997 resultados para Extração do conhecimento. 4. Energia elétrica – Distribuição. 5. Sistemas multiagentes


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Este estudo analisa os resultados da mudança na estrutura de regulação do serviço público de energia elétrica, implementada, no âmbito da Reforma do Estado, no final dos anos 1990. Foi comparada a qualidade do serviço de distribuição no fornecimento de energia elétrica de duas empresas que atuam no Norte do Brasil, uma pública, outra privada. A última, ao ser penalizada pela agência reguladora, recorreu, sistematicamente, à judicialização dos processos punitivos. Essa estratégia não foi observada na atuação da empresa pública. Tal possibilidade institucional decorre de as agências serem dependentes do Judiciário que opera sob lógica estruturalmente diferente da lógica gerencial. Concluiu-se que a judicialização enseja comportamentos baseados na procrastinação no âmbito do arcabouço regulatório dos serviços públicos, bloqueando a estratégia pública de regulação.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Electrical energy is present in the lives of all people and is extremely important that it be delivered to end users with plenty of quality, safety and low costs. The electric power substations are responsible for transmission and distribution of electricity generating sources to consumers, and with technological advances and the subsequent automation of same, the electricity began to be delivered with greater continuity and reliability. Protection systems in substations are largely responsible for making the electricity reaches the final consumer with quality, since their function is to prevent the spread of any type of failure occurred at any point of transmission to the load centers. These systems consist primarily by the current transformers and potential, by the protective relays and circuit breakers and switchgear. The processors send the necessary data to the relays and, if those detect any abnormality in the system, operate the opening command of the branch circuit breakers to isolate where the fault. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the operation of such equipment, as well as the overall system. This work aims to study the main substation equipment, current transformers and potential and, especially, protection relays, in order to obtain the advantages that automated systems can provide

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The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

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The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The availability of the electrical energy, in sufficient quantities and in competitive prices is a crucial factor to the economic development. The trade-in of the excess electrical energy produced in a system of cogeneration can be seen as an alternative to the creation of an additional source of revenues for ethanol power plants sector, besides contributing to the complementation of the Brazilian electrical headquarter with renewable sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the implementation of a cogeneration electrical central using the excess of sugar cane bagasse and selling the excess of electrical energy with prices of the market. An ethanol power plant located in the state of Sao Paulo was used to this study. It was used the case study methodology, evaluating the potential of the investment under the viewpoint of the Net Present Value (NPV), Payback and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and complementing the results of the Accounting Results (AC). It was created three alternative scenarios to reflect the level of the risk of every studied situation: the most likely, an optimistic and a pessimistic, each one with its assumptions. The Monte Carlo Simulations was used to insert the elements of risk to each scenario. The results showed that the project is feasible in all NPV scenarios. And the Payback and IRR analysis confirmed these evidences. The valuation with the AR showed that the project is most risky at the pessimistic scenario, but is feasibly in the most likely and the optimistic scenarios. It was concluded that the project is economic viable. However, the economic viability shown in the results is based on the maintenance of the future prices on the levels of the historical prices used in the analysis.

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The public consultation n° 018/2014, for review the Module 8 of Procedures of Electricity Distribution (PRODIST), conducted by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), aims to improve the regulation of power quality, considering the phenomena harmonic distortion, voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and short term voltage variation. These regulatory changes impact in the way of analysis and treatment, of power quality disruption, by the electricity distribution. The developed work makes a study about the applications of these new regulatory requests and hopes to contribute with a better understanding. Through power quality measurements, in distribution substations, with different load profiles (industrial, urban and rural), was obtained a real view of the system, under the aspect of power quality, to evaluate the regulation adherence to the current version and proposed. In this case study, although being in accordance with the current methodology, happened a transgression of propose. With a comparative analysis, was possible to identify some phenomena that were more flexible in the proposed revision and others with more severe monitoring

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The public consultation n° 018/2014, for review the Module 8 of Procedures of Electricity Distribution (PRODIST), conducted by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), aims to improve the regulation of power quality, considering the phenomena harmonic distortion, voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and short term voltage variation. These regulatory changes impact in the way of analysis and treatment, of power quality disruption, by the electricity distribution. The developed work makes a study about the applications of these new regulatory requests and hopes to contribute with a better understanding. Through power quality measurements, in distribution substations, with different load profiles (industrial, urban and rural), was obtained a real view of the system, under the aspect of power quality, to evaluate the regulation adherence to the current version and proposed. In this case study, although being in accordance with the current methodology, happened a transgression of propose. With a comparative analysis, was possible to identify some phenomena that were more flexible in the proposed revision and others with more severe monitoring

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O Relatório de Sustentabilidade é um instrumento que visa dar maior transparência às atividades empresariais e ampliar o diálogo da organização com a sociedade, tendo em vista a necessidade de comunicar aos stakeholders suas práticas socioambientais, além das econômicas. A presente pesquisa buscou compreender de que forma as empresas do segmento de energia elétrica, listadas na BM&F BOVESPA como Nível 1 e Novo Mercado de Governança Corporativa divulgam aos interessados seus Relatórios de Sustentabilidade. Realizou-se análise documental, através dos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade das empresas do setor elétrico: CEEE, Cemig, Cesp, Copel, CPFL, CTEEP, EDP, Eletrobrás, Equatorial, Light, Tractebel e MPX. Foram analisados os relatórios referentes aos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012. Houve uma sutil evolução na divulgação dos indicadores da GRI-Global Reporting Initiative, possivelmente por serem reconhecidos internacionalmente, o que proporciona às empresas maior confiabilidade e transparência em suas informações.

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O referido projeto tem como objetivo principal a avaliação das capacidades técnicas, económicas e ambientais da ilha do Príncipe (República democrática de S. Tomé e Príncipe) para possibilitar a instalação de uma central piloto (500 kW) de produção de energia elétrica a partir de biomassa captada proveniente de la floresta (resíduos florestais) e campos agrícolas(resíduos agrícolas) com intuito de aumentar a potência total instalada na ilha. S. Tomé e Príncipe é um país subdesenvolvido e partilha de um dos maiores problemas dos países dessa categoria, a precária produção e distribuição da energia elétrica a população. Em S. Tomé e Príncipe estes problemas são derivados a fraca potência instalada e dependência de combustíveis fósseis. Especificamente na ilha do Príncipe, a situação é ainda mais complicada, situação prendesse com o facto de que o transporte de combustível da Ilha de S. Tomé para a ilha do Príncipe não se processar num regime contínuo, devido ao aumento do consumo pela população da Ilha do Príncipe conjugado com a fraca potência instalada e a falta de condições ideais de armazenamento de combustível, o que origina muitas falhas na distribuição de eletricidade ou uma racionalidade na sua distribuição. A racionalidade de distribuição de eletricidade na ilha do Príncipe segue o princípio de fornecimento em momentos de maior necessidade, isto é: horários em que as famílias se encontram juntas em suas casas (18 as 24h), períodos de maior produtividade da ilha (8 as 12h), com interregnos de várias horas na distribuição. Este princípio não respeita instituições como os hospitais onde a necessidade de energia elétrica permanente é uma necessidade. Outra motivação para a elaboração deste projeto é o facto de que a ilha do Príncipe a partir de ano 2012 passou a ser uma reserva da Biosfera da UNESCO. Este facto obrigou obviamente a ilha do Príncipe a ter uma maior preocupação com a sustentabilidade ambiental. Perante essas necessidades, surgiu a necessidade de criação de um projeto que tentasse cobrir as lacunas elétricas da Ilha do Príncipe. O projeto é ambicioso, não só para S. Tomé e Príncipe, mas também para todos os países da região e principalmente aqueles com grande potencialidade em biomassa florestal e agrícola.

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Relatório apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de pós-doutorado Ciências Empresariais, ramo de Marketing

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The binuclear complex [NBu4n](4)[Cr-2(ox)(5)]. 2CHCl(3) has been prepared by an ion-exchange procedure employing Dowex 50WX2 cation-exchange resin in the n-butylammonium form and potassium tris(oxalato)chromate(III). The dimeric complex was characterised by a crystal structure determination: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 29.241(7), b = 15.192(2), c = 22.026(5) Angstrom, beta = 94.07(1)degrees, Z = 4. The magnetic susceptibility (300-4.2 K) indicated that the chromium(III) sites were antiferromagnetically coupled (J = -3.1 cm(-1)).