Photometric and fundamental plane studies of galaxies

Determining the morphological parameters that describe galaxies has always been a challenging task. The studies on the correlations between different photometric as well as spectroscopic parameters of the galaxies help in understanding their structure, properties of the stars and gas which constitute the galaxy, the various physical and chemical processes which determine the properties, and galaxy formation and evolution. In the last few decades, the advent of Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) and near infrared arrays ha\·e provided quick and reliable digitized data acquisition, in the optical and near infrared bands. This has provided an avalanche of data, which can be processed using sophisticated image analysis techniques to obtain information about the morphology of galaxies. The photometric analysis performed in this thesis involve the extraction of structural parameters of early type gala.xies imaged in the near infrared K (2.2ttm) band, obtaining correlations between these, parameters and using them to constrain the large scale properties of galaxi,~s.

Fundamental interactions of molecules (Na_2, Na_3) with intense femtosecond laser pulses

The real-time dynamics of multiphoton ionization and fragmentation of molecules Na_2 and Na_3 has been studied in molecular beam experiments employing ion and electron spectroscopy together with femtosecond pump-probe techniques. Experiments with Na_2 and Na_3 reveal unexpected features of the dynamics of the absorption of several photons as seen in the one- and three-dimensional vibrational wave packet motion in different potential surfaces and in high laser fields: In Na_2 a second major resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) process is observed, involving the excitation of two electrons and subsequent electronic autoionization. The possibility of controlling a reaction by controlling the duration of propagation of a wave packet on an electronically-excited surface is demonstrated. In high laser fields, the contributions from direct photoionization and from the second REMPI process to the total ion yield change, due to different populations in the electronic states participating in the multiphoton ionization (MPI) processes. In addition, a vibrational wave packet motion in the electronic ground state is induced through stimulated emission pumping by the pump laser. The 4^1 \summe^+_g shelf state of Na_2 is given as an example for performing frequency spectroscopy of highlying electronic states in the time domain. Pure wave packet effects, such as the spreading and the revival of a vibrational wave packet, are investigated. The three-dimensional wave packet motion in the Na_3 reflects the normal modes in the X and B states, and shows in addition the pseudorotational motion in the B state in real time.

Optimizing Robust Quantum Gates in Open Quantum Systems

We are currently at the cusp of a revolution in quantum technology that relies not just on the passive use of quantum effects, but on their active control. At the forefront of this revolution is the implementation of a quantum computer. Encoding information in quantum states as “qubits” allows to use entanglement and quantum superposition to perform calculations that are infeasible on classical computers. The fundamental challenge in the realization of quantum computers is to avoid decoherence – the loss of quantum properties – due to unwanted interaction with the environment. This thesis addresses the problem of implementing entangling two-qubit quantum gates that are robust with respect to both decoherence and classical noise. It covers three aspects: the use of efficient numerical tools for the simulation and optimal control of open and closed quantum systems, the role of advanced optimization functionals in facilitating robustness, and the application of these techniques to two of the leading implementations of quantum computation, trapped atoms and superconducting circuits. After a review of the theoretical and numerical foundations, the central part of the thesis starts with the idea of using ensemble optimization to achieve robustness with respect to both classical fluctuations in the system parameters, and decoherence. For the example of a controlled phasegate implemented with trapped Rydberg atoms, this approach is demonstrated to yield a gate that is at least one order of magnitude more robust than the best known analytic scheme. Moreover this robustness is maintained even for gate durations significantly shorter than those obtained in the analytic scheme. Superconducting circuits are a particularly promising architecture for the implementation of a quantum computer. Their flexibility is demonstrated by performing optimizations for both diagonal and non-diagonal quantum gates. In order to achieve robustness with respect to decoherence, it is essential to implement quantum gates in the shortest possible amount of time. This may be facilitated by using an optimization functional that targets an arbitrary perfect entangler, based on a geometric theory of two-qubit gates. For the example of superconducting qubits, it is shown that this approach leads to significantly shorter gate durations, higher fidelities, and faster convergence than the optimization towards specific two-qubit gates. Performing optimization in Liouville space in order to properly take into account decoherence poses significant numerical challenges, as the dimension scales quadratically compared to Hilbert space. However, it can be shown that for a unitary target, the optimization only requires propagation of at most three states, instead of a full basis of Liouville space. Both for the example of trapped Rydberg atoms, and for superconducting qubits, the successful optimization of quantum gates is demonstrated, at a significantly reduced numerical cost than was previously thought possible. Together, the results of this thesis point towards a comprehensive framework for the optimization of robust quantum gates, paving the way for the future realization of quantum computers.

Efficient Characterisation and Optimal Control of Open Quantum Systems - Mathematical Foundations and Physical Applications

Since no physical system can ever be completely isolated from its environment, the study of open quantum systems is pivotal to reliably and accurately control complex quantum systems. In practice, reliability of the control field needs to be confirmed via certification of the target evolution while accuracy requires the derivation of high-fidelity control schemes in the presence of decoherence. In the first part of this thesis an algebraic framework is presented that allows to determine the minimal requirements on the unique characterisation of arbitrary unitary gates in open quantum systems, independent on the particular physical implementation of the employed quantum device. To this end, a set of theorems is devised that can be used to assess whether a given set of input states on a quantum channel is sufficient to judge whether a desired unitary gate is realised. This allows to determine the minimal input for such a task, which proves to be, quite remarkably, independent of system size. These results allow to elucidate the fundamental limits regarding certification and tomography of open quantum systems. The combination of these insights with state-of-the-art Monte Carlo process certification techniques permits a significant improvement of the scaling when certifying arbitrary unitary gates. This improvement is not only restricted to quantum information devices where the basic information carrier is the qubit but it also extends to systems where the fundamental informational entities can be of arbitary dimensionality, the so-called qudits. The second part of this thesis concerns the impact of these findings from the point of view of Optimal Control Theory (OCT). OCT for quantum systems utilises concepts from engineering such as feedback and optimisation to engineer constructive and destructive interferences in order to steer a physical process in a desired direction. It turns out that the aforementioned mathematical findings allow to deduce novel optimisation functionals that significantly reduce not only the required memory for numerical control algorithms but also the total CPU time required to obtain a certain fidelity for the optimised process. The thesis concludes by discussing two problems of fundamental interest in quantum information processing from the point of view of optimal control - the preparation of pure states and the implementation of unitary gates in open quantum systems. For both cases specific physical examples are considered: for the former the vibrational cooling of molecules via optical pumping and for the latter a superconducting phase qudit implementation. In particular, it is illustrated how features of the environment can be exploited to reach the desired targets.

Función pedagógica de la imagen : la imagen, elemento fundamental en la formación de personas en general y en particular de aquellas que tienen necesidades educativas especiales.

Antología de trabajos de alumnos recopilada por el autor durante más de nueve años de ejercicio docente en la asignatura de educación plástica y visual en el IES La Flota de Murcia. Se presenta la antología con una propuesta de actividades para los dos ciclos de la ESO, un resumen de las actividades realizadas en cada uno de los cuatro cursos, para terminar con una presentación en detalle de cada una de ellas..

Revisiting the compositional data. Some fundamental questions and new prospects in Archaeometry and Archaeology

In this paper we examine the problem of compositional data from a different starting point. Chemical compositional data, as used in provenance studies on archaeological materials, will be approached from the measurement theory. The results will show, in a very intuitive way that chemical data can only be treated by using the approach developed for compositional data. It will be shown that compositional data analysis is a particular case in projective geometry, when the projective coordinates are in the positive orthant, and they have the properties of logarithmic interval metrics. Moreover, it will be shown that this approach can be extended to a very large number of applications, including shape analysis. This will be exemplified with a case study in architecture of Early Christian churches dated back to the 5th-7th centuries AD

A survey addressing the fundamental matrix estimation problem

Epipolar geometry is a key point in computer vision and the fundamental matrix estimation is the only way to compute it. This article surveys several methods of fundamental matrix estimation which have been classified into linear methods, iterative methods and robust methods. All of these methods have been programmed and their accuracy analysed using real images. A summary, accompanied with experimental results, is given

Análisis de las estrategias del movimiento indígena del cauca con respecto a la garantía y el ejercicio del derecho fundamental a la tierra. Caso de estudio: la lucha de los indígenas Paeces por recuperar el territorio de la hacienda la emperatriz (resguardo indígena huellas, municipio Caloto Cauca)

Análisis bajo la teoría gramsciana de las estrategias de los indígenas nasa para recuperar territorios ancestrales, como la hacienda la emperatriz.

La informaci??n vocacional como herramienta fundamental en el desarrollo vocacional del joven

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Incidencia de los Factores Políticos y Económicos del “Renacimiento Africano” como elemento fundamental para la consolidación de Sudáfrica como Potencia Emergente. Periodo: 1996-2010.

El Renacimiento Africano de Thabo Mbeki es un discurso que liga los aspectos políticos y económicos, a través del cual Sudáfrica logra maximizar sus opciones de política exterior. Y así reinsertarse de forma efectiva en el escenario internacional como una potencia media emergente superando el pasado de aislamiento durante la época del apartheid.

Les Germanies : un fet cabdal en la nostra història. 'Las Germanies : un hecho fundamental de nuestra historia'.

Se repasa uno de los acontecimientos fundamentales de la edad moderna en Mallorca, el episodio de las Germanies, y que nunca ha tenido un tratamiento adecuado en el aula. Se repasan las causas y hechos de este conflicto social, sus consecuencias y los principales hechos de armas acontecidos, de manera que puedan tener una utilización didáctica.

Estudi de la freqüència fonamental de la població mallorquina catalanoparlant de sis a deu anys. 'Estudio de la frecuencia fundamental de la población mallorquina catalanoparlante de seis a diez años'.

Resumen tomado de la propia revista

Derecho fundamental a la salud en la prestación pública de servicios de salud

Este trabajo busca realizar una aproximación general a los conceptos de salud, prestación pública del servicio de salud y de derechos fundamentales. Es especialmente necesario estudiar a profundidad lo expuesto legal, jurisprudencial y doctrinalmente sobre el Derecho a la Salud; sus principios, elementos y alcance, los cuales son en sí mismo el fundamento de la prestación de los servicios de salud. A su vez, se revisará lo relativo a la responsabilidad del Estado en la prestación de servicios de salud, teniendo en cuenta que esta responsabilidad es uno de los fines esenciales del Estado consignado en los artículos 2 y 49 de la Constitución Política de Colombia. Así mismo, en virtud del artículo 90 de la Carta Fundamental, el Estado es responsable patrimonialmente por los daños antijurídicos que le sean imputables cau-sados por la acción o la omisión de las autoridades públicas. En tal sentido es importante conocer los escenarios en los cuales las acciones u omisiones de funcionarios y entidades estatales pueden derivar en el incumplimiento de esta obligación. En consecuencia, se analizarán los elementos de la responsabilidad Estatal que se pueden tipificar como causas de incumplimiento en la prestación de los servicios de salud, tales como la falla en el servicio, la falla presunta en el servicio y el daño antijurídico. Es importante recalcar que la responsabilidad del Estado debe ir mucho más allá de la simple doctrina; es necesario que se garantice la aplicación de los recursos y medios para asegurar el cumplimiento, ya que se trata de la preservación de derechos fundamentales y más aún de aquellos relacionados con la preservación de la vida y dignidad de las personas. En tal sentido, se indagarán los compromisos del Estado tales como el deber de regulación y los deberes de inspección, vigilancia y control de los prestadores de servicios de salud. Una vez revisado lo anterior, se discutirán las problemáticas actuales que tienen lugar en la prestación de los servicios de salud y por ende en la garantía del derecho a la salud, con el fin de identificar las situaciones de vulneración de derechos fundamentales del paciente.

Procesos de colonización y conflicto en Colombia 1850 a 2001. El problema de la tenencia de la tierra como causa fundamental del conflicto

La situación del país por más de un siglo y medio, con respecto a la concentración y uso de la tierra, no ha permanecido inmóvil ante la mirada desobligante de los gobiernos y de la sociedad civil. El campo colombiano podría ser uno de los motores de la economía del país, puesto que ha pesar de la rápida urbanización, el campo es un factor de gran importancia para Colombia; sin embargo la estructura económica que se mantiene aun en estos tiempos es la del capitalismo dominante, al lado de grandes acumulaciones de tierra subutilizadas. Esta Monografía se dedico a realizar una documentación de las leyes que enmarcaron la colonización y el conflicto que han ocurrido en Colombia desde 1850, con el fin de presentar algunas soluciones al drama de la tierra, debido a que las conclusiones de este análisis, confirman la hipótesis de que la concentración de la tierra es la causa fundamental del conflicto colombiano. El problema acá planteado tiene sus orígenes en la formación de la República, y ha evolucionado a los largo del tiempo sin ninguna solución. El estudio de las Reformas Agrarias y de algunos decretos y leyes relevantes, demuestran la incapacidad de los gobiernos y de los congresistas, para cerrar la brecha existente entre campesinos y latifundistas. De esta forma haciendo un análisis por la historia de nuestro país, nos encontramos ante una realidad cada vez más compleja a la que se enfrenta la población campesina, pero que debe interesar a la nación entera, en tanto que este tema tiene que ver con asuntos económicos, políticos, ecológicos, entre otros, de cuya solución depende en gran parte el futuro de nuestro país.