Gene expression changes associated with myocarditis and fibrosis in hearts of mice with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy

Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of heart failure in Latin American countries. About 30% of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals develop this severe symptomatic form of the disease, characterized by intense inflammatory response accompanied by fibrosis in the heart.We performed an extensive microarray analysis of hearts from a mouse model of this disease and identified significant alterations in expression of ~12% of the sampled genes. Extensive up-regulations were associated with immune-inflammatory responses (chemokines, adhesion molecules, cathepsins, and major histocompatibility complex molecules) and fibrosis (extracellular matrix components, lysyl oxidase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1). Our results indicate potentially relevant factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease that may provide newtherapeutic targets in chronic Chagas disease. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Seminario sobre regulación de servicios de infraestructura: agua y electricidad

Incluye Bibliografía

Seminar on the regulation of public utilities: water and electricity

Includes bibliography

Lineamientos de política pública para el sector de agua potable y saneamiento

Incluye bibliografía

Local electromethanical properties of the CaCu 3Ti 4O 12 ceramics

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) was used to probe piezoelectric vibrations and local conductivity in CaCu 3Ti 4O 12 (CCTO) ceramics at room temperature. Piezoelectric contrast was observed on the polished surfaces of CCTO in both vertical (out-of-plane) and lateral (in-plane) modes and depended on the grain orientation varying in sign and amplitude. The piezoelectric contrast is shown to be controlled by the electrical bias (local poling) and displayed a ferroelectric-like reversible hysteresis accompanied with a change of the phase of piezoelectric signal. Flexoelectric effect (strain-gradient-induced polarization) due to surface relaxation was invoked to explain the observed contrast inside the grains. © 2010 Materials Research Society.

Participación privada en la prestación de los servicios de agua: modalidades para la participación privada en la prestación de los servicios de agua

Incluye Bibliografía

Los precios, la propiedad y los mercados en la asignación del agua

Incluye Bibliografía

Prices, property and markets in water allocation

Includes bibliography

Private participation in the provision of water services: alternative means for private participation in the provision of water services

Includes bibliography

Administración del agua en América Latina: situación actual y perspectivas

Incluye Bibliografía

Integrando economía, legislación y administración en la gestión del agua y sus servicios en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Water governance for development and sustainability

Includes bibliography

Servicios urbanos de agua potable y alcantarillado en Chile: factores determinantes del desempeño

Incluye Bibliografía

Revisiting privatization, foreign investment, international arbitration, and water

Includes bibliography

Contabilidad regulatoria, sustentabilidad financiera y gestión mancomunada: temas relevantes en servicios de agua y saneamiento

Incluye Bibliografía