Climate Change and the Cost of Carbon Sequestration: The Case of Forest Management

The Kyoto protocol allows Annex I countries to deduct carbon sequestered by land use, land-use change and forestry from their national carbon emissions. Thornley and Cannell (2000) demonstrated that the objectives of maximizing timber and carbon sequestration are not complementary. Based on this finding, this paper determines the optimal selective management regime taking into account the underlying biophysical and economic processes. The results show that the net benefits of carbon storage only compensate the decrease in net benefits of timber production once the carbon price has exceeded a certain threshold value. The sequestration costs are significantly lower than previous estimates

Ganancias de eficiencia versus costes de transacción de los mercados de agua

La introducción de los mercados de agua se ha planteado en los últimos años como un instrumento eficaz para la mejora de la gestión de los recursos hídricos en la agricultura, centrando la atención en las ganancias económicas que de ellos pueden resultar. No obstante, la efectividad e incluso la viabilidad de los mercados de agua está limitada por factores de diverso tipo que contribuyen al incremento de los costes derivados de su posible implantación. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar, mediante la simulación de un mercado de agua, la influencia que las diferencias en la productividad de las explotaciones participantes tienen sobre tales ganancias en presencia de costes de transacción. Se mostrará que tales diferencias determinan la viabilidad de los mercados de agua y se calcula el nivel de heterogeneidadmínimo que compensa los costes generados conel sistema de mercado en el caso específico de una zona de regadío del valle medio del Ebro

Merirosvous yhteiskunnallisessa kontekstissaan

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Fenologia de três espécies de Myrsine l. em floresta secundária semidecídua no Sul do Brasil

Eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Myrsine lorentziana (Mez.) Arechav., M. guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze e M. coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. foram avaliados por dois anos, em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual secundária, no Parque Municipal Henrique Luís Roessler, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil. Os eventos fenológicos foram relacionados a variáveis climáticas, e observou-se correlação negativa com a temperatura e o fotoperíodo em M. guianensis e M. coriaceae, na fenofase floração, enquanto na frutificação essa correlação ocorreu em M. lorentziana e M. coriaceae. M. guianensis foi a única espécie que apresentou correlação negativa da fenofase de frutos maduros com o fotoperíodo e a temperatura. Floração e frutos maduros constituíram eventos sazonais nas três espécies, que em conjunto fornecem alimento para a avifauna durante o ano todo. A presença de frutos imaturos, queda foliar e brotamento demonstrou ser um evento contínuo ao longo do ano. Nenhum evento fenológico se correlacionou com a precipitação, resultado esperado em ambientes sem períodos secos regulares.

Sazonalidade de Haematobia irritans no Brasil Central

A mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) é um dos principais ectoparasitos de bovinos no Brasil. Estudos epidemiológicos são exigidos devido às dificuldades crescentes do seu controle químico. Por isso, para um melhor conhecimento da dinâmica populacional sazonal desta mosca foram realizadas contagens a cada 14 dias sobre bovinos para corte, entre 7 e 30 meses de idade, durante o período de inverno de 1996 até o verão de 2002. Foi verificada elevação nos níveis populacionais de H. irritans (P<0,05), entre as estações de cada período de infestação (primavera até o outono), especialmente na primavera e verão e, às vezes, no outono, seguida de uma queda significativa (P<0,05) no inverno, quando a umidade relativa alcançou níveis inferiores a 60%. Houve uma relação direta e imediata na contagem de moscas com a variação da umidade relativa (P<0,05) enquanto que os efeitos mais evidentes da temperatura e a precipitação pluvio-métrica estiveram associados com contagens feitas 42 a 56 dias depois da leitura desses dados climáticos (P<0,05). As cargas parasitárias mais elevadas (número médio de moscas por animal) por grupo genético estudado foram: Aberdeen Angus x Nelore = 173,5 (134-254); ½ Pardo Suíço x Nelore = 183,5 (32-540); ¾ Aberdeen Angus x Nelore = 133,0 (18-374) e, Valdostana x Nelore = 219,0 (58-620). A ocorrência de chuvas torrenciais durante a metade inicial do período de infestação (primavera até meados do verão), comum na região deste estudo, foi considerada a principal responsável pelos níveis populacionais variando de moderados a baixos verificados nesta época em comparação àqueles verificados no restante do período.

Qualidade protéica da carne de novilho precoce alimentado com lipídios protegidos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade protéica da carne de novilho precoce proveniente de quatro grupos genéticos de bovinos (GG) alimentados com rações constituídas por lipídios protegidos ou não. Para a avaliação da qualidade protéica foram elaboradas oito dietas experimentais provenientes dos diferentes grupos genéticos e rações, as quais foram analisadas pelo PER (Coeficiente de Eficácia Protéica), NPR (Razão Protéica Líquida) e digestibilidade in vivo. O experimento foi conduzido segundo um esquema fatorial (4 x 2) + 1 e as dietas experimentais e a padrão foram comparadas pelo teste de Dunnet, a 5% de probabilidade. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) entre as dietas experimentais e a dieta padrão (caseína) para PER, NPR e digestibilidade, sendo que os valores médios variaram entre 3,89 e 4,74 (98,06 e 119,34%, em relação à caseína); 4,80 e 5,65 (101,07 e 118,94%, em relação à caseína) e de 92,49 a 95,48 (97,24 a 100,39%, em relação à caseína), respectivamente. Verificou-se que a carne de todos os grupos experimentais apresentou alta qualidade protéica, equiparando-se à da caseína, exceto o grupo genético Aberdeen Angus X Nelore, alimentado com a dieta protegida, que apresentou valor de NPR estatisticamente superior a esta.

Composição centesimal e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilho precoce alimentado com lipídios protegidos

É crescente a preocupação da população em ingerir dietas mais saudáveis, mantendo adequado o nível de colesterol plasmático, com conseqüente redução na incidência de doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição centesimal e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilho precoce de quatro grupos genéticos: Nelore (R1), Nelore x Canchin (R2), Nelore x Limousin (R3) e Nelore x Aberdeen Angus (R4), alimentados com dieta normal (D1) ou por outra constituída por lipídios protegidos (D2). Determinaram-se os teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios totais, resíduo mineral fixo e o perfil de ácidos graxos. Não foram encontradas diferenças para os teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios totais, Ácidos Graxos Saturados (AGS) e Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados (AGMI). A dieta protegida ocasionou aumento do teor total de Ácidos Graxos Poliinsaturados (AGPI), quando comparada à D1. Por sua vez, animais que receberam D1 apresentaram maior teor de AGPI w-3 que os da D2. Verificou-se que as técnicas de nutrição animal utilizadas neste estudo garantiram um produto com maior teor de AGPI, característica esta desejável na saúde humana. Fazem-se necessários novos estudos, utilizando-se modelos experimentais, para que sejam avaliados os efeitos da carne de novilho precoce na colesterolemia.

Upper Lakes Shipping Ltd. fonds 1955-1990, n.d. (non-inclusive)

In March 1931, Captain Bruce Angus was sent to Sarnia by Gordon C. Leitch, general manager of Toronto Elevators. He was sent to inspect the Sarnian to ensure it was still seaworthy. Leitch was a savvy business man, who had been active in the business community for a number of years. Leitch began his career with a partner in the lumber business. When that went under he moved into graineries and worked for the Winnipeg Wheat Pool for 12 years. After Winnipeg he moved to Toronto, which was closer to his home town of Ridgetown, Ontario. In Toronto Leitch became manager of the Toronto branch of the Canadian Wheat Pool. While managing the wheat pools in Toronto Leitch became aware of huge costs associated with shipping the grains from the praries into the Toronto area. He felt that there was no need for such costs and decided to do something to make them better and cheaper for the business. Originally the grain was loaded onto Lakers that would bring the grain from the praries to Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. It was stored there until needed by the Toronto graineries and then hauled across land by either truck or train. The land journey was the most expensive and the one which Leitch wanted to eliminate. This was a fine plan except for 2 obstacles that were quickly overcome. First of all the Welland canals were not large enough to accommodate the large carriers that were bringing in the grain. This was changing as the expansion and widening of the canals was already underway. The second issue was the lack of storage in Toronto for the grain. The grain elevators had been destroyed by fire in the late 1880s and never replaced. Leitch propsed his company built its own storage elevators along the water front to allow not only for easier access to the grain, and more timely production of products. The elevators would aslo create a reduction in shipping costs and an overall more competitoive price for the customers of the grainery. The company refused, so Leitch went elsewhere to friends and contacts within the grain industry. The elevators were built and Leitch quit his job with the Canadian Wheat Pool and became the general manager of the elevators. Although the elevators were built and ready for storage the next issue was filling them. None of the carriers wanted to do business with Leitch because the competition in Georgian Bay threatened to cancel their contracts if they did. Leitch saw no way around this, but to provide his own transportation. This is when he sent Captain Bruce Angus to scout out potential ships. The ship was purchased for $37,000 and after another $30,000 was spent to fix it up, it was ready for business. The need for transportation and the finding of a seaworthy ship, lead to the beginnings of the Northland Steamship Company. The Sarnian proved to not be enough for the business underway. Leitch decided another ship was necessary. He joined forces with James Norris the owner of the Norris Grain Company. He proposed they join forces to create a more economical means of transportating their products.

Clopton Charter

Translation of Clopton Charter Let those who are present and those in future know that I Robert de Clopton gave and granted to my son, William, one yardland which is part of the Clopton estate / manorial demesne with all its appurtenances in exchange for his homage and service , and that I have confirmed it with this charter . The yardland in question is that which he once held as heriot / heritable property . [I have given and granted it to him] to be held and kept by him and his heirs freely and undisputedly as a holding granted in return for services and as hereditable property from me and my heirs. For this he has to pay an annual rent of twelve silver pennies, in two installments per year: six on the Feast Day of St. Michael and six on the Feast Day of St. Mary in March , on the income that belongs to me and to my heirs, without neglecting income from elsewhere; together with all goods and privileges attached to the aformentioned land in the form of fields and pastures and everything which belongs to said yardland. And I, Robert, and all my heirs shall warrant all this aforementioned yardland together with all its appurtenances to said William and his heirs against all other claims in perpetuity . However, in order that this gift and grant of mine may remain firm and immovable, I have validated this charter with my seal in the presence of [the following] witnesses: the knights Sir William of Ludinton [and] Sir Robert of Valle. William of Edricheston, William of Waleford, Robert of Sidesam, Richard of Ludinton, Nicholas the scribe , and others.

Upper Lakes Shipping Ltd. Vessels Scrapbook, 1964-1967, no date

The origins of Upper Lakes Shipping can be traced back to 1931, when Gordon Leitch, the general manager of Toronto elevators, sent Captain Bruce Angus to scout for potential ships that could be used to transport grain. The ship Sarnian was purchased as a result. It soon became apparent that more ships would be needed by the business, and Leitch subsequently partnered with James Norris of the Norris Grain Company, in order to transport their products more economically. The Upper Lakes and St. Lawrence Transportation Company (which later become known as Upper Lakes Shipping), was incorporated in 1932. In 1956, the company bought Port Weller Dry docks. At this point, the company began constructing new vessels designed to meet specific freight and classification needs.

City of Hamilton land abstracts (lots 93-203), 1865

An abstract of title for multiple lots in Peter H. Hamilton’s survey, south of Hunter Street, in the City of Hamilton. The lots involved range from lots 93-203 (non-inclusive). The document is dated November 10, 1865. The entries are dated from 1798 to 1865 and include the grantor, grantee, lands and instrument. The name Geo. S. Papps, Esq. appears centred at the top of the page. The document is signed at the bottom by John H. Greer, Registrar. A note on the reverse side of the document reads “Re Angus Abstract”.

Public Instrument of Protest

Public Instrument of Protest (1 double-sided handwritten page) by William W. Gillvery and the North West Company against Angus W. Gillis for breaking his agreement with the company, March 26, 1800.

Rôle du treillis Mgat5/galectine-3 et de la cavéoline-1 dans la fibrillogenèse de la fibronectine et la migration cellulaire : lien avec la dynamique des points focaux d'adhésion

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Vieillissement actif : le maintien à domicile des baby-boomers

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux enjeux de l’habitat de demain de la génération des baby-boomers, tout particulièrement ceux nés entre 1945 et 1953, qui arrivent aujourd’hui à la retraite. C’est au carrefour de la vision de ce que signifie habiter selon des auteurs comme Benoit Goetz ( 2011), des philosophes comme Heidegger (1958), Bachelard (1957), Benjamin (1955), Büber (1962) ou encore Deleuze (1980) d’une part, soulignant les facteurs de porosité et les liens aux autres, et d’autre part les caractéristiques des baby-boomers telles que présentées par Jean François Sirinelli (2003) et Josée Garceau (2012), que se situe la recherche. Cette génération informée entend rester active et pratique des « adeptions » qui influencent par les gestes un savoir habiter et par là son habitat. L’étude de terrain a sondé les aspirations des baby-boomers en ce qui concerne leur choix résidentiel pour l’avenir, pour comprendre sur quelles valeurs et vers quels buts leur projet se construit. Le choix de méthodologies qualitatives s’appuie sur le visionnement préalable d’un film récent : Et si on vivait tous ensemble. Des entretiens semi-dirigés, auprès de cinq baby-boomers, de 60 à 65 ans, effectués en deux phases avec verbatim approuvés,étaient basés sur trois thèmes : la mémoire, l’adeption et le projet. Entre autres résultats, sont confirmés avec variantes, plusieurs concepts théoriques, comme ceux de porosité et d’ouverture par la fenêtre à la fois physique et virtuelle, mais soulignent le spectre de la maison de retraite et des préoccupations financières concernant l’avenir d’un habitat nécessairement autonome. Cette génération imprégnée par le monde technologique veut avoir accès à tout ce que propose la modernité sans pour autant perdre le sens de l’historicité de leur vie. Nés dans un monde en bouillonnement, les baby-boomers ont réinventé chaque étape de leur existence, ce qui laisse préfigurer que cette génération s’apprête à réinventer la retraite et ses sites domiciliaires. Aussi l’approche design devra-t-elle complètement se renouveler pour ces nouveaux usagers.