950 resultados para Group communication
Resumo:
A forum is a valuable tool to foster reflection in an in-depth discussion; however, it forces the course mediator to continually pay close attention in order to coordinate learners` activities. Moreover, monitoring a forum is time consuming given that it is impossible to know in advance when new messages are going to be posted. Additionally, a forum may be inactive for a long period and suddenly receive a burst of messages forcing forum mediators to frequently log on in order to know how the discussion is unfolding to intervene whenever it is necessary. Mediators also need to deal with a large amount of messages to identify off-pattern situations. This work presents a piece of action research that investigates how to improve coordination support in a forum using mobile devices for mitigating mediator`s difficulties in following the status of a forum. Based on summarized information extracted from message meta-data, mediators consult visual information summaries on PDAs and receive textual notifications in their mobile phone. This investigation revealed that mediators used the mobile-based coordination support to keep informed on what is taking place within the forum without the need to log on their desktop computer. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ABSTRACTThe general aim of this thesis was to investigate behavioral change communication at nurse-led chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinics in primary health care, focusing on communication in self-management and smoking cessation for patients with COPD.Designs: Observational, prospective observational and experimental designs were used.Methods: To explore and describe the structure and content of self-management education and smoking cessation communication, consultations between patients (n=30) and nurses (n=7) were videotaped and analyzed with three instruments: Consulting Map (CM), the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale and the Client Language Assessment in Motivational Interviewing (CLAMI). To examine the effects of structured self-management education, patients with COPD (n=52) were randomized in an intervention and a control group. Patients’ quality of life (QoL), knowledge about COPD and smoking cessation were examined with a questionnaire on knowledge about COPD and smoking habits and with St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, addressing QoL. Results: The findings from the videotaped consultations showed that communication about the reasons for consultation mainly concerned medical and physical problems and (to a certain extent) patients´ perceptions. Two consultations ended with shared understanding, but none of the patients received an individual treatment-plan. In the smoking cessation communication the nurses did only to a small extent evoke patients’ reasons for change, fostered collaboration and supported patients’ autonomy. The nurses provided a lot of information (42%), asked closed (21%) rather than open questions (3%), made simpler (14%) rather than complex (2%) reflections and used MI non-adherent (16%) rather than MI-adherent (5%) behavior. Most of the patients’ utterances in the communication were neutral either toward or away from smoking cessation (59%), utterances about reason (desire, ability and need) were 40%, taking steps 1% and commitment to stop smoking 0%. The number of patients who stopped smoking, and patients’ knowledge about the disease and their QoL, was increased by structured self-management education and smoking cessation in collaboration between the patient, nurse and physician and, when necessary, a physiotherapist, a dietician, an occupational therapist and/or a medical social worker.Conclusion The communication at nurse-led COPD clinics rarely involved the patients in shared understanding and responsibility and concerned patients’ fears, worries and problems only to a limited extent. The results also showed that nurses had difficulties in attaining proficiency in behavioral change communication. Structured self-management education showed positive effects on patients’ perceived QoL, on the number of patients who quit smoking and on patients’ knowledge about COPD.
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This article argues that claims of diversity in communication in deaf education are empty rhetoric when underlying structures of power are unexamined and remain unchanged. The field of deafness provides a powerful example of the way in which competing interests can be played out under the guise of choice of communication methods. Historically, teachers of the deaf have been divided about whether deaf children should be educated through speech or sign. However, recognition of the legitimacy of native sign languages has caused a shift in the debate to the linguistic basis of this communication and the way in which language policy privileges one cultural group and its method of communication over another.
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In 2000, Victoria’s largest regional council, the City of Greater Geelong, allocated $200,000 to fund a community art and place-making project in inner Geelong West. The Walk West project was conceptualised and lobbied by a community group for six years. The project addressed the impact of a large section of freeway installed in the seventies and its consequences for quality of life in the locality.
This article reports on an example of highly developed community relations. It examines public art and placemaking as public communication tools and their relationship to political and social activity in post-amalgamation Victoria. In particular it applies the theories of Ulrich Beck and the notion of reflexive modernity in risk society where citizens’ initiative groups will play an increasingly important role in reclaiming the biological and cultural heritage lost as a result of ‘progress’.
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Most research concludes that asynchronous activities increase the amount of student participation and improve the student-centred learning atmosphere. This raised concerns when students didn’t access discussion sites as part of their postgraduate teaching of English language studies. This study focused on the perception of a group of on-campus and off-campus postgraduate TESOL students (both native and non-native speakers of English) towards two different kinds of asynchronous activities: email and online discussion. The result showed that students preferred the email to the discussion though a large majority of both NS and NNS supported the use of online discussion as a learning tool. The reasons given included time as well as privacy, which, unexpectedly, was an issue raised mostly by native speakers of English.
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Information can be empowering if it is accessible. While a number of known information access barriers have been reported for the broader group of people with disabilities, specific information issues for people with complex communication needs have not been previously reported. In this consumer-focused study, the accessibility of information design and dissemination practices were discussed by 17 people with complex communication needs; by eight parents, advocates, therapists, and agency representatives in focus groups; and by seven individuals in individual interviews. Participants explored issues and made recommendations for content, including language, visual and audio supports; print accessibility; physical access; and human support for information access. Consumer-generated accessibility guidelines were an outcome of this study.
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This paper considers the use of wireless devices as an educational facilitator both in the classroom and in a business environment. There are many characteristics of such devices which are favourable to their use in such settings. But there are also problems. We identify the main problematic areas as being security, low speed and reliability, and the lack of interoperability. In our opinion, the use of wireless devices for educational purposes will grow quickly, and the problems of reliability, speed and standards will be overcome. However, the issue of security will remain a major problem into the distant future.
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Plenty of research has been done for any cast service, but few research touches the fault-tolerant problem based on the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we propose and analyse a fault-tolerant model, called twin server model, for anycast communication to provide reliable and continuous anycast services. We select a twin server in an anycast group for a given anycast server, the primary server. If the twin server suspects that its primary server is dead, it will take the unfinished job(s) of its primary server. We propose two algorithms: the server failure detecting algorithm and the server failure broadcasting algorithm. We then analyse the performance change when a primary server fails using queue theory and obtain some interesting conclusions. At the end, we summary the paper and present the future work.
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Multiliteracies pedagogy and research (New London Group, 1996) addresses the range of literacies needed by diverse students to effectively negotiate the increasing multimodality of texts, both inside and outside of schools. Yet, few university teachers understand how youth are able to express themselves, their experiences and lives, in new, empowering and perception-shifting ways as designers in the 21st century. Several theorists (Bruce, 2000; Lemke, 1998; Luke, 2000; Bolter, 1998; Glister, 1997) argue literacy education must be reconceptualised to recognize the importance of teaching and supporting multimedia literacy in a world where internet communication technologies (ICTs) incorporate all semiotic resources. Expression through multiple media and more recently hypermedia—is common to youth—but has often been demonized by historically logocentric approaches to teaching and assessment by privileging print, over all other forms of expression (Albright & Walsh, 2003; Lemke, 1998; McCloud, 1993). As digital media becomes more pervasive in a post-typographic world, tertiary education will need to engage with its representational resources for acquiring traditional school literacy and knowledge. This paper reports on initiatives in Multiliteracies instruction for both pre-service and in-service teachers to more adequately attend to the multisemiotic landscapes of students’ changing worlds in New Times (Hall, 1996).
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine relational and task dimension of online communication and the associated emotional experience.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines four categories of work outcomes: emotional experiences of work, work attitudes, work dynamics and work behaviours; and links each to the cross-cultural online communication context.
Findings – It was found that diversity-oriented HRM can reduce the cultural fault-lines betweenindividualist and collectivist (IC) cultures, and thereby positively moderate the relationship between cross-cultural online communication and affective, cognitive and behavioural outcomes.
Practical implications – Diversity-oriented HRM can capitalize on an organisation’s cultural diversity and avoid cross-cultural misunderstandings. In a more practical sense, the research purports that combined use of IC HRM practices can produce greater efficiency and effectiveness in
online communications worldwide.
Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into the potential implications of increased use of information technology on cross-cultural communication, and human resource management. The significance of diversity-oriented human resource management in managing these implications is also highlighted.
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The authors present a novel and efficient multicast algorithm that aims to reduce delay and communication cost for the registration between mobile nodes and mobility agents and solicitation for foreign agent services based on the mobile IP. The protocol applies anycast group technology to support multicast transmissions for both mobile nodes and home/foreign agents. Mobile hosts use anycast tunnelling to connect to the nearest available home/foreign agent where an agent is able to forward the multicast messages by selecting an anycast route to a multicast router so as to reduce the end-to-end delay. The performance analysis and experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is able to enhance the performance over existing remote subscription and bidirectional tunnelling approaches regardless of the locations of mobile nodes/hosts
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In this paper, aiming at describing interrelationships and communication mechanisms among agents based on a multi-agent framework of Railway Intelligent Transportation System (RITS), we construct the model about stations and trains in the system, which is called Agent-Oriented G-Net Train Group Operation Model (AGNTOM). The framework degrades the complexity of computation and makes the distribution of simulation system easy in design. The simulated experiments prove that the model provides an effective approach for dealing with communication problems in the system.
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Siblings of young people abusing drugs are at particular risk for drug abuse and other health compromising behaviors. A Sibling Peer Support Group was developed by the Centre for Adolescent Health (Melbourne, Australia) for young people aged 13 to 18 years with a problematic drug user in their family. Groups aimed to provide support and information, promote harm minimization, and reduce the sense of isolation. The project emanated from the recognized need for specific support for adolescent siblings of problematic drug users. Evaluation of two pilot groups indicated positive benefits for group members, who reported feeling better informed, more supported, and having a reduced sense of isolation. Parents reported that their adolescent attending the group demonstrated improved communication with, and greater understanding and tolerance of, the family member using drugs. Promising indicators at a community level were manifested in enthusiastic collaboration among schools, police and local service agencies, and the organization of a local drug forum. There appeared to be little evidence that the groups inadvertently encouraged drug use. Recruitment of young people into groups was the major challenge for the project, but among drug and alcohol and family organizations there was support for the concept of a Sibling Peer Support Group. A new model to overcome the challenge of recruitment is proposed.