyginisme et de l esthtique racionaliste, qui ont orient les rformes entreprises dans beaucoup de villes brsiliennes. Les lites politiques et socioconomiques de la capitale du Rio Grande do Norte ont developp le discours en faveur de la modernisation qui avait pour objectif de justifier les interventions dans la ville et l introduction de l infra-structure de services urbains, par exemple, les services d illumination et de transport, qui partir de 1911, ont commenc tre stimuls par l lectricit. Cette modernisation est matrialise par de nouveaux quipements et services, par des espaces remodels en accord avec la rationalit technique de l urbaniste, pour l utilisation de nouvelles sources d nergie (gaz, lectricit), en plus de la croissance de la population rsidente en ville. Cependant, nous ne pouvons pas oublier que la construction de la ville moderne est passe tant par des transformations physiques, matrielles, comme par l absorption de valeurs, symboles, gestes, vocabulaires, objets, adoptions de nouvelles normes de comportement et par la formation de nouvelles sensibilits sur l espace urbain et la vie en ville. De cette manire, les nouvelles normes technologiques, comme l lectricit, ont rendu possible des transformations dans la structure matrielle de la ville et en vie urbaine dans ses plus divers aspects. Ce travail propose d analyser la relation entre nergie lectrique et la vie urbaine Natal entre 1911 et 1940, en prenant en compte, pour cela, les actions d intervention de l tat sur l espace urbain et les perceptions d intellectuels face aux transformations urbaines dont ils taient les tmoins. partir de cette analyse, nous cherchons prciser les efforts gouvernementaux pour la manutention des services d lectricit et conservation des quipements urbains; comprendre comment l utilisation d nergie lectrique a aid produire de nouvelles situations quotidiennes et comment elle a t perue, traduite en sentiments et perceptions fondes dans la cohabitation avec cette innovation technique. Les lites locales dsiraient diffuser des habitudes consideres modernes, en construisant une identification avec la manire de vie urbaine, fortement inspire dans la vie dans les villes Europennes et Amricaines. L lectricit a rendu possible des expriences et sensations qui allaient caractriser l habitant de la ville
