Benedo Rojas y Bernardino Vega

Benedo Rojas y Bernardino Vega. La memoría viviente de Ulloa, Diciembre de. C. 1998.

Sistema de planeación y abastecimiento de carnes rojas para grandes felinos del zoológico de Cali

La evaluación del suministro de carnes rojas para grandes felinos representa en el zoológico de Cali una problemática a estudiar. Actualmente los grandes felinos del zoológico son alimentados con animales donados (enfermos o recién fallecidos), después de recibir la donación, se realizan una serie de exámenes para determinar si la carne cumple con los requisitos para alimentar a los leones. De acuerdo al nivel de inventario de carne, se determina si se puede mantener al animal donado con vida, o si debe ser faenado inmediatamente para ser suministrado; en el caso que este ya esté muerto, se determina la causa por medio de exámenes y se establece si debe ser administrado inmediatamente, almacenado o rechazado. Para realizar el proceso anterior, las instalaciones del zoológico cuentan con un matadero sin la infraestructura adecuada y con incinerador para eliminar los residuos de los animales donados, materias fecales y basuras en general. El zoológico de Cali no cuenta con certificados de calidad bajo la normatividad gubernamental, en la alimentación entorno a los grandes felinos, para esto, el zoológico necesitaría eliminar el matadero y el incinerador, tendría que comprar todo su suministro de carnes y tercerizar los desechos. En cuanto a la planeación, el zoológico recoge las donaciones en diferentes municipios del Valle del Cauca y realiza viajes así sea para recoger un solo animal. Esta actividad genera unos costos que no se han estimado.

Los efectos jurídicos en el sistema político salvadoreño y en la constitución de la república, por la jurisprudencia de la Sala de lo Constitucional referente al surgimiento de las candidaturas independientes, el desbloqueo y apertura de las listas de votación

La constitución de 1983 y el sistema político – La política – El sistema democrático –Función de los partidos políticos – El Sistema electoral -- Derecho Constitucional – Los efectos jurídicos.

Diablerie, ou o homem que gostava de listas

Comunicação apresentada no 35º Festival Fazer a Festa, Porto, 26 de abril 2016, no âmbito da homenagem a Manuel João Gomes

Sindicatos Políticos y Economía (1972-1986) San José: Editorial Alma Mater, 1987. (Elisa Donato y Manuel Rojas)

Introducción Sindicatos, política y economía (1972-1986) es un interesante libro sobre la situación del movimiento sindical costarricense y sus perspectivas futuras. Se divide en siete capítulos: el movimiento sindical después de 1978,  el nivel de vida, características estructurales del movimiento sindical en el periodo sindical 1972-1984,  la actividad del movimiento sindical en el periodo (1972-1984),  el estado y el sindicalismo, Sindicatos, empresarios y sacerdotes. El libro muestra un excelente uso de fuentes estadísticas, una buena radiografía del movimiento sindical durante los años 1972-1986, pero como los mismos autores lo señalan “los números solo son parte de la realidad”. A nuestro juicio, los autores no contextualizan, lo suficiente, los datos que arrojan las estadísticas del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.

Reseña de “Las sociedades cacicales de Costa Rica (Siglo XVI)”, de Eugenia Ibarra Rojas

Introducción Los investigadores del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de la Universidad  de Costa Rica ya han publicado cuatro títulos de  la Colección de Historia, entre los cuales se cuenta esta obra de Eugenia Ibarra. El trabajo dentro del grupo del Centro, que tiene diversas especialidades, ha contribuido a que “Las sociedades cacicales,” aunque es  un libro dedicado a ese tema en un siglo especifico, se pueda leer con la sensación de que ese trozo de la historia no esta aislado sino que es parte integra de la totalidad que es todo el acontecer de  la vida humana en el país desde sus inicios hasta el presente.

Delgado Rojas, Jaime; Construcciones supranacionales e integración regional latinoamericana.

Las diversas dimensiones de la integración determinan que ese proceso sea estudiado desde diferentes aspectos: comercial, económico, jurídico –en sentido estricto, el análisis de la normativa–, social, educativo, cultural, espacial. La novedad de este libro es su enfoque filosófico-jurídico.Así el autor explica en la introducción que en la década de 1990 proliferaron negociaciones con la finalidad de adaptar los esquemas existentes a las nuevas tendencias del escenario internacional y a concertar nuevos acuerdos.

Remote monitoring of outdoor performance of low scale dye sensitized solar cells for nanosensors nodes

This is the first outdoor test of small-scale dye sensitized solar cells (DSC) powering a standalone nanosensor node. A solar cell test station (SCTS) has been developed using standard DSC to power a gas nanosensor, a radio transmitter, and the control electronics (CE) for battery charging. The station is remotely monitored through wired (Ethernet cable) or wireless connection (radio transmitter) in order to evaluate in real time the performance of the solar cells powering a nanosensor and a transmitter under different weather conditions. We analyze trends of energy conversion efficiency after 60 days of operation. The 408 cm2 active surface module produces enough energy to power a gas nanosensor and a radio transmitter during the day and part of the night. Also, by using a variable programmable load we keep the system working on the maximum power point (MPP) quantifying the total energy generated and stored in a battery. Although this technology is at an early stage of development, these experiments provide useful data for future outdoor applications such as nanosensor network nodes.

Remote monitoring of outdoor performance of low scale dye sensitized solar cells for nanosensors nodes

This is the first outdoor test of small-scale dye sensitized solar cells (DSC) powering a stand-alone nanosensor node. A solar cell test station (SCTS) has been developed using standard DSC to power a gas nanosensor, a radio transmitter, and the control electronics (CE) for battery charging. The station is remotely monitored through wired (Ethernet cable) or wireless connection (radio transmitter) in order to evaluate in real time the performance of the solar cells and devices under different weather conditions. The 408 cm2 active surface module produces enough energy to power a gas nanosensor and a radio transmitter during the day and part of the night. Also, by using a programmable load we keep the system working on the maximum power point (MPP) quantifying the total energy generated and stored in a battery. These experiments provide useful data for future outdoor applications such as nanosensor networks.

Evaluating the benefits of public bicycle schemes needs to be undertaken carefully

A letter in response to an article by David Rojas-Rueda, Audrey de Nazelle, Marko Tainio, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study. BMJ 2011;343:doi:10.1136/bmj.d4521 (Published 4 August 2011) This paper sets out to compare the health benefits of the Bicing scheme (Barcelona's public bicycle share scheme) with possible risks associated with increased bicycle riding. The key variables used by the researchers include physical activity, exposure to air pollution and road traffic injury. The authors rightly identify that although traffic congestion is often a major motivator behind the establishment of public bicycle share schemes (PBSS), the health benefits may well be the largest single benefit of such schemes. Certainly PBSS appear to be one of the most effective methods of increasing the number of bicycle trips across a population, providing additional transport options and improving awareness of the possibilities bicycles offer urban transport systems. Overall, the paper is a useful addition to the literature, in that it has attempted to assess the health benefits of a large scale PBSS and weighed these against potential risks related to cyclists exposure to air pollution and road traffic injuries. Unfortunately a fundamentally flawed assumption related to the proportion of Bicing trips replacing car journeys invalidates the results of this paper. A future paper with up to date data would create a significant contribution to this emerging area within the field of sustainable transport.

Development of a gas nanosensor node powered by solar cells

This work focuses on the development of a stand-alone gas nanosensor node, powered by solar energy to track concentration of polluted gases such as NO2, N2O, and NH3. Gas sensor networks have been widely developed over recent years, but the rise of nanotechnology is allowing the creation of a new range of gas sensors [1] with higher performance, smaller size and an inexpensive manufacturing process. This work has created a gas nanosensor node prototype to evaluate future field performance of this new generation of sensors. The sensor node has four main parts: (i) solar cells; (ii) control electronics; (iii) gas sensor and sensor board interface [2-4]; and (iv) data transmission. The station is remotely monitored through wired (ethernet cable) or wireless connection (radio transmitter) [5, 6] in order to evaluate, in real time, the performance of the solar cells and sensor node under different weather conditions. The energy source of the node is a module of polycrystalline silicon solar cells with 410cm2 of active surface. The prototype is equipped with a Resistance-To-Period circuit [2-4] to measure the wide range of resistances (KΩ to GΩ) from the sensor in a simple and accurate way. The system shows high performance on (i) managing the energy from the solar panel, (ii) powering the system load and (iii) recharging the battery. The results show that the prototype is suitable to work with any kind of resistive gas nanosensor and provide useful data for future nanosensor networks.

Towards the development of a gas sensor system for monitoring pollutant gases in the low troposphere using small unmanned aerial vehicles

The world is facing problems due to the effects of increased atmospheric pollution, climate change and global warming. Innovative technologies to identify, quantify and assess fluxes exchange of the pollutant gases between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere are required. This paper proposes the development of a gas sensor system for a small UAV to monitor pollutant gases, collect data and geo-locate where the sample was taken. The prototype has two principal systems: a light portable gas sensor and an optional electric–solar powered UAV. The prototype will be suitable to: operate in the lower troposphere (100-500m); collect samples; stamp time and geo-locate each sample. One of the limitations of a small UAV is the limited power available therefore a small and low power consumption payload is designed and built for this research. The specific gases targeted in this research are NO2, mostly produce by traffic, and NH3 from farming, with concentrations above 0.05 ppm and 35 ppm respectively which are harmful to human health. The developed prototype will be a useful tool for scientists to analyse the behaviour and tendencies of pollutant gases producing more realistic models of them.

A portable approach for the surveillance of dengue virus-infected mosquitoes

Dengue virus is the most significant human viral pathogen spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. With no vaccine or antiviral therapy currently available, disease prevention relies largely on surveillance and mosquito control. Preventing the onset of dengue outbreaks and effective vector management would be considerably enhanced through surveillance of dengue virus prevalence in natural mosquito populations. However, current approaches to the identification of virus in field-caught mosquitoes require relatively slow and labor intensive techniques such as virus isolation or RT-PCR involving specialized facilities and personnel. A rapid and portable method for detecting dengue virus-infected mosquitoes is described. Using a hand held battery operated homogenizer and a dengue diagnostic rapid strip the viral protein NS1 was detected as a marker of dengue virus infection. This method could be performed in less than 30 min in the field, requiring no downstream processing, and is able to detect a single infected mosquito in a pool of at least 50 uninfected mosquitoes. The method described in this study allows rapid, real-time monitoring of dengue virus presence in mosquito populations and could be a useful addition to effective monitoring and vector control responses.