Une littérature sous tension : poétique du fragmentaire dans l'oeuvre de Pierre Michon

Ce mémoire porte sur la poétique du fragmentaire dans trois ouvrages de Pierre Michon, soit "Trois auteurs", "Maîtres et serviteurs" et "Corps du roi". Plus qu’une préoccupation d’ordre formel, le fragmentaire y apparaît avant tout comme un champ de tensions, qui se manifeste à la fois sur le plan narratif, discursif et énonciatif. Une approche essentiellement poétique, à la jonction de la linguistique, de la rhétorique et de la narratologie, permet de réfléchir au fragmentaire dans ses effets, mais aussi dans ses affects. La recherche s’articule autour de trois grands axes : la généricité, la discontinuité et la représentation. Dans un premier temps, le fragmentaire est abordé par le prisme de la généricité, qui se traduit, dans l’œuvre de Michon, par une oscillation constante entre le biographique et le romanesque. La tension entre continuité et discontinuité est ensuite étudiée : marquée par les répétitions et variations, elle se manifeste à la fois sur le plan formel (le recueil) et stylistique (la syntaxe, les figures de style). Cette tension est également à comprendre sur le plan temporel, par une prédilection pour l’instant plutôt que pour la durée. Finalement, ce mémoire interroge la répercussion du fragmentaire sur la notion de représentation, qui subit alors un infléchissement : le récit n’est plus envisagé comme représentation, mais comme figuration, cette notion étant à comprendre à la fois comme posture énonciative et dans son rapport à l’image. La figuration est étudiée à partir des scènes romanesques essaimées dans les récits du corpus.

Le jour où la Terre en avait vu d'autres. Tome 1 ; suivi de La tension ajarienne

La partie création de ce mémoire se veut soutenue par une tension narrative reliée à la curiosité suscitée par le personnage principal, de prime abord énigmatique, qui se dévoile de façon capricieuse par un changement constant de focalisation et de temporalité. Nathan vit à une ère où l’humanité a frôlé l’extinction, et où tout est à repenser après l’annihilation du virus ramenant les morts à la vie. N’ayant pas été témoin de ces horreurs, ses plus grandes préoccupations concernent son cheminement vers l’authenticité. Saltimbanque de métier, il voyage de communauté en communauté, où chacune a fait ses choix pour recréer le monde. Sa volonté de prôner l’art dans un processus de reconstruction sociale et sa poursuite d’une image perdue le pousseront toujours plus loin dans ses pérégrinations; vers des réalités qui le conduiront à redéfinir son univers. La partie essai s’interroge sur les procédés formant la tension narrative des romans d’Émile Ajar, pseudonyme laissant deviner la plume expérimentée de Romain Gary qui se réinvente dans l’anonymat. L’attention est centrée sur les jeux de narration, le rôle actanciel des personnages et l’orchestration formelle des récits, à savoir s’ils sont assez similaires pour lier les opus et les constituer en une série unifiée. Cette réflexion à la recherche de l’essence de l’oeuvre ajarienne, touchante par ses antihéros souvent démunis dans leur quête existentielle, a été une inspiration pour la rédaction de Le jour où la Terre en avait vu d’autres. Les rêves de Nathan sont racontés à la première personne, rejoignant certaines modalités ajariennes où la psyché des protagonistes se révèle par une narration au “je”. Les questionnements sur la tension narrative ont été déclencheurs de cette première démarche d’écriture romanesque, même si elle est située dans un cadre complètement autre et use d’une plume bien différente de celle d’Ajar.

Cure Characteristics of Short Polyester Fiber-PolyurethaneElastomer Composite with Interfacial Bonding Agents Based on Polymeric 4,4'-Diphenylmethanediisocyanate

Cure characteristics of short polyester fiber-polyurethane composites with respect to different bonding agents (MD resins) based on 4, 4' diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and various diols like propyleneglycol (PG), polypropyleneglycol (PPG) and glycerol (GL) were studied. Tmax. - Tmin. of composites having MD resin were found to be higher than the composite without MD resin. Minimum torque and Tmax. - Tmin., scorch time and optimum cure time were increased with the increase of MDI equivalence. Optimum ratio of MDI / -of in the resin was found to be within the range of 1-1.5. It was observed from the cure characteristics that for getting better adhesion between short polyester fiber and the polyurethane matrix the best choice of MD resin was one based on MDI and 1:1 equivalent mixture of polypropyleneglycol and glycerol.

Rheological Properties of Short Polyester Fiber-Polyurethane Elastomer Composite with Different Interfacial Bonding Agents

The rheological behavior of a short-polyester-fiber-filled polyurethane elastomer composite containing different bonding agents has been studied in the temperature range 120-160°C and in the shear rate range 63-608 s-'. The composite with and without bonding agents showed a pseudoplastic behavior which decreased with the increase of temperature. Composites containing bonding agents based on polypropyleneglycol and 4,4'-diphenylmethanediisocyanate showed the lowest viscosity values at a particular shear rate, whereas composites containing a glycerol- (GL) based bonding agent showed the highest viscosity. The viscosity of the composite decreased sharply after a particular temperature (140°C) and the fall was less drastic in the composite containing a GL-based bonding agent.

Stress Relaxation of Polyester Fiber-Polyurethane Elastomer Composite with Different Interfacial Bonding Agents

The stress relaxation behavior of polyurethane elastomer and short polyester fiber filled elastomer composites with and without bonding agents at different strain levels and strain rates was studied. It was found that these compounds exhibit a multistage relaxation mechanism and that the rate of relaxation and cross-over time depend on the strain level and strain rate. The incorporation of fibers reduced the stage-I relaxation rate and increased the cross-over time of the gum vulcanisate. A higher rate of relaxation (first stage) was shown by the composites with longitudinal fiber orientation and composites with bonding agents.

Studies on the curing of short polyester fiber-polyurethane elastomer composite with different interfacial bonding agents

The cure characteristics of short fiber-polyurethane elastomer were studied with respect to different fiber-matrix bonding agents. A hexamethylenetetramine- resorcinol -hydrated silica based bonding agent was found to affect the stability of the composite. A new bonding agent, TP resin, based on polymeric toluenediisocyanate and polypropylene glycol has been developed. Cure characteristics of the composite with and without TP resin at different fiber loadings were also compared. Minimum torque, scorch time and optimum cure time increased with fiber content. Maximum torque was consistently higher with TP resin at all fiber loadings.

Theory of Breaking of a Potyrner Molecule under Tension

The thesis presents the dynamics of a polymer chain under tension. It includes existing theories of polymer fracture, important theories of reaction rates, the rate using multidimensional transition state theory and apply it to the case of polyethylene etc. The main findings of the study are; the life time of the bond is somewhat sensitive to the potential lead to rather different answers, for a given potential a rough estimate of the rate can be obtained by a simples approximation that considers the dynamics of only the bond that breaks and neglects the coupling to neighboring bonds. Dynamics of neighboring bonds would decrease the rate, but usually not more than by one order of magnitude, for the breaking of polyethylene, quantum effects are important only for temperatures below 150K, the lifetime strongly depends on the strain and as the strain varies over a narrow range, the life varies rapidly from 105 seconds to 10_5 seconds, if we change one unit of the polymer by a foreign atom, say by one sulphure atom, in the main chain itself, by a weaker bond, the rate is found to increase by orders of magnitude etc.

Thermal Conduction in Polymeric Nanofluids and Nanosolids Controlled by Interfacial Scattering:Solutions to Some Selected Problems

Dept.of Instrumentation,Cochin University of Science and Technology

“Studies on short polyester fiber - polyurethane elastomer composite with different interfacial bonding agents”

The work presented in this thesis is regarding the development and evaluation of new bonding agents for short polyester fiber - polyurethane elastomer composites. The conventional bonding system based on hexamethylenetetramine, resorcinol and hydrated silica was not effective as a bonding agent for the composite, as the water eliminated during the formation of the RF resin hydrolysed the urethane linkages. Four bonding agents based on MDI/'I‘DI and polypropyleneglycol, propyleneglycol and glycerol were prepared and the composite recipe was optimised with respect to the cure characteristics and mechanical properties. The flow properties, stress relaxation pattern and the thermal degradation characteristics of the composites containing different bonding agents were then studied in detail to evaluate the new bonding systems. The optimum loading of resin was 5 phr and the ratio of the -01 to isocyanate was 1:1. The cure characteristics showed that the optimum combination of cure rate and processability was given by the composite with the resin based on polypropyleneglycol/ glycerol/ 4,4’diphenylmethanediisocynate (PPG/GL/MDI). From the rheological studies of the composites with and without bonding agents it was observed that all the composites showed pseudoplastic nature and the activation energy of flow of the composite was not altered by the presence of bonding agents. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, tear resistance and abrasion resistance were improved in the presence of bonding agents and the effect was more pronounced in the case of abrasion resistance. The composites based on MDI/GL showed better initial properties while composites with resins based on MDI/PPG showed better aging resistance. Stress relaxation showed a multistage relaxation behaviour for the composite. Within the-strain levels studied, the initial rate of relaxation was higher and the cross over time was lesser for the composite containing bonding agents. The bonding agent based on MDI/PPG/GL was found to be a better choice for improving stress relaxation characteristics with better interfacial bonding. Thennogravimetirc analysis showed that the presence of fiber and bonding agents improved the thennal stability of the polyurethane elastomer marginally and it was maximum in the case of MDI / GL based bonding agents. The kinetics of degradation was not altered by the presence of bonding agents

Oxidation of silicon: further tests for the interfacial silicon emission model

The classical description of Si oxidation given by Deal and Grove has well-known limitations for thin oxides (below 200 Ã). Among the large number of alternative models published so far, the interfacial emission model has shown the greatest ability to fit the experimental oxidation curves. It relies on the assumption that during oxidation Si interstitials are emitted to the oxide to release strain and that the accumulation of these interstitials near the interface reduces the reaction rate there. The resulting set of differential equations makes it possible to model diverse oxidation experiments. In this paper, we have compared its predictions with two sets of experiments: (1) the pressure dependence for subatmospheric oxygen pressure and (2) the enhancement of the oxidation rate after annealing in inert atmosphere. The result is not satisfactory and raises serious doubts about the model’s correctness

Testing the limits of quasi-geostrophic theory: application to observed laboratory flows outside the quasi-geostrophic regime

We compare laboratory observations of equilibrated baroclinic waves in the rotating two-layer annulus, with numerical simulations from a quasi-geostrophic model. The laboratory experiments lie well outside the quasi-geostrophic regime: the Rossby number reaches unity; the depth-to-width aspect ratio is large; and the fluid contains ageostrophic inertia–gravity waves. Despite being formally inapplicable, the quasi-geostrophic model captures the laboratory flows reasonably well. The model displays several systematic biases, which are consequences of its treatment of boundary layers and neglect of interfacial surface tension and which may be explained without invoking the dynamical effects of the moderate Rossby number, large aspect ratio or inertia–gravity waves. We conclude that quasi-geostrophic theory appears to continue to apply well outside its formal bounds.

Interfacial structure of wild-type and mutant forms of puroindoline-b bound to DPPG monolayers

The interaction of wild-type puroindoline-b (Pin-b+) and two mutant forms having single residue substitutions (G46S or W44R) with L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-dl-glycerol (DPPG) as a Langmuir monolayer at the air/water interface was investigated by neutron reflectivity (NR) and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). NR profiles were fitted using a three-layer model to enable differences in penetration of protein between the lipid headgroup and acyl regions to be determined. The data showed similar surface excesses for each of the three proteins at the interface; however, it was revealed that the depth of penetration of protein into the lipid region differed for each protein with Pin-b+ penetrating further into the acyl region of the lipid compared to the mutant forms of the protein that interacted with the headgroup region only. BAM images revealed that the domain structure of the DPPG monolayers was disrupted when Pin-b+ adsorption had reached equilibrium, suggesting protein penetration had led to compression of the lipid region. In contrast, the domain structure was unaffected by the W44R mutant, suggesting no change in compression of the lipid region and hence little or no penetration of protein into the lipid layer.

A thermally stable tension meter for atmospheric soundings using kites

Kites offer considerable potential as wind speed sensors—a role distinct from their traditional use as instrument-carrying platforms. In the sensor role, wind speed is measured by kite-line tension. A kite tether line tension meter is described here, using strain gauges mounted on an aluminum ring in a Wheatstone bridge electronic circuit. It exhibits a linear response to tension 19.5 mV N−1 with good thermal stability mean drift of −0.18 N °C−1 over 5–45 °C temperature range and a rapid time response 0.2 s or better. Field comparisons of tether line tension for a Rokkaku kite with a fixed tower sonic anemometer show an approximately linear tension-wind speed relationship over the range 1–6 ms−1. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3465560

Architectural effect on the surface tension of an ABA triblock copolymer melt

The excess surface energy of lamellae formed by an ABA triblock copolymer melt oriented parallel to a neutral surface is evaluated using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Consistent with experiments and previous SCFT calculations, we find a preference for the A-rich domains at the surface, which can only be attributed to the architectural asymmetry between the A and B blocks. The behavior was previously attributed to a loss of bridging configurations that occurs when the B-domain resides at the surface. Here we demonstrate that it is actually the presence of chain ends that reduces the excess surface energy of an A-rich domain relative that of a B-rich domain.