641 resultados para MPEG REL
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目录
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=1">1.1 化合物的生成焓,反应焓及燃烧热
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=5">1.2 热化学定律
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=6">1.3 热力学平衡与自由能,化学平衡与反应自由能
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=7">1.4 质量作用定律及可逆反应的平衡常数
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=8">1.5 平衡常数和标准反应自由能的关系
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=12">1.6 温度和压力对平衡常数的影响
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=12">1.7 绝热火焰温度计算
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=15">1.8 化学动力学中采用的几个基本概念和定义
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=17">1.9 反应的分类
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=18">1.10 阿累尼乌斯(Arrhenius)定律
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=19">1.11 双分子反应碰撞理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=21">1.12 反应分子数及反应级数
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=22">1.13 影响化学反应的因素
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=24">1.14 链锁反应
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=29">2.1 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=29">2.2 多组分气体基本参量
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=31">2.3 分子输运基本定律
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=34">2.4 基本守恒方程
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=42">2.5 泽尔多维奇(?enb??、)转换和广义雷诺比拟
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=44">2.6 斯蒂芬(Stefan)流和相分界面上边界条件
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=50">3.1 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=51">3.2 着火的热自燃理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=71">3.3 开口系统(气流)中的热自燃分析
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=74">3.4 点燃理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=87">3.5 简单开口系统的着火、灭火分析
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=92">3.6 朗格威尔的均匀搅拌反应器理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=94">3.7 着火的链式反应理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=99">4.1 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=99">4.2 相对静止高温环境中液滴的蒸发和燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=105">4.3 强迫气流中液滴蒸发和燃烧―薄膜理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=108">4.4 数值解
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=111">5.1 燃烧波的两种形式――缓燃(或火焰正常传播)及爆震
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=117">5.3 马兰特和利-恰及利耶的简化分析法
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=118">5.4 层流火焰传播速度的无量纲分析法
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=120">5.5 泽尔多维奇和弗朗克-卡门涅茨基的分区近似解
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=122">5.6 分区近似解的改进
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=124">5.7 精确解
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=128">5.8 物理化学参数对S1的影响及对火焰厚度的影响
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=132">5.9 火焰传播界限
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=135">5.10 用层流火焰传播速度计算化学动力参数的方法
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=134">5.11 火焰的基本性质及火焰的几何学
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=137">5.12 本生灯火焰稳定的条件
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=144">5.13 层流火焰传播速度的实验测定
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=146">5.14 单组元燃料滴燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=153">6.1 湍流燃烧的一般特点
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=154">6.2 非均匀湍流场的数学模型及雷诺应力的处理方法
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=166">6.4 钝体后方的湍流燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=169">6.5 突扩口回流区燃烧的数值计算模型
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=172">7.1 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=175">7.2 简化热理论
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=178">7.3 朗格威尔的均匀搅拌反应器模型
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=180">7.4 逆向射流稳定火焰
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=157">7.5 气―液两相火焰稳定
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=183">8.1 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=184">8.2 湍流射流的基本方程
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=185">8.3 湍流圆柱形自由射流的解
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=187">8.4 湍流射流中的扩散燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=189">8.4. 火焰的形状
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=193">8.5 纵向受限射流火焰
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=196">9.1 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=191">9.2 喷嘴特性及雾化特性
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=274">9.3 高温条件下两相流中浓度场的简化分析
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=232">9.3.4 高温气流中直流式喷嘴后方燃油浓度场计算方法
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=238">9.4 液雾燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=239">9.4.2 一维滴群扩散燃烧(Spaldlng-Priem-HaameaRo模型)
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=240">9.4.3 一维滴间燃烧的Misse模型
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=241">9.4.4 液雾两相燃烧的多维模型
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=245">10.l 引言
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=249">10.3 挥发份的燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=251">10.4 碳粒非均相反应的物理描述
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=253">10.5 纯扩散控制的碳粒表面非均相燃烧模型
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=256">10.6 扩散与动力控制的碳粒表面燃烧
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=259">10.7 具有容积反应的碳粒燃烧模型
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=267">10.8 碳粒燃烧中的内孔效应和覆盖层的影响
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10095979&page=269">10.9 碳粒的着火和灭火理论
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目录
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=1">A.1.引雷
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=2">A.2.基本方程
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=10">A.3.粘性应力和热通量
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=15">A.4.基本方程的积分形式
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=19">A.5.相似性和流动参数
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=24">A.6.理想气体
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=26">A.7.理想气体的非绝热流动.环量与涡量
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=34">A.8.理想气体的绝热流动.伯努利方程
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=36">A.9.无旋流.速度势
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=39">A.10.无旋流的变分法
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=41">A.11.绝热定常流
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=46">A.12.二维定常均能流.流函数
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=51">A.13.二维定常无旋流.速度面变换
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=55">A.14.对完全气体律的偏离
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=58">A.15.一般正交坐标系中的运动方程的表达式
- rel="nofollow" href="http://book.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail.jhtml?id=10347140&page=66">A.16.参考文献
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[ES] La presión que la sociedad ejerce sobre sus miembros hace que , exista un tendencia generalizada a la excesiva preocupación por el peso y la apariencia física. Se estudiaron las actitudes frente al peso de 526 estudiantes, 158 hombres y 368 mujeres. Muestran un deseo de ser más delgados de lo que son aunque consideran su peso menor al saludable.
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Fluvial systems form landscapes and sedimentary deposits with a rich hierarchy of structures that extend from grain- to valley scale. Large-scale pattern formation in fluvial systems is commonly attributed to forcing by external factors, including climate change, tectonic uplift, and sea-level change. Yet over geologic timescales, rivers may also develop large-scale erosional and depositional patterns that do not bear on environmental history. This dissertation uses a combination of numerical modeling and topographic analysis to identify and quantify patterns in river valleys that form as a consequence of river meandering alone, under constant external forcing. Chapter 2 identifies a numerical artifact in existing, grid-based models that represent the co-evolution of river channel migration and bank strength over geologic timescales. A new, vector-based technique for bank-material tracking is shown to improve predictions for the evolution of meander belts, floodplains, sedimentary deposits formed by aggrading channels, and bedrock river valleys, particularly when spatial contrasts in bank strength are strong. Chapters 3 and 4 apply this numerical technique to establishing valley topography formed by a vertically incising, meandering river subject to constant external forcing—which should serve as the null hypothesis for valley evolution. In Chapter 3, this scenario is shown to explain a variety of common bedrock river valley types and smaller-scale features within them—including entrenched channels, long-wavelength, arcuate scars in valley walls, and bedrock-cored river terraces. Chapter 4 describes the age and geometric statistics of river terraces formed by meandering with constant external forcing, and compares them to terraces in natural river valleys. The frequency of intrinsic terrace formation by meandering is shown to reflect a characteristic relief-generation timescale, and terrace length is identified as a key criterion for distinguishing these terraces from terraces formed by externally forced pulses of vertical incision. In a separate study, Chapter 5 utilizes image and topographic data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to quantitatively identify spatial structures in the polar layered deposits of Mars, and identifies sequences of beds, consistently 1-2 meters thick, that have accumulated hundreds of kilometers apart in the north polar layered deposits.
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Erosion is concentrated in steep landscapes such that, despite accounting for only a small fraction of Earth’s total surface area, these areas regulate the flux of sediment to downstream basins, and their rugged morphology records transient changes (or lack thereof) in geologic and climatic forcing. Steep landscapes are geomorphically active; large sediment fluxes and rapid landscape evolution rates can create or destroy habitat for humans and wildlife alike, and landslides, debris flows, and floods common in mountainous areas represent a persistent natural and structural hazard. Despite the central role that steep landscapes play in the geosciences and in landscape management, the processes controlling their evolution have been poorly studied compared to lower-gradient areas. This thesis focuses on the basic mechanics of sediment transport and bedrock incision in steep landscapes, as these are the fundamental processes which set the pace and style of landscape evolution. Chapter 1 examines the spatial distribution of slow-moving landslides; these landslides can dominate sediment fluxes to river networks, but the controls on their occurrence are poorly understood. Using a case-study along the San Andreas Fault, California, I show that slow-moving landslides preferentially occur near the fault, suggesting a rock-strength control on landslide distribution. Chapter 2 provides the first field-measurements of incipient sediment motion in streams steeper than 14% and shows a large influence of slope-dependent flow hydraulics and grain-scale roughness on particle motion. Chapter 3 presents experimental evidence for bedrock erosion by suspended sediment, suggesting that, in contrast to prevailing theoretical predictions, suspension-regime transport in steep streams can be the dominant erosion agent. Steep streams are often characterized by the presence of waterfalls and bedrock steps which can have locally high rates of erosion; Chapters 4 and 5 present newly developed, experimentally validated theory on sediment transport through and bedrock erosion in waterfall plunge pools. Finally, Chapter 6 explores the formation of a bedrock slot canyon where interactions between sediment transport and bedrock incision lead to the formation of upstream-propagating bedrock step-pools and waterfalls.
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My focus in this thesis is to contribute to a more thorough understanding of the mechanics of ice and deformable glacier beds. Glaciers flow under their own weight through a combination of deformation within the ice column and basal slip, which involves both sliding along and deformation within the bed. Deformable beds, which are made up of unfrozen sediment, are prevalent in nature and are often the primary contributors to ice flow wherever they are found. Their granular nature imbues them with unique mechanical properties that depend on the granular structure and hydrological properties of the bed. Despite their importance for understanding glacier flow and the response of glaciers to changing climate, the mechanics of deformable glacier beds are not well understood.
Our general approach to understanding the mechanics of bed deformation and their effect on glacier flow is to acquire synoptic observations of ice surface velocities and their changes over time and to use those observations to infer the mechanical properties of the bed. We focus on areas where changes in ice flow over time are due to known environmental forcings and where the processes of interest are largely isolated from other effects. To make this approach viable, we further develop observational methods that involve the use of mapping radar systems. Chapters 2 and 5 focus largely on the development of these methods and analysis of results from ice caps in central Iceland and an ice stream in West Antarctica. In Chapter 3, we use these observations to constrain numerical ice flow models in order to study the mechanics of the bed and the ice itself. We show that the bed in an Iceland ice cap deforms plastically and we derive an original mechanistic model of ice flow over plastically deforming beds that incorporates changes in bed strength caused by meltwater flux from the surface. Expanding on this work in Chapter 4, we develop a more detailed mechanistic model for till-covered beds that helps explain the mechanisms that cause some glaciers to surge quasi-periodically. In Antarctica, we observe and analyze the mechanisms that allow ocean tidal variations to modulate ice stream flow tens of kilometers inland. We find that the ice stream margins are significantly weakened immediately upstream of the area where ice begins to float and that this weakening likely allows changes in stress over the floating ice to propagate through the ice column.
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This thesis is an investigation into the nature of data analysis and computer software systems which support this activity.
The first chapter develops the notion of data analysis as an experimental science which has two major components: data-gathering and theory-building. The basic role of language in determining the meaningfulness of theory is stressed, and the informativeness of a language and data base pair is studied. The static and dynamic aspects of data analysis are then considered from this conceptual vantage point. The second chapter surveys the available types of computer systems which may be useful for data analysis. Particular attention is paid to the questions raised in the first chapter about the language restrictions imposed by the computer system and its dynamic properties.
The third chapter discusses the REL data analysis system, which was designed to satisfy the needs of the data analyzer in an operational relational data system. The major limitation on the use of such systems is the amount of access to data stored on a relatively slow secondary memory. This problem of the paging of data is investigated and two classes of data structure representations are found, each of which has desirable paging characteristics for certain types of queries. One representation is used by most of the generalized data base management systems in existence today, but the other is clearly preferred in the data analysis environment, as conceptualized in Chapter I.
This data representation has strong implications for a fundamental process of data analysis -- the quantification of variables. Since quantification is one of the few means of summarizing and abstracting, data analysis systems are under strong pressure to facilitate the process. Two implementations of quantification are studied: one analagous to the form of the lower predicate calculus and another more closely attuned to the data representation. A comparison of these indicates that the use of the "label class" method results in orders of magnitude improvement over the lower predicate calculus technique.
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Cancer chemotherapy has advanced from highly toxic drugs to more targeted treatments in the last 70 years. Chapter 1 opens with an introduction to targeted therapy for cancer. The benefits of using a nanoparticle to deliver therapeutics are discussed. We move on to siRNA in particular, and why it would be advantageous as a therapy. Specific to siRNA delivery are some challenges, such as nuclease degradation, quick clearance from circulation, needing to enter cells, and getting to the cytosol. We propose the development of a nanoparticle delivery system to tackle these challenges so that siRNA can be effective.
Chapter 2 of this thesis discusses the synthesis and analysis of a cationic mucic acid polymer (cMAP) which condenses siRNA to form a nanoparticle. Various methods to add polyethylene glycol (PEG) for stabilizing the nanoparticle in physiologic solutions, including using a boronic acid binding to diols on mucic acid, forming a copolymer of cMAP with PEG, and creating a triblock with mPEG on both ends of cMAP. The goal of these various pegylation strategies was to increase the circulation time of the siRNA nanoparticle in the bloodstream to allow more of the nanoparticle to reach tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention effect. We found that the triblock mPEG-cMAP-PEGm polymer condensed siRNA to form very stable 30-40 nm particles that circulated for the longest time – almost 10% of the formulation remained in the bloodstream of mice 1 h after intravenous injection.
Chapter 3 explores the use of an antibody as a targeting agent for nanoparticles. Some antibodies of the IgG1 subtype are able to recruit natural killer cells that effect antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to kill the targeted cell to which the antibody is bound. There is evidence that the ADCC effect remains in antibody-drug conjugates, so we wanted to know whether the ADCC effect is preserved when the antibody is bound to a nanoparticle, which is a much larger and complex entity. We utilized antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor with similar binding and pharmacokinetics, cetuximab and panitumumab, which differ in that cetuximab is an IgG1 and panitumumab is an IgG2 (which does not cause ADCC). Although a natural killer cell culture model showed that gold nanoparticles with a full antibody targeting agent can elicit target cell lysis, we found that this effect was not preserved in vivo. Whether this is due to the antibody not being accessible to immune cells or whether the natural killer cells are inactivated in a tumor xenograft remains unknown. It is possible that using a full antibody still has value if there are immune functions which are altered in a complex in vivo environment that are intact in an in vitro system, so the value of using a full antibody as a targeting agent versus using an antibody fragment or a protein such as transferrin is still open to further exploration.
In chapter 4, nanoparticle targeting and endosomal escape are further discussed with respect to the cMAP nanoparticle system. A diboronic acid entity, which gives an order of magnitude greater binding (than boronic acid) to cMAP due to the vicinal diols in mucic acid, was synthesized, attached to 5kD or 10kD PEG, and conjugated to either transferrin or cetuximab. A histidine was incorporated into the triblock polymer between cMAP and the PEG blocks to allow for siRNA endosomal escape. Nanoparticle size remained 30-40 nm with a slightly negative ca. -3 mV zeta potential with the triblock polymer containing histidine and when targeting agents were added. Greater mRNA knockdown was seen with the endosomal escape mechanism than without. The nanoparticle formulations were able to knock down the targeted mRNA in vitro. Mixed effects suggesting function were seen in vivo.
Chapter 5 summarizes the project and provides an outlook on siRNA delivery as well as targeted combination therapies for the future of personalized medicine in cancer treatment.
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129 p.
Resumo:
Tendo como objeto de análise capas da revista Veja, esta tese pretende verificar, por meio da observação analítica desses arranjos sígnicos, em sua materialidade textual bem como nos diálogos que estabelecem com o mundo, as suas tendências ideológicas e as marcas de sua argumentatividade constitutiva, de modo a tornar relativo o conceito de texto de informação que costuma recobrir o objeto em análise. Fazem parte do percurso teórico da pesquisa estudos e reflexões sobre: noções de textualidade e de gênero textual; teoria da argumentação; interferência de elementos exteriores ao texto para a produção do sentido; teoria semiótica de base peirceana; estratégias e mecanismos presentes nas representações discursivas feitas pela mídia. Colocam-se, dessa forma, os estudos da língua e das linguagens como instrumentos capazes de, pelas vias da ciência, fazer ver os encaminhamentos argumentativos propostos nesses textos. São, portanto, considerados e analisados os elementos que, prestando-se à representação do real, imprimem ao/no texto marcas do(s) sujeito(s) sociohistórico(s) que, conforme as lições bakhtinianas, nele se presentifica(m) e, através dele, atua(m) intersubjetivamente
Resumo:
A presente tese de doutorado propõe-se a investigar o lúdico como um ingrediente das situações de trabalho. Tem-se como referência teórica os materiais oriundos da Ergologia e das abordagens clinicas sobre trabalho: Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e Clinica da Atividade. Os autores pesquisados concordam que independentemente de época histórica, cultura e classe social, jogar e brincar fazem parte da vida da criança, onde real e imaginário se confundem. O jogo constitui uma função tão fundamental para a humanidade quanto a razão e a fabricação de objetos. A cultura possui um caráter essencialmente lúdico; é no jogo e pelo jogo que a civilização surge e se desenvolve. O brincar é uma atividade humana universal, própria da saúde, fundamento de todo o viver criativo, assim como da arte e da cultura. O próprio homem medieval é muito sensível ao lúdico e convive a cada instante com o riso e com a brincadeira. O foco desta pesquisa foi uma aproximação à realidade do trabalho de alguns integrantes de um Programa Adolescente Trabalhador, com idade entre 14 e 18 anos. O campo empírico foi a Gerência Regional de Logística do Banco do Brasil, situada no bairro do Andaraí, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Sete adolescentes participaram da Comunidade Ampliada de Pesquisa. O trabalho de campo foi norteado pela preocupação em evitar a supremacia do saber científico em relação a saberes advindos da prática. Este trabalho de pesquisa não se propôs a pesquisar a realidade de trabalho dos menores, mas investigar os movimentos discursivos produzidos nos Encontros desta Comunidade de Pesquisa. Conforme a abordagem da Clínica da Atividade chama-se à atenção para vários impedimentos da emergência da dimensão lúdica em função dos constrangimentos da organização do trabalho. Por fim, questiona-se que modos de gestão olham para a realidade e o real do trabalho e da atividade, aceitando o lúdico como foco analítico, incorporando essa reserva de alternativa, investigando toda uma riqueza aí potencialmente presente e desconhecida.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação, partindo da história social da criança, a qual permite a verificação de que o investimento do Outro (representante da cultura) sobre ela é fruto de uma construção que abarca os aspectos políticos e econômicos de uma época, tem como objetivo demonstrar que na cultura atual que lança o sujeito para o imperativo de gozo um vazio nas funções parentais se constituiu, visto que as figuras parentais estão mais voltadas para seus projetos individuais. Assim, novas atenções especializadas surgem como uma tentativa de preenchê-lo, uma vez que estão encarregadas não apenas dos cuidados e educação da criança, mas de seu processo de socialização primária. A existência de um grande número de especialistas em torno da criança aponta para o fato de que a ela são destinados inúmeros olhares e inúmeras palavras que, nos seus excessos, acabam por se transformar em olhares vazios e palavras perdidas. Desta forma, a criança hoje parece ser fruto de um desejo anônimo, onde o Outro regido pelo imperativo de satisfação, não abrindo mão de sua satisfação narcísica, acaba por não sustentar um olhar, uma palavra, comprometendo, assim, a constituição da imagem do corpo daquela e, consequentemente, o seu processo de simbolização. Este é o ponto focado nesta pesquisa: a precariedade desse investimento primordial, que tem como função retirar o infante de um estado de desamparo, na medida em que realiza um contorno ao que é da ordem do real, possibilitando, por conseguinte, outro destino para o excesso pulsional, impedindo a prevalência da pulsão de morte no psiquismo.
Resumo:
A psicose ordinária se insere em um programa de investigação do Campo freudiano que relê a transmissão de Lacan a partir das ferramentas teóricas de seu último ensino. Ela se apoia na constatação de casuísticas onde não acontece o desencadeamento clássico e ruidoso, tal como o da psicose extraordinária. Ao contrário, a sintomatologia é discreta e exige do psicanalista uma atenção redobrada em relação à referência estrutural de uma psicose clássica. Partimos da investigação desta clínica estruturalista das psicoses, do primeiro ensino de Lacan, e avaliamos se o significante Nome-do-Pai persiste como operador único no diagnóstico diferencial. Ou se, desde as modificações introduzidas por Lacan a partir da pluralização do Nome-do-Pai, da inserção dos conceitos de lalíngua e falasser, e da valorização do gozo na clínica mais fluída, borromeana, o operador em questão pode ser substituído pelo sinthoma. A categoria de psicose ordinária reconsidera de uma forma diferenciada a foraclusão deste significante a partir do objeto de gozo, e esclarece a pluralidade de significantes-mestres, que falam do sujeito fora do discurso estabelecido pelo Nome-do-Pai. Em seguida, estudamos dois aforismos lacanianos. O primeiro, todo mundo é louco, isto é, delirante, convoca uma clínica ordenada pela foraclusão generalizada, na qual se inscreve algo da ordem de um não orientado. O segundo, o aforismo a relação sexual não existe, causa impasse em todos os sujeitos. Ambos requerem a resposta do falasser face ao indizível e a construção de uma saída singular, que não passa de um delírio apreendido em uma positividade. Afinal, se a psicanálise de orientação lacaniana institui que todos os discursos são defesas contra o real, e todas as construções da realidade são delirantes, é necessário que cada um invente um modo de saber-fazer com o real.
Resumo:
Este trabalho de dissertação desenvolve o tema da direção do tratamento na clínica da esquizofrenia, a partir da teoria psicanalítica da psicose. Partimos das elaborações de Freud sobre o narcisismo e de seus esclarecimentos acerca do fenômeno da palavra tomada como coisa e da linguagem de órgão. Desenvolvemos os conceitos lacanianos de foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai e do Estádio do espelho, assim como o retorno do simbólico no real e a exterioridade do esquizofrênico em relação ao laço social. Baseamo-nos na hipótese de que a foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai impossibilita o atravessamento do Estádio do espelho na esquizofrenia, acarretando grandes obstáculos para que o sujeito se constitua como um corpo e se torne alguém que sustenta uma unidade corporal. Em consequência, surge o fenômeno hipocondríaco em que o sujeito experimenta o corpo como o Outro absoluto, expressão radical da impossibilidade de alcançar qualquer unificação das pulsões através do significante. Finalmente, aplicamos esses conceitos no estudo de dois casos clínicos visando demonstrar que a paranoização é uma direção possível do tratamento psicanalítico na clínica da esquizofrenia.