Climate of fear in organisational settings: Construct definition, measurement and a test of theory

This paper reports a study that explored a new construct: climate of fear. We hypothesised that climate of fear would vary across work sites within organisations, but not across organisations. This is in contrast a to measures of organisational culture, which were expected to vary both within and across organisations. To test our hypotheses, we developed a new 13-item measure of perceived fear in organisations and tested it in 20 sites across two organisations (N = 209). Culture variables measured were innovative leadership culture, and communication culture. Results were that climate of fear did vary across sites in both organisations, while differences across organisations were not significant, as we anticipated. Organisational culture, however, varied between the organisations, and within one of the organisations. The climate of fear scale exhibited acceptable psychometric properties.

Social exclusion: practice and fear of exile (degredo) in Portuguese history

Vejo a sociedade portuguesa como sendo naturalmente inclusiva. Quero dizer que esta parece ser uma tendência mais forte do que, por exemplo, no meu país, nos Estados Unidos da América. Isto poderá explicar porque o degredo era eficaz e era muito temido. Dá para entender também os longos períodos de degredo em substituição de pena capital em Portugal. Segundo as estimativas do autor, pelo menos 50,000 portugueses foram deslocados para dentro e fora de Portugal continental entre 1550-1755. O número era muito significativo na segunda metade do século XVIII. O número dos degredados foi ainda maior no século XIX.

A fisioterapia no andebol

A articulação tíbio-társica (tornozelo) é considerada uma das articulações mais relevantes e mais susceptível à lesão, sendo que a entorse do tornozelo consiste na lesão mais comum em desportistas, com uma percentagem de ocorrência de 35% no andebol. Este trabalho centra-se, assim, na problemática das entorses do tornozelo nos jogadores de andebol e da sua relação com o treino proprioceptivo como medida preventiva. O objectivo do presente trabalho foi a realização de uma revisão sistemática que estuda o treino proprioceptivo na prevenção da entorse do tornozelo, para isso, tentámos identificar a possível relação entre entorse do tornozelo e treino proprioceptivo. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi uma revisão da literatura, sendo realizada uma pesquisa electrónica na base de dados da B-On, utilizando combinações de palavras-chave. No total resultaram 758 artigos, tendo sido pela sua relevância selecionados 29. Neste trabalho ficou evidente a relação do treino proprioceptivo com a prevenção da entorse do tornozelo. De todas as medidas preventivas o treino proprioceptivo é o que apresenta melhores resultados, pois, este tipo de treino está direccionado para uma estruturação da zona lesionada, fortalecendo os músculos e ligamentos, restaurando a componente proprioceptiva das estruturas danificadas e permitindo uma resposta mais rápida do Sistema Nervoso Central, aos vários estímulos a que está sujeito o atleta. Foi possível descrever em que consiste o treino proprioceptivo e os seus constituintes, adaptando-o ao andebol. Com esta revisão da literatura não foi possível obter um consenso sobre o efeito do treino proprioceptivo na prevenção de entorses do tornozelo.

Learner engagement in the construction of a relevant curriculum: the project RRC

International Conference: A Child's World - Next Steps, 25 June 2012 - 27th June 2014.

As emoções e o desenvolvimento da criatividade dos alunos de 3º ciclo, no âmbito da Composição Coreográfica, na Escola Vocacional de Dança das Caldas da Rainha

Relatório Final de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Dança, com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Dança.

Contribution of hospital effluents to the load of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewaters: Identification of ecologically relevant pharmaceuticals

The impact of effluent wastewaters from four different hospitals: a university (1456 beds), a general (350 beds), a pediatric (110 beds) and a maternity hospital (96 beds), which are conveyed to the same wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), was evaluated in the receiving urban wastewaters. The occurrence of 78 pharmaceuticals belonging to several therapeutic classes was assessed in hospital effluents and WWTP wastewaters (influent and effluent) as well as the contribution of each hospital in WWTP influent in terms of pharmaceutical load. Results indicate that pharmaceuticals are widespread pollutants in both hospital and urban wastewaters. The contribution of hospitals to the input of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewaters widely varies, according to their dimension. The estimated total mass loadings were 306 g d− 1 for the university hospital, 155 g d− 1 for the general one, 14 g d− 1 for the pediatric hospital and 1.5 g d− 1 for the maternity hospital, showing that the biggest hospitals have a greater contribution to the total mass load of pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, analysis of individual contributions of each therapeutic group showed that NSAIDs, analgesics and antibiotics are among the groups with the highest inputs. Removal efficiency can go from over 90% for pharmaceuticals like acetaminophen and ibuprofen to not removal for β-blockers and salbutamol. Total mass load of pharmaceuticals into receiving surface waters was estimated between 5 and 14 g/d/1000 inhabitants. Finally, the environmental risk posed by pharmaceuticals detected in hospital and WWTP effluents was assessed by means of hazard quotients toward different trophic levels (algae, daphnids and fish). Several pharmaceuticals present in the different matrices were identified as potentially hazardous to aquatic organisms, showing that especial attention should be paid to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and clarithromycin, since their hazard quotients in WWTP effluent revealed that they could pose an ecotoxicological risk to algae.

Effects of emotional valence and three-dimensionality of visual stimuli on brain activation: an fMRI study

BACKGROUND: Examining changes in brain activation linked with emotion-inducing stimuli is essential to the study of emotions. Due to the ecological potential of techniques such as virtual reality (VR), inspection of whether brain activation in response to emotional stimuli can be modulated by the three-dimensional (3D) properties of the images is important. OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to test whether the activation of brain areas involved in the emotional processing of scenarios of different valences can be modulated by 3D. Therefore, the focus was made on the interaction effect between emotion-inducing stimuli of different emotional valences (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral valences) and visualization types (2D, 3D). However, main effects were also analyzed.METHODS: The effect of emotional valence and visualization types and their interaction were analyzed through a 3x2 repeated measures ANOVA. Post-hoc t-tests were performed under a ROI-analysis approach. RESULTS: The results show increased brain activation for the 3D affective-inducing stimuli in comparison with the same stimuli in 2D scenarios, mostly in cortical and subcortical regions that are related to emotional processing, in addition to visual processing regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study has the potential of clarify brain mechanisms involved in the processing of emotional stimuli (scenarios’ valence) and their interaction with three-dimensionality.

Relevant elderly gait features for functional fitness level grouping

Locomotor tasks characterization plays an important role in trying to improve the quality of life of a growing elderly population. This paper focuses on this matter by trying to characterize the locomotion of two population groups with different functional fitness levels (high or low) while executing three different tasks-gait, stair ascent and stair descent. Features were extracted from gait data, and feature selection methods were used in order to get the set of features that allow differentiation between functional fitness level. Unsupervised learning was used to validate the sets obtained and, ultimately, indicated that it is possible to distinguish the two population groups. The sets of best discriminate features for each task are identified and thoroughly analysed. Copyright © 2014 SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. All rights reserved.

Amygdala activation in response to 2D and 3D emotion-inducing stimuli

Studying changes in brain activation according to the valence of emotion-inducing stimuli is essential in the research on emotions. Due to the ecological potential of virtual reality, it is also important to examine whether brain activation in response to emotional stimuli can be modulated by the three-dimensional (3D) properties of the images. This study uses functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to compare differences between 3D and standard (2D) visual stimuli in the activation of emotion-related brain areas. The stimuli were organized in three virtual-reality scenarios, each with a different emotional valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral). The scenarios were presented in a pseudo-randomized order in the two visualization modes to twelve healthy males. Data were analyzed through a GLM-based fixed effects procedure. Unpleasant and neutral stimuli activated the right amygdala more strongly when presented in 3D than in 2D. These results suggest that 3D stimuli, when used as “building blocks” for virtual environments, can induce increased emotional loading, as shown here through neuroimaging.

Risk Acceptance in the Furniture Sector: Analysis of Acceptance Level and Relevant Influence Factors

Risk acceptance has been broadly discussed in relation to hazardous risk activities and/or technologies. A better understanding of risk acceptance in occupational settings is also important; however, studies on this topic are scarce. It seems important to understand the level of risk that stakeholders consider sufficiently low, how stakeholders form their opinion about risk, and why they adopt a certain attitude toward risk. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to examine risk acceptance in regard to occupational accidents in furniture industries. The safety climate analysis was conducted through the application of the Safety Climate in Wood Industries questionnaire. Judgments about risk acceptance, trust, risk perception, benefit perception, emotions, and moral values were measured. Several models were tested to explain occupational risk acceptance. The results showed that the level of risk acceptance decreased as the risk level increased. High-risk and death scenarios were assessed as unacceptable. Risk perception, emotions, and trust had an important influence on risk acceptance. Safety climate was correlated with risk acceptance and other variables that influence risk acceptance. These results are important for the risk assessment process in terms of defining risk acceptance criteria and strategies to reduce risks.

Relevant prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum serogroups in HIV-1 infected men without urethritis symptoms

M. hominis and U. urealyticum are the better-known mycoplasma species pathogenic to the human genitourinary tract, causing mainly urethritis, bacterial vaginosis and pregnancy complications. In HIV-infected patients, the prevalence and role of these species is still not well known. The aim of this work was to determinate the prevalence of these species in this group of male patients (HIV group), in comparison to a group of men with clinical symptoms of urethritis (STD group). M. hominis was isolated from 7.5% patients (8/106) and U. urealyticum from 18.9% patients (20/106) from the HIV group, being among these 62.5% and 85% in significant concentrations, respectively. In the STD group these rates were 0.9% (1/110) for M. hominis and 13.6% (15/110) for U. urealyticum, being 100% and 93.3% in significant concentrations, respectively. We could demonstrate infection rates by these mycoplasma species in the HIV group as high as the one found in the STD one, what may indicate the occurrence of opportunistic infections in our population. This fact is discussed here because in immunosuppressed patients, specially M. hominis has been reported causing severe infections, even systemically.

Dor crónica lombar : incapacidade auto-reportada em trabalhadores das IPSS de Arronches e sua relação com factores psicossociais e intensidade da dor

RESUMO: Vários estudos realizados sugerem que os factores psicossociais (nível de satisfação laboral; nível educacional; a catastrofização da dor e crenças de medoevitamento)têm um importante papel como factores associados ao desenvolvimento de cronicidade da DL (Krismer & van Tulder, 2007; Kwon et al., 2006; Leclerc et al., 2009; Pincus, Santos, Breen, Burton e Underwood., 2008.) Objectivo: Analisar a associação entre as variáveis catastrofização da dor, crenças de medo-evitamento da dor e intensidade da dor com a incapacidade funcional auto-reportada, numa amostra de indivíduos com DCL. Metodologia: A população alvo foi constituída por 160 funcionários da Santa Casa da Misericórdia e Centro de Bem Estar Social de Arronches. Integraram a amostra 133 funcionários que se disponibilizaram a responder aos diferentes instrumentos de avaliação utilizados (“Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire”(RMQ); “ Questionário de Caracterização e Levantamento de Factores de Risco e Impacto associado à DCL”; “Pain Catastrophing Scale” (PCS) e o “Fear- Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire” (FABQ). A recolha de dados realizou-se entre Agosto e Novembro de 2010. Resultados: Neste estudo, verificou-se que 39,1 % dos indivíduos referiam DCL não específica. Relativamente à incapacidade funcional autoreportada, obteve-se um score médio 5,87 no RMQ. Obteve-se um valor de rs=0,425,p<0,01, para a associação entre a catastrofização da dor e incapacidade. Relativamente à associação entre crenças de medo-evitamento, sub-escala actividade física e incapacidade, foi obtido o valor de rs= 0,074 e para a associação entre as crenças de medo-evitamento, sub-escala trabalho e incapacidade, verificou-se rs=0,422, p<0,01. No que respeita à associação entre percepção da intensidade dor actual e a incapacidade, obteve-se um valor rs= 0,177 e a associação entre a dor percepcionada em 2009 e incapacidade, aferiu um resultado de rs=0,291, p<0,05. Conclusão: Concluímos que existe uma associação moderada entre catastrofização da dor e a incapacidade funcional auto-reportada, e também entre crenças de medo-evitamento relativamente ao trabalho e a incapacidade funcional auto-reportada. Relativamente à associação entre a dor percepcionada em 2009 e a incapacidade funcional auto-reportada a associação é baixa. Não sendo encontrada associação entre crenças de medo-evitamento relativamente à actividade física e a incapacidade funcional auto-reportada, nem para a associação entre percepção da intensidade da dor actual e a incapacidade. Esta pesquisa contribuiu assim, para dar a conhecer factores relevantes avaliar em indivíduos com DCL, podendo a sua modificação contribuir para a prevenir maiores níveis de incapacidade funcional ou melhorar a efectividade do tratamento utilizado. --------------------ABSTRACT: Several studies suggest that psychosocial factors (level of job satisfaction, education level, and the pain catastrophizing and fear-avoidance beliefs) have an important role as factors associated with development of chronicity LBP (Krisma & van Tulder, 2007 ; Kwon et al., 2006, Leclerc et al. 2009; Pincus, Santos, Breen, Burton and Underwood., 2008.) Objective: To assess the association between the variables of pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, pain, intensity pain and self-reported functional disability in a sample of people with chronic LBP. Methodology: The study consisted of 160 employees of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia and Centro de Bem Estar Social of Arronches. Integrated sample of 133 employees who agreed to respond to different assessment tools used (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), "Questionnaire Survey of Characterization and Risk Factors and Impact associated with the DCL," "Pain Catastrophing Scale(PCS) and "Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Data collection took place between August and November 2010. Results: In this study, it was found that 39.1% of subjects reported no specific chronic LBP. For the self-reported functional disability, we obtained a medium score of 5.87 on the RMQ. We obtained a value of rs = 0.425, p <0.01, for the association between catastrophizing in pain and disability. Regarding the association between fear-avoidance beliefs, sub-scale physical activity and disability, was obtained a value of rs = 0.074 and for the association between fear-avoidance beliefs, sub-scale work and disability, there was rs = 0.422, p <0.01. Regarding the association between perceived pain intensity and pain disability present we obtained a value rs = 0.177 association between pain and perceived disability in 2009 and measured an outcome of rs = 0.291, p <0.05.Conclusion: That there is a moderate association between catastrophizing and pain self-reported functional disability, and also between fear-avoidance beliefs in relation to employment and self-reported functional disability. Regarding the association between pain and perceived disability in 2009 self-reported the association is low. Not being an association between earavoidance beliefs for physical activity and self-reported functional disability, or for the association between perception of current pain intensity and disability. This research contributed so, to disclose relevant factors evaluate in individuals with chronic LBP, its modification may help to prevent higher levels of functional disability or improve the effectiveness of treatment used.

Functional and therapeutical implications of ligand recognition by the scavenger-like lymphocyte receptors CD5 and CD6

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Transgenerational Inheritance of Paternal Neurobehavioral Phenotypes: Stress, Addiction, Ageing and Metabolism

Epigenetic modulation is found to get involved in multiple neurobehavioral processes. It is believed that different types of environmental stimuli could alter the epigenome of the whole brain or related neural circuits, subsequently contributing to the long-lasting neural plasticity of certain behavioral phenotypes. While the maternal influence on the health of offsprings has been long recognized, recent findings highlight an alternative way for neurobehavioral phenotypes to be passed on to the next generation, i.e., through the male germ line. In this review, we focus specifically on the transgenerational modulation induced by environmental stress, drugs of abuse, and other physical or mental changes (e.g., ageing, metabolism, fear) in fathers, and recapitulate the underlying mechanisms potentially mediating the alterations in epigenome or gene expression of offsprings. Together, these findings suggest that the inheritance of phenotypic traits through male germ-line epigenome may represent the unique manner of adaptation during evolution. Hence, more attention should be paid to the paternal health, given its equivalently important role in affecting neurobehaviors of descendants.

Prostatic Arterial Supply: Anatomic and Imaging Findings Relevant for Selective Arterial Embolization

PURPOSE: To describe the anatomy and imaging findings of the prostatic arteries (PAs) on multirow-detector pelvic computed tomographic (CT) angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before embolization for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from May 2010 to June 2011, 75 men (150 pelvic sides) underwent pelvic CT angiography and selective pelvic DSA before PA embolization for BPH. Each pelvic side was evaluated regarding the number of independent PAs and their origin, trajectory, termination, and anastomoses with adjacent arteries. RESULTS: A total of 57% of pelvic sides (n = 86) had only one PA, and 43% (n = 64) had two independent PAs identified (mean PA diameter, 1.6 mm ± 0.3). PAs originated from the internal pudendal artery in 34.1% of pelvic sides (n = 73), from a common trunk with the superior vesical artery in 20.1% (n = 43), from the anterior common gluteal-pudendal trunk in 17.8% (n = 38), from the obturator artery in 12.6% (n = 27), and from a common trunk with rectal branches in 8.4% (n = 18). In 57% of pelvic sides (n = 86), anastomoses to adjacent arteries were documented. There were 30 pelvic sides (20%) with accessory pudendal arteries in close relationship with the PAs. No correlations were found between PA diameter and patient age, prostate volume, or prostate-specific antigen values on multivariate analysis with logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: PAs have highly variable origins between the left and right sides and between patients, and most frequently arise from the internal pudendal artery.