The high commissioners : Australia’s representatives in the United Kingdom, 1910-2010

Marks the centenary of the posting of the first Australian High Commissioner in London, so beginning what is today Australia's oldest diplomatic mission. In 1910, when Sir George Reid was appointed its first High Commissioner in London, Australia was a self-governing but not yet sovereign state and the Australian Governor-General remained the most important channel of communication between the Australian and United Kingdom governments until the late 1920s. The book traces the history of the office and in doing so illuminates the larger story of Australian-United Kingdom relations in the twentieth century, the evolution of Australia from British colony to sovereign state and the gradual transition of the United Kingdom from head of an empire to member of the European Union.

The M4 muscarinic antagonist MT-3 inhibits myopia in chick: evidence for site of action

It is well established that the broad-band muscarinic antagonist, atropine is effective at inhibiting the progression of myopia and does so by preventing the elongation of the vitreous chamber of the eye. However, uncertainty remains as to whether this effect occurs through a receptoral mechanism and, if so, which muscarinic receptor subtype mediates this effect. Previous work, in avian and mammalian models of myopia, implicates the M1 and M4 receptors as potential targets. The current study used physiologically relevant concentrations of highly selective muscarinic antagonists (MT-3 and MT-7) to further characterise the role of the M4 receptor in the control of myopia in the chick model of refractive development.

Uneasy alliances: Traditional dynamics in women's relationships in urban Hindu society (1910-2010)

This paper argues that in spite of the phenomenal economic progress made by India, the urban Indian Hindu woman still faces major challenges and hindrances in charting the course of her existence, some aspects of which are still located within a very traditional discourse. Women of particular age groups combine highly competitive careers in medicine, management, engineering, and other demanding professions with marriage and motherhood, while simultaneously juggling the eternal roles of the docile, hardworking daughter-in-law and the dutiful daughter. It is, yet again, another sacrifice of individual needs and time on the part of the urban Indian Hindu woman within a discourse that imposes constant adjustment and compromise from one's birth as a female child. The economic context might appear to be very different in this century, and the socio-cultural discourse may appear to have changed along with it, but the expectations and the status quo of the urban Hindu woman has not changed very much, given the underlying historical and socio-cultural discourse that is still extant.

A comparison of M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors in the thalamus from control subjects and subjects with schizophrenia

Having shown a decrease in muscarinic M1 receptors in Brodmann’s area (BA) 9 from subjects with schizophrenia we have extended our studies to determine if this receptor is decreased in the thalamus from the same cohort of subjects. Levels of Full-size image (<1 K)pirenzepine binding to and mRNA encoding for M1 and M4 receptors were measured throughout the thalamus. Levels of M1 and M4 receptor proteins were measured in the mediodorsal nucleus. Two-way ANOVA revealed a variance in Full-size image (<1 K)pirenzepine binding (F=4.69, d.f. = 1.190, P=0.03), but there was no significant change in radioligand binding in any thalamic region in schizophrenia. Neither levels of mRNA encoding the thalamic M1 or M4 receptor nor levels of M1 or M4 receptor protein in the mediodorsal nucleus differed between the schizophrenic and control subjects. We therefore conclude that the M1 and M4 receptor are not altered in the thalamus from subjects with schizophrenia. These data add weight to the hypothesis that changes in M1 receptors in selective regions of the CNS are associated with the pathology of schizophrenia.

Establishing insurance markets in settler economies. a comparison of Australian and South Africa insurance markets, 1820-1910

How did insurance markets in the settler economies of Australia and South Africa develop? This paper investigates the establishment of the local insurance industries in two settler economies in the wake of the absence of comparative studies in the emergence of insurance markets in the periphery. The paper compares conditions in these settler economies and notes the innovative role of local entrepreneurs. British insurance companies extended operations into the British colonies, but local interests emerged to challenge their dominance. Innovations in organisational form, product offerings and distribution channels afforded local entrepreneurs a competitive advantage in the life market. Collusion in the fire market restricted innovative practices and retained foreign control. This article explains the agency of local entrepreneurs in the emergence of insurance markets in two settler societies at the end of the nineteenth century. This historical development path has notable implications for the current development of insurance markets in Africa.

Tatler (Volume 8 1910)

The Winthrop yearbook was published from 1898 to 2002. It has been known as the Tatler since its inception except for 1904 (Lang Syne) and 1918 (Tatler a la Guerre). No yearbook was published in 1900, 1902, 1903, 1905,1906.

A redução da demanda de M4 Real após o plano Collor I

A tese testa hipótese de redução da demanda do agregado monetário M4 real, causada pelas medidas adotadas no início do governo Coilor. Atese estima redução desta demanda, através de uma comparação com M4 real ocorrido e o previsto, caso não tivesse havido Plano Collor I.

Macroeconomia com M4

O trabalho trata de refazer modelos macroeconômicos usuais, como por exemplo o IS-LM, com a introdução de um agregado amplo de liqüidez, o M4. Faz-se uma cuidadosa análise da identidade de Walras, estendendo-se Simonsen (1983). Como resultado, vê-se que a introdução do mercado de M4 nos modelos exige que seja abandonada ou a curva IS (equilíbrio no mercado de bens e serviços),ou a LM (equilíbrio no mercado monetário). A seguir estuda-se a demanda de M4, sua estimativa no Brasil e um modelo LM4-LM. A utilidade da análise precedente é óbvia: podem-se estudar os impactos de aumentos de M4 diretamente, sem que se recorra ao efeito riqueza (Pigou).