Phylogeography and non-invasive landscape genetics of the European pine marten ("martes martes" L. 1758) : insights into ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation

283 p. : graf., map.

Influence of seagrass landscape structure on the juvenile blue crab habitat-survival function

Organismal survival in marine habitats is often positively correlated with habitat structural complexity at local (within-patch) spatial scales. Far less is known, however, about how marine habitat structure at the landscape scale influences predation and other ecological processes, and in particular, how these processes are dictated by the interactive effect of habitat structure at local and landscape scales. The relationship between survival and habitat structure can be modeled with the habitat-survival function (HSF), which often takes on linear, hyperbolic, or sigmoid forms. We used tethering experiments to determine how seagrass landscape structure influenced the HSF for juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. Crabs were tethered in artificial seagrass plots of 7 different shoot densities embedded within small (1 – 3 m2) or large (>100 m2) seagrass patches (October 1999), and within 10 × 10 m landscapes containing patchy (<50% cover) or continuous (>90% cover) seagrass (July 2000). Overall, crab survival was higher in small than in large patches, and was higher in patchy than in continuous seagrass. The HSF was hyperbolic in large patches and in continuous seagrass, indicating that at low levels of habitat structure, relatively small increases in structure resulted in substantial increases in juvenile blue crab survival. However, the HSF was linear in small seagrass patches in 1999 and was parabolic in patchy seagrass in 2000. A sigmoid HSF, in which a threshold level of seagrass structure is required for crab survival, was never observed. Patchy seagrass landscapes are valuable refuges for juvenile blue crabs, and the effects of seagrass structural complexity on crab survival can only be fully understood when habitat structure at larger scales is considered.

How do you change the learning landscape?

Analysis of the Changing the Learning Landscape strategic conversations with senior managers, staff and students in 58 institutions was undertaken in order to identify trends and direction of change in relation to technology-enhanced learning (TEL) and the student experience.

A view of the Assessment and Feedback Landscape: baseline analysis of policy and practice from the JISC Assessment and Feedback programme

Assessment and feedback lies at the heart of the learning experience, and forms a significant part of both academic and administrative workload. It remains however the single biggest source of student dissatisfaction with the higher education experience. The JISC Assessment and Feedback programme (Sept 2011-Aug 2014) is supporting large-scale changes in assessment and feedback practice, supported by technology, with the aim of enhancing the learning and teaching process and delivering efficiencies and quality improvements. This report summarises baseline reviews undertaken by a number of institutions as part of their programme activity.

To pave or not to pave: A social landscape analysis of land use decision-making in the towns of the lamprey watershed

Population pressure in coastal New Hampshire challenges land use decision-making and threatens the ecological health and functioning of Great Bay, an estuary designated as both a NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve and an EPA National Estuary Program site. Regional population in the seacoast has quadrupled in four decades resulting in sprawl, increased impervious surface cover and larger lot rural development (Zankel, et.al., 2006). All of Great Bay’s contributing watersheds face these challenges, resulting in calls for strategies addressing growth, development and land use planning. The communities within the Lamprey River watershed comprise this case study. Do these towns communicate upstream and downstream when making land use decisions? Are cumulative effects considered while debating development? Do town land use groups consider the Bay or the coasts in their decision-making? This presentation, a follow-up from the TCS 2008 conference and a completed dissertation, will discuss a novel social science approach to analyze and understand the social landscape of land use decision-making in the towns of the Lamprey River watershed. The methods include semi-structured interviews with GIS based maps in a grounded theory analytical strategy. The discussion will include key findings, opportunities and challenges in moving towards a watershed approach for land use planning. This presentation reviews the results of the case study and developed methodology, which can be used in watersheds elsewhere to map out the potential for moving towns towards EBM and watershed-scaled, land use planning. (PDF contains 4 pages)

Effects of landscape gradients on wetland vegetation communities: information for large-scale restoration

Projects of the scope of the restoration of the Florida Everglades require substantial information regarding ecological mechanisms, and these are often poorly understood. We provide critical base knowledge for Everglades restoration by characterizing the existing vegetation communities of an Everglades remnant, describing how present and historic hydrology affect wetland vegetation community composition, and documenting change from communities described in previous studies. Vegetation biomass samples were collected along transects across Water Conservation Area 3A South (3AS).

A Comparative study on the onto-epistemological presuppositions in landscape descriptions of romantics and naturalists

Este póster fue presentado en la Summer School on Evolution en Lisboa (15-19 julio de 2013)

Landscape Genetics for the Empirical Assessment of Resistance Surfaces: The European Pine Marten (Martes martes) as a Target-Species of a Regional Ecological Network

Coherent ecological networks (EN) composed of core areas linked by ecological corridors are being developed worldwide with the goal of promoting landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation. However, empirical assessment of the performance of EN designs is critical to evaluate the utility of these networks to mitigate effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Landscape genetics provides a particularly valuable framework to address the question of functional connectivity by providing a direct means to investigate the effects of landscape structure on gene flow. The goals of this study are (1) to evaluate the landscape features that drive gene flow of an EN target species (European pine marten), and (2) evaluate the optimality of a regional EN design in providing connectivity for this species within the Basque Country (North Spain). Using partial Mantel tests in a reciprocal causal modeling framework we competed 59 alternative models, including isolation by distance and the regional EN. Our analysis indicated that the regional EN was among the most supported resistance models for the pine marten, but was not the best supported model. Gene flow of pine marten in northern Spain is facilitated by natural vegetation, and is resisted by anthropogenic landcover types and roads. Our results suggest that the regional EN design being implemented in the Basque Country will effectively facilitate gene flow of forest dwelling species at regional scale.

Proteomic Analysis of the Ubiquitin Landscape in the Drosophila Embryonic Nervous System and the Adult Photoreceptor Cells

Background Ubiquitination is known to regulate physiological neuronal functions as well as to be involved in a number of neuronal diseases. Several ubiquitin proteomic approaches have been developed during the last decade but, as they have been mostly applied to non-neuronal cell culture, very little is yet known about neuronal ubiquitination pathways in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings Using an in vivo biotinylation strategy we have isolated and identified the ubiquitinated proteome in neurons both for the developing embryonic brain and for the adult eye of Drosophila melanogaster. Bioinformatic comparison of both datasets indicates a significant difference on the ubiquitin substrates, which logically correlates with the processes that are most active at each of the developmental stages. Detection within the isolated material of two ubiquitin E3 ligases, Parkin and Ube3a, indicates their ubiquitinating activity on the studied tissues. Further identification of the proteins that do accumulate upon interference with the proteasomal degradative pathway provides an indication of the proteins that are targeted for clearance in neurons. Last, we report the proof-of-principle validation of two lysine residues required for nSyb ubiquitination. Conclusions/Significance These data cast light on the differential and common ubiquitination pathways between the embryonic and adult neurons, and hence will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms by which neuronal function is regulated. The in vivo biotinylation methodology described here complements other approaches for ubiquitome study and offers unique advantages, and is poised to provide further insight into disease mechanisms related to the ubiquitin proteasome system.

Estradas e conectividade na Mata Atlântica: identificando áreas prioritárias para aplicação de medidas de mitigação

As rodovias podem representar um importante fator na fragmentação de habitat para espécies silvestres adaptadas a habitats de alta complexidade estrutural, como as florestas tropicais. As estradas reduzem a conectividade da paisagem e a capacidade da população regional em habitar todas as áreas adequadas e estes efeitos são mais significativos nas espécies que evitam a estrada, que são, muitas vezes, espécies de interior de florestas. A magnitude dos efeitos de barreira dependerá do comportamento e mobilidade destas espécies. Quando as estradas representam ralos (sink) ou barreiras para as populações, devido, respectivamente, aos atropelamentos ou à repulsa, medidas mitigadoras são indicadas para aumentar a conectividade entre as manchas de habitat separadas por essas estradas. A qualidade do habitat é um fator que deve ser considerado, mesmo com baixas frequências de atropelamentos nesses locais. O objetivo desse estudo foi propor dois métodos de seleção de áreas prioritárias para implantação de medidas mitigadoras dos efeitos das estradas sobre espécies de vertebrados florestais: Seleção Hierárquica Multivariada e Seleção Bivariada. A área de estudo foi o bioma Mata Atlântica, sendo recortado em paisagens hexagonais em três escalas diferentes (10.000, 1.000 e 100 km), usando a extensão Repeating Shapes no programa ArcGIS 9.3. Em cada hexágono foram calculados: área de floresta e de Unidade de Conservação, densidade de estradas e de hidrografia. Apenas os hexágonos cobertos por no mínimo 45% pela Mata Atlântica, com mais de 50% de cobertura florestal e mais de 1% de Unidades de Conservação foram incluídos nas análises. Após esta seleção, no método Seleção Hierárquica Multivariada, foi feita uma análise de componentes principais (PCA) com as quatro variáveis medidas, para cada escala separadamente. Os hexágonos foram então ordenados segundo o posicionamento deles no 1 Eixo da PCA de forma hierárquica e da maior para menor escala de hexágonos. Para área de estudo o método de Seleção Bivariada foi construído um gráfico de pontos, para cada escala de hexágono, com as variáveis cobertura florestal e rios. Foram selecionados os hexágonos que estavam localizados no quadrante do gráfico que representasse maior densidade de rios e maior porcentagem de cobertura florestal. Posteriormente foi feita uma simulação para avaliar se os métodos eram capazes de recuperar escores tão alto quanto a ordenação seguindo apenas o posicionamento dos hexágonos no Eixo 1 da PCA, sem uma análise hierárquica. O método de Seleção Hierárquica Multivariada foi mais eficiente para escolha de áreas prioritárias do que a Seleção Bivariada tanto para a escala intermediária (1.000 km) quanto para a menor escala (100 km). Os cinco hexágonos de 100 km mais prioritários estão localizados em São Paulo e Paraná, abrangendo quatro UCs (PARES de Jacupiranga, APA de Guaraqueçaba, APA Cananéia- Jacuípe e PARES da Ilha do Cardoso). Devido à simplicidade e fácil aplicabilidade do método, acredita-se que este pode ser uma opção interessante para escolha de áreas prioritárias para implantação de medidas mitigadoras dos efeitos de estradas