Geração automática de controladores em FPGA integrando animação gráfica

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Electrorheology study of a series of LC cyanobiphenyls: Experimental and theoretical treatment

In this work we study the electro-rheological behaviour of a series of four liquid crystal (LC) cyanobiphenyls with a number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group, ranging from five to eight (5CB–8CB). We present the flow curves for different temperatures and under the influence of an external electric field, ranging from 0 to 3 kV/mm, and the viscosity as a function of the temperature, for the same values of electric field, obtained for different shear rates. Theoretical interpretation of the observed behaviours is proposed in the framework of the continuum theory of Leslie–Ericksen for low molecular weight nematic LCs. In our analysis, the director alignment angle is only a function of the ratio between the shear rate and the square of the electric field – boundary conditions are neglected. By fitting the theoretical model to the experimental data, we are able to determine some viscosity coefficients and the dielectric anisotropy as a function of temperature. To interpret the behaviour of the flow curves near the nematic–isotropic transitions, we apply the continuum theory of Olmsted–Goldbart, which extends the theory of Leslie–Ericksen to the case where the degree of alignment of the LC molecules can also vary.

Influence of constraining and confinement in the molecular mobility of low molecular weight materials

Dissertation presented to obtain a Ph.D. Degree in Chemical Physics

Phase behavior of shape-changing spheroids

We introduce a simple model for a biaxial nematic liquid crystal. This consists of hard spheroids that can switch shape between prolate (rodlike) and oblate (platelike) subject to an energy penalty Δε. The spheroids are approximated as hard Gaussian overlap particles and are treated at the level of Onsager's second-virial description. We use both bifurcation analysis and a numerical minimization of the free energy to show that, for additive particle shapes, (i) there is no stable biaxial phase even for Δε=0 (although there is a metastable biaxial phase in the same density range as the stable uniaxial phase) and (ii) the isotropic-to-nematic transition is into either one of two degenerate uniaxial phases, rod rich or plate rich. We confirm that even a small amount of shape nonadditivity may stabilize the biaxial nematic phase.

Desenvolvimento de películas à base de ZnO, condutoras e resistivas para aplicação em electrónica transparente

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia dos Materiais, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Selective synthesis under microwave irradiation of new monomers for potential applications in PDLC films

Dissertation to obtain the degree of master in Bioorganic

Old cellulose for new multifunctional networks

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais

Effect of surfactant on PDLC films with and without permanent memory effect

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Smart windows with permanent memory effect

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Critical behavior of a system with orientational and positional degrees of freedom: A Monte Carlo simulation study

The critical behavior of a system constituted by molecules with a preferred symmetry axis is studied by means of a Monte Carlo simulation of a simplified two-dimensional model. The system exhibits two phase transitions, associated with the vanishing of the positional order of the center of mass of the molecules and with the orientational order of the symmetry axis. The evolution of the order parameters and the specific heat is also studied. The transition associated with the positional degrees of freedom is found to change from a second-order to a first-order behavior when the two phase transitions are close enough, due to the coupling with the orientational degrees of freedom. This fact is qualitatively compared with similar results found in pure liquid crystals and liquid-crystal mixtures.

Reconfigurable beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane

Methods for generating beams with arbitrary polarization based on the use of liquid crystal displays have recently attracted interest from a wide range of sources. In this paper we present a technique for generating beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane using a Mach-Zehnder setup. The transverse components of the incident beam are processed independently by means of spatial light modulators placed in each path of the interferometer. The modulators display computer generated holograms designed to dynamically encode any amplitude value and polarization state for each point of the wavefront in a given plane. The steps required to design such beams are described in detail. Several beams performing different polarization and intensity landscapes have been experimentally implemented. The results obtained demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique to tailor the amplitude and polarization of the beam simultaneously.

Design of Optical Systems With Extended Depth of Field: an Educational Approach to Wavefront Coding Techniques

A practical activity designed to introduce wavefront coding techniques as a method to extend the depth of field in optical systems is presented. The activity is suitable for advanced undergraduate students since it combines different topics in optical engineering such as optical system design, aberration theory, Fourier optics, and digital image processing. This paper provides the theoretical background and technical information for performing the experiment. The proposed activity requires students able to develop a wide range of skills since they are expected to deal with optical components, including spatial light modulators, and develop scripts to perform some calculations.

Utilización de pantallas de cristal líquido en un correlador de Vander Lugt

En este artículo se presenta un estudio cuya finalidad es analizar diferentes aspectos de la utilización de pantallas de cristal líquido, extraídas de un videoproyector, en montajes de reconocimiento de formas por correlación. Se analizan las condiciones de funcionamiento de las pantallas y sus posibles modos de configuración. Se estudian dos tipos de filtros de correlación, el filtro adaptado clásico y el de sólo fase, así como la manera de codificarlos en las pantallas. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados de una serie de realizaciones experimentales utilizando un correlador de VanderLugt y diferentes configuraciones de las pantallas. De todo ello se deducen las condiciones óptimas de funcionamiento del sistema.

Combinación de pantallas de cristal líquido para la modulación compleja de frentes de onda. Aplicación en reconstrucción de hologramas de Fresnel digitales.

En este trabajo se presentan distintas alternativas para obtener la modulación compleja completa de frentes de onda mediante la suma de la modulación introducida por dos pantallas de cristal líquido. Para los distintos métodos se presentan resultados simulados de reconstrucciones de hologramas de Fresnel digitales.

Formation and distribution of point defects on a disclination line near a free nematic interface

Point defects of opposite signs can alternately nucleate on the -1/2 disclination line that forms near the free surface of a confined nematic liquid crystal. We show the existence of metastable configurations consisting of periodic repetitions of such defects. These configurations are characterized by a minimal interdefect spacing that is seen to depend on sample thickness and on an applied electric field. The time evolution of the defect distribution suggests that the defects attract at small distances and repel at large distances.