Herpetofauna associada à bromélia rupícola, encholirium spectabile, no semiárido brasileiro: revisão da literatura, ecologia das espécies e comportamento de psychosaura agmosticha (squamata: mabuyidae)

Bromeliads are an important microhabitat for the herpetofauna, for being widely used as refuge from predators and their leaf architecture allows humidity maintenance and relatively constant temperature inside, setting a favorable environment for amphibians and reptiles, especially in areas under hydric stress. However, studies addressing this relationship are still incipient and more concentrated in fitotelmatas bromeliad. For non-fitotelmatas rupicolous bromeliads of the gender Encholirium, which develops into rocky outcrops and contains species of semi-arid regions such as the Caatinga, animal-plant relationships are almost unknown. In this context, this study aimed to know the herpetological fauna inhabitant of macambiras bromeliads, Encholirium spectabile, analyzing occupation and use of these bromeliads by different taxa, and the behavioral ecology of the lizard Psychosaura agmosticha, seeking to identify factors associated with this strict relationship in Caatinga. An extensive review of the world literature on the subject “lizards in bromeliads” subsidized this study from the ecological perspective of this association. The field work was carried out at Fazenda Tanques, municipality of Santa Maria / RN, mesoregion of Agreste Potiguar. The observations and/or data collection in daytime and in the evening was conducted monthly during three consecutive days, from January 2011 to August 2012, totaling 450 hour.man of sampling effort. Sixteen species were registered: six lizards (Mabuyidae, Tropiduridae, Gekkonidae and Phyllodactylidae Families), six snakes (Boidae and Dipsadidae Families) and four of amphibians of Hylidae Family. The effect of the forest edge on the distribution of species along the outcrop was significant, with most species found in outcrop edges. Significant difference was found between some pairs of species concerning use of bromeliads, and almost total niche overlap in the use of microhabitat. 62.5% of the species are nocturnal and use these plants for sheltering, breeding and feeding. Regarding the relations between 4 the lizard Psychosaura agmosticha and macambiras bromeliads, behaviors of thermoregulation and foraging in the dry and wet seasons were recorded. Activity periods were concentrated between 7 and 10 am and between 3 and 5 pm in both seasons, showing a clear bimodal pattern. The species basically used the green leaves and there were no significant differences between males and females in the use of bromeliads. Positive associations were found between body temperature and temperatures of bromeliads and air. This species spent 1.95% ± 3.8 of the time moving (PTM) and moved on average 0:36 ± 2.1 seconds per minute (MPM), with significant differences between the wet and dry to PTM, and between the average time of stop and average duration of movements, being considered a sedentary forager. Psychosaura agmosticha, in the study area, is bromelicolous and uses macambiras primarily for thermoregulation and foraging. The results of this study elevate the rupicolous bromeliads Encholirium spectabile as key elements for the maintenance of amphibians and reptiles associated with it, and a clear advantageous association for the conservation of the groups involved.

Coupled symplectic maps as models for subdiffusive processes in disordered Hamiltonian lattices

Acknowledgements One of us (T. B.) acknowledges many interesting discussions on coupled maps with Professor C. Tsallis. We are also grateful to the anonymous referees for their constructive feedback that helped us improve the manuscript and to the HPCS Laboratory of the TEI of Western Greece for providing the computer facilities where all our simulations were performed. C. G. A. was partially supported by the “EPSRC EP/I032606/1” grant of the University of Aberdeen. This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund - ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALES - Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.

Coupled symplectic maps as models for subdiffusive processes in disordered Hamiltonian lattices

Acknowledgements One of us (T. B.) acknowledges many interesting discussions on coupled maps with Professor C. Tsallis. We are also grateful to the anonymous referees for their constructive feedback that helped us improve the manuscript and to the HPCS Laboratory of the TEI of Western Greece for providing the computer facilities where all our simulations were performed. C. G. A. was partially supported by the “EPSRC EP/I032606/1” grant of the University of Aberdeen. This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund - ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALES - Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.

Las puestas comunales de Hemidactylus boavistensis en la isla de Sal (Archipiélago de Cabo Verde)

[ES]De acuerdo con Pough (1973), los requerimientos metabólicos de un saurio de pequeño tamaño determinan que su dieta deba ser básicamente insectívora. El mismo autor añadía que cuando el lagarto sobrepasa un determinado tamaño esa dieta basada en el consumo exclusivo de artrópodos ya no va a permitirle cubrir sus necesidades energéticas básicas y debe, por eso, buscar alternativas. Aunque en términos generales muchas especies se ajustan bastante bien a estas “reglas” ecofisiológicas, en los últimos 25 años han sido numerosos los trabajos publicados en los que se han recogido ejemplos que contravienen las previsiones de ese modelo, especialmente cuando se trata de lagartos que viven en comunidades insulares (Pérez Mellado & Corti, 1999; Cooper & Vitt, 2002; Espinoza et al., 2004).

Adaptación a la alimentación natural de Gallotia simonyi (Sauria, Lacertidae) en cautividad

[ES] El lagarto gigante de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi) es un lacértido endémico seriamente amenazado de extinción, y objeto de un plan de recuperación que consiste en la cría en cautividad y en la futura reintroducción en un nuevo hábitat. G. simonyi es una especie principalmente herbívora cuya dieta en cautividad no guardaba relación con los alimentos presentes en el área propuesta para la reintroducción. Se ha llevado a cabo una experiencia consistente en cambiar los hábitos alimenticios de un grupo de individuos de G. simonyi mantenidos en cautividad en el Centro de Recuperación del Lagarto Gigante de El Hierro. Se estableció un período de adaptación controlado para comprobar si consumían los elementos vegetales existentes en el área susceptible de ser colonizada.

Liberación experimental de dos lagartos gigantes de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi) criados en cautividad.

[ES] El lagarto gigante de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi machadoi: Lacertidae) es un endemismo insular en peligro de extinción. Tan sólo se conoce una población de pocos ejemplares en la isla de El Hierro (Islas Canarias). En 1986 se inició la cría en cautividad con fines conservacionistas, pero la ausencia de criterios para su reintroducción ha provocado que, actualmente, los efectivos en cautividad superen el tamaño estimado de la población silvestre. Con el fin de calibrar la viabilidad de un plan de reintroducción basado en la liberación de lagartos criados en cautividad, dos machos adultos, provistos de radiocollares, fueron liberados en un lugar preseleccionado de la isla, dentro del área de distribución histórica de la especie (La Dehesa).

Los fenotipos y subespecies de Gallotia atlantica

[ES] El lagarto atlántico (Gallotia atlantica), el más pequeño de todos los lacértidos que existen en el archipiélago Canario (López-Jurado, 1991), es probablemente también el más polimórfico. Su enorme plasticidad morfológica se manifiesta especialmente en su tamaño y colorido (López-Jurado y Mateo, 1992), y en caracteres folidóticos como el número de poros femorales, o el de escamas en el collar o en el dorso (Bischoff, 1985; Castroviejo et al., 1985).

Predación de Gallotia simonyi por gatos cimarrones

[ES] El lagarto gigante de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi machadoi) es uno de los reptiles más cercanos a la extinción en todo el mundo (GROOMBRIDGE, 1993). Se conoce una sola población silvestre de este lacértido herbívoro de gran tamaño (MACHADO, 1985b), endémico de la isla de El Hierro (280 km2, 1500 m, Islas Canarias) y cuyos efectivos numéricos en cuanto a adultos y subadultos se cifraron entre 120 y 150 individuos en el verano de 1995 mediante métodos de marcado y recaptura (PÉREZ-MELLADO et al., 1997).

Biologia reprodutiva e ecologia trófica de Thamnodynastes hypoconia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) em ambientes úmidos subtemperados do extremo sul brasileiro

O estudo teve como objetivo descrever a biologia reprodutiva e a dieta de populações de Thamnodynastes hypoconia em ambientes úmidos subtemperados do extremo sul brasileiro. Para avaliação da reprodução foram feitas análises macroscópicas das gônadas. Para avaliação da ecologia alimentar foram empregadas análises de conteúdo estomacal e de isótopos estáveis (δ13C e δ15N). Os machos apresentaram maior comprimento rostro-cloacal que as fêmeas e atingiram a maturidade sexual com menor tamanho corporal. O ciclo reprodutivo das fêmeas foi sazonal, com vitelogênese secundária ocorrendo entre o inverno e a primavera. Os machos apresentaram ciclo contínuo. Aparentemente a cópula ocorre entre o final da primavera e o início do verão, quando foram detectados embriões nas fêmeas e a parturição ocorreu no verão. Não houve relação entre o tamanho da ninhada e o tamanho da fêmea, e a frequência reprodutiva de 40% foi considerada relativamente baixa. Todavia, por ser uma espécie dominante em banhados subtemperados do extremo sul do Brasil sua estratégia reprodutiva parece ser eficiente. Dessa forma, o ciclo contínuo dos machos, bem como a viviparidade possam potencializar o deslocamento do pico reprodutivo da população de modo a ajustar-se de acordo com os picos de temperatura do ambiente. A análise de conteúdo estomacal mostrou uma dieta predominantemente anurófaga, exceto por um único lagarto. Hylidae foi a família mais representativa, com predomínio de Hypsiboas pulchellus, seguida de Leptodactylidae, onde Leptodactylus latrans teve maior importância. As análises de isótopos estáveis corroboraram a importância dessas espécies na alimentação da serpente. Apesar de ser uma serpente terrestre, T. hypoconia apresentou assinatura isotópica mais próxima das fontes primárias oriundas do ambiente aquático, o que indica a importância das áreas alagáveis para a subsistência de organismos terrestres de habitats adjacentes.

Provocações e debates : contribuições para o estudo do Brasil social

Sílvio Romero, crítico, ensaísta e historiador da literatura brasileira, cujo nome de batismo era Sílvio Vasconcelos da Silveira Ramos, nasceu em Lagarto, Sergipe, em 1851, e morreu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1914.

História das paisagens florestais mésicas dentro da diagonal de formações abertas : contribuições de paleomodelagem, filogeografia de espécies associadas e de conservação

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2016.

Estudio de la función cardíaca en el síndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas del sueño en niños

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Estrutura da população de Coleodactylus natalensis Freire, 1999 (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) no Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Coleodactylus natalensis Freire, 1999, an endemic species of Atlantic Forest fragments around the Natal municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, has as type locality the Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal (05º48 S to 05º53 S and 35º09 W to 35º12 W), one of the largest restinga (herb and shrub association on sand dunes along the Brazilian coastline) associate fragment, surrounded by urban zone, placed on setentrional Atlantic Forest limits. We made estimates on populational density, spatial distribution, habitat and microhabitat preferences and feeding ecological aspects like sazonal and sexual variations on diet, prey electivities and niche breadth. We randomly sampled ninety-six 50m2 quadrants in each of the four habitats identified in the study area. Were collected 49 specimens and their stomach contents were analyzed; prey items found were correlated with leaf-litter invertebrates from habitat samples. We found a 98,5 ± 75,5 individuals/ha density, in grouped distribution pattern on densest habitats and random distribution on others habitats. This species lives mostly on leaf-litter in forest habitats, in higher humidity points, with lower temperatures, deeper leaf litter and lower sea level elevations than the randomly chosen points in the study area. Isopoda and Aranae were the most important prey categories in numeric, frequency and volumetric terms. Niche breadth has an intermediate value and was variable in sexual and in habitat terms. There was no correlation between morfometric measures and prey size on diet. The C. natalensis population studied seems to be diet opportunist, although selects larger prey items. The Parque Estadual das Dunas do Natal has several indications of anthropic pressure from the surrounding urban area that may affects the local C. natalensis population. Thus, the fragility of this species calls for urgent conservation efforts

MAGGnet: an international network to foster mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gases.

Research networks provide a framework for review, synthesis and systematic testing of theories by multiple scientists across international borders critical for addressing global-scale issues. In 2012, a GHG research network referred to as MAGGnet (Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Network) was established within the Croplands Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA). With involvement from 46 alliance member countries, MAGGnet seeks to provide a platform for the inventory and analysis of agricultural GHG mitigation research throughout the world. To date, metadata from 315 experimental studies in 20 countries have been compiled using a standardized spreadsheet. Most studies were completed (74%) and conducted within a 1-3-year duration (68%). Soil carbon and nitrous oxide emissions were measured in over 80% of the studies. Among plant variables, grain yield was assessed across studies most frequently (56%), followed by stover (35%) and root (9%) biomass. MAGGnet has contributed to modeling efforts and has spurred other research groups in the GRA to collect experimental site metadata using an adapted spreadsheet. With continued growth and investment, MAGGnet will leverage limited-resource investments by any one country to produce an inclusive, globally shared meta-database focused on the science of GHG mitigation.