Certification provisions under the Fair Labor Standards Act /

"December 1980."

Exemption from the Fair Labor Standards Act, agriculture, agricultural services and related industries /

"March 1981."

Exemptions to the Fair Labor Standards Act, transportation sector /

"September 1980."

Exemptions to the Fair Labor Standards Act, transportation sector /

Includes bibliographical references.

Introduction to exemptions from the Fair Labor Standards Act /

"September 1980."

Introduction to exemptions from the Fair Labor Standards Act /

"September 1980."

Minimum wages and handicapped workers /

"February 1981."

The 1979 ESA noncompliance survey design /

"August 19, 1979."

Violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act : inferences from the 1979 noncompliance survey /

"Number 17. March 24, 1981."

Estimating the effects of a youth differential on teenagers and adults /

"February 1981."

Report on the incorporation of Arlington under the 1946 Charter.

Oct. 13, 1952.

Annual Report

Mode of access: Internet.

Birth defects and genetic screening and counseling /

Item 985

Penetration of chlorhexidine into human skin

This study evaluated a model of skin permeation to determine the depth of delivery of chlorhexidine into full-thickness excised human skin following topical application of 2% (wt/vol) aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate. Skin permeation studies were performed on full-thickness human skin using Franz diffusion cells with exposure to chlorhexidine for 2 min, 30 min, and 24 h. The concentration of chlorhexidine extracted from skin sections was determined to a depth of 1,500 µm following serial sectioning of the skin using a microtome and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Poor penetration of chlorhexidine into skin following 2-min and 30-min exposures to chlorhexidine was observed (0.157 ± 0.047 and 0.077 ± 0.015 µg/mg tissue within the top 100 µm), and levels of chlorhexidine were minimal at deeper skin depths (less than 0.002 µg/mg tissue below 300 µm). After 24 h of exposure, there was more chlorhexidine within the upper 100-µm sections (7.88 ± 1.37 µg/mg tissue); however, the levels remained low (less than 1 µg/mg tissue) at depths below 300 µm. There was no detectable penetration through the full-thickness skin. The model presented in this study can be used to assess the permeation of antiseptic agents through various layers of skin in vitro. Aqueous chlorhexidine demonstrated poor permeation into the deeper layers of the skin, which may restrict the efficacy of skin antisepsis with this agent. This study lays the foundation for further research in adopting alternative strategies for enhanced skin antisepsis in clinical practice.

A study of legal, institutional and financial issues relating to water supply management in the northeastern Illinois region : prepared for Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago, Illinois /

Includes bibliographical references.