Time valued life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from buildings

The UK has adopted legally binding carbon reduction targets of 34% by 2020 and 80% by 2050 (measured against the 1990 baseline). Buildings are estimated to be responsible for more than 50% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the UK. These consist of both operational, produced during use, and embodied, produced during manufacture of materials and components, and during construction, refurbishments and demolition. A brief assessment suggests that it is unlikely that UK emission reduction targets can be met without substantial reductions in both Oc and Ec. Oc occurs over the lifetime of a building whereas the bulk of Ec occurs at the start of a building’s life. A time value for emissions could influence the decision making process when it comes to comparing mitigation measures which have benefits that occur at different times. An example might be the choice between building construction using low Ec construction materials versus building construction using high Ec construction materials but with lower Oc, although the use of high Ec materials does not necessarily imply a lower Oc. Particular time related issues examined here are: the urgency of the need to achieve large emissions reductions during the next 10 to 20 years; the earlier effective action is taken, the less costly it will be; future reduction in carbon intensity of energy supply; the carbon cycle and relationship between the release of GHG’s and their subsequent concentrations in the atmosphere. An equation is proposed, which weights emissions according to when they occur during the building life cycle, and which effectively increases Ec as a proportion of the total, suggesting that reducing Ec is likely to be more beneficial, in terms of climate change, for most new buildings. Thus, giving higher priority to Ec reductions is likely to result in a bigger positive impact on climate change and mitigation costs.

Flavonoid-rich orange juice is associated with acute improvements in cognitive function in healthy middle-aged males

Purpose: Epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic consumption of fruit based flavonoids is associated with cognitive benefits, however, the acute effects of flavonoid rich drinks on cognitive function in the immediate postprandial period requires examination. The objective was to investigate whether consumption of flavonoid rich orange juice is associated with acute cognitive benefits over six hours in healthy middle-aged adults. Methods: Males aged 30-65 consumed a 240ml flavonoid rich (FR) orange juice (272mg) and a calorie matched placebo in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced order on two days separated by a two week washout. Cognitive function and subjective mood were assessed at baseline (prior to drink consumption) and 2hrs and 6hrs post consumption. The cognitive battery included eight individual cognitive tests. A standardized breakfast was consumed prior to the baseline measures, and a standardized lunch was consumed 3hrs post drink consumption. Results: Change from baseline analysis revealed that performance on tests of executive function and psychomotor speed was significantly better following the FR drink compared to the placebo. The effects for objective cognitive function were supported by significant benefits for subjective alertness following the FR drink relative to the placebo. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that consumption of flavonoid rich orange juice can acutely enhance objective and subjective cognition over the course of six hours in healthy middle-aged adults.

Connectivity-based parcellation of the human frontal polar cortex

The frontal pole corresponds to Brodmann area (BA) 10, the largest single architectonic area in the human frontal lobe. Generally, BA10 is thought to contain two or three subregions that subserve broad functions such as multitasking, social cognition, attention, and episodic memory. However, there is a substantial debate about the functional and structural heterogeneity of this large frontal region. Previous connectivity-based parcellation studies have identified two or three subregions in the human frontal pole. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging to assess structural connectivity of BA10 in 35 healthy subjects and delineated subregions based on this connectivity. This allowed us to determine the correspondence of structurally based subregions with the scheme previously defined functionally. Three subregions could be defined in each subject. However, these three subregions were not spatially consistent between subjects. Therefore, we accepted a solution with two subregions that encompassed the lateral and medial frontal pole. We then examined resting-state functional connectivity of the two subregions and found significant differences between their connectivities. The medial cluster was connected to nodes of the default-mode network, which is implicated in internally focused, self-related thought, and social cognition. The lateral cluster was connected to nodes of the executive control network, associated with directed attention and working memory. These findings support the concept that there are two major anatomical subregions of the frontal pole related to differences in functional connectivity.

Por uma teorização das organizações de produção artesanal: habilidades produtivas nos caminhos singulares do Rio de Janeiro

The purpose of this thesis is to support the argument that workmanship production centers don¿t represent just survival strategy of social groups marginal to economical structure. Workmanship organizations are productive schemes that survived, in a parallel way, to the industrialization process, although they don¿t have been considered by the organization theory. The knowledge reserve in administration, from the traditional approach to critical studies, increased concerns on industrial organizations and business arrangements. Nevertheless, it is possible to find in Teoria da Delimitação dos Sistemas Sociais, from Guerreiro Ramos, elements to comprehend workmanship organizations as: technology, scale and sustainability, cognition, space and relationship and time. The research methodology used was bibliographic, field and documental, regarding action-research. It comes to the conclusion that, at present time, to keep it as distinct productive schemes, workmanship organizations must be associated to tourism and culture. The production must be thematic, with territorial identity, creative and sustainable, by the management of local raw material.

Cognição em organizações: complexidade cognitiva e seus impactos no desempenho organizacional

Esta pesquisa assenta-se num campo emergente dos estudos organizacionais e de estratégia: Cognição Gerencial & Organizacional (Managerial e Organizational Cognition, daqui em diante, MOC). Avanços teóricos e metodológicos no campo da Ciência Cognitiva têm viabilizado o acesso, mapeamento e análise de como indivíduos produzem sentido e agem de modo inteligente. A aplicação desse ferramental tem permitido a mensuração do que se convencionou chamar “complexidade cognitiva situacional”, ou seja, o grau de diferenciação e integração com que uma pessoa percebe determinada situação, problema, objeto ou fenômeno. Tem havido, no entanto, controvérsias sobre a relação entre essa variável e, em ultima análise, o desempenho do indivíduo na realização de uma atividade e no alcance de resultados. Enquanto alguns estudos têm encontrado apenas relações residuais, grande parte das pesquisas têm encontrado relações positivas, na forma de “U invertido” ou, até mesmo, negativas entre complexidade cognitiva e desempenho. Nosso objetivo principal aqui é identificar como se deu essa relação na indústria siderúrgica no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2003. Para atingir esse objetivo estruturamos esta pesquisa como segue: no primeiro capítulo identificamos as principais bases teóricas e conceituais do campo. Advinda predominantemente da Filosofia, Sociologia e Ciência Cognitiva, essa base fornece os alicerces sobre os quais a Teoria de MOC, de um modo geral e esta pesquisa, em particular, se fundamentam. No capítulo seguinte apresentamos o campo de MOC em si, com especial ênfase sobre suas origens, processos cognitivos estudados, métodos de pesquisa e as principais relações causais exploradas. Em seguida apresentamos um estudo empírico realizado com dois experts e com os CFOs de três das principais companhias siderúrgicas no Brasil. Buscamos, primordialmente, identificar dois tipos de fenômenos nos dados obtidos: diferenças de complexidade cognitiva entre os experts e os executivos, e o tipo de relação existente entre a complexidade cognitiva dos executivos e o desempenho organizacional. Nesse capítulo apresentamos o problema de pesquisa, os objetivos da investigação, as hipóteses, a metodologia utilizada, os resultados e as análises. Finalmente, concluímos com alguns apontamentos em relação ao campo de MOC e à pesquisa empírica, avaliando algumas forças e fraquezas deste trabalho e sugerindo direções futuras de pesquisa nesse campo.

Estrutruras burocráticas e capacidade de ação: construindo burocracias autônomas e inseridas no Brasil

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a influência da configuração da estrutura burocrática das instituições públicas em sua capacidade de ação. Para este propósito tomouse como objeto de análise a estrutura de recursos humanos (RH) do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). Foi analisado o impacto da estrutura de RH destas instituições no desenvolvimento de suas ações no âmbito do Programa Mais Saúde: Direito de Todos, especificamente no que concerne ao Eixo do Complexo Industrial da Saúde, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. O estudo, de natureza descritivo-explicativa, teve sua coleta de dados realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. As pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais foram realizadas, precipuamente, a partir de relatórios sobre o programa e sobre as instituições participantes. Já a pesquisa de campo baseou-se em entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a gestores e ex-gestores de projetos do Programa, representantes de associações empresariais, bancos e agências de fomento. Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de coexistência de mecanismos flexíveis e tradicionais de recrutamento, indicando que, muito embora as deficiências dos sistemas de carreira meritocrático-weberianos ainda sejam perceptíveis no Brasil, é necessário investir na flexibilidade dos modelos individualistas de carreira, posto que as duas dimensões se retroalimentam e quando equilibradas, contribuem para a consolidação de um Estado autônomo e inserido.

Uma política de educação em ciência

A analise de uma experiencia educacional iniciada a partir de um convênio entre a UERJ e a FIOCRUZ permitiu a formulação de uma política de educação voltada para a melhoria da formação basica em ciência. A preocupação com o tema justifica -se pelo fato de que as sociedades científicas atuais impõem uma exigência para que seus individuos compreendam e participem das discussões que determinam. os rumos tomados por essas sociedades: saber ciência. A cibernética e as ciências de cognição, raízes da última Revolução Ciêntífica, cederam o paradigma holografico para embasar a concepção da educação usada como fundamento para a política formulada.

Desenvolvimento de argamassa para restauração utilizando resíduo do polimento do porcelanato

The coatings mortars are essential elements of building structures because they execute an important role in protecting walls and are particularly exposed to aggressive action responsible for its degradation over time. The importance of wall coverings has been the subject of discussion and analysis in the conservation and rehabilitation of old buildings. Are sometimes removed and replaced with inappropriate solutions of constructive point of view or architecture. The most commonly used coatings on walls of old buildings is based on traditional hydraulic lime mortars. The present study aims at the formulation of new lime- based mortars and aerial fine aggregate, in order to contribute to a better field of conservation and restoration mortar coating of old buildings. Residue was used for polishing porcelain as fine aggregate, replacing the aggregate (sand), in percentages 05-30% by mass. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the mortar properties in fresh and hardened state by comparing the performance of the same with a reference mortar. The residue used was characterized as the density, bulk density, and particle size laser, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Formulations were produced 7, 6 with residue and one commonly used formulation, which served as a reference. In the formulations of lime mortars air (hydrated lime powder CH-I) has been adopted a stroke volume (1:3) with constant binder, was varied and the water / binder and aggregate and waste. For evaluation of mortars fresh, proceeded to consistency analysis, specific gravity, water retention and air content embedded. In the hardened state assays were performed in specific gravity, water retention, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength in bending, compressive strength, water absorption by capillary action, adhesion, tensile strength, resistance to shrinkage and salts by of crystallization trials with resources chloride solution, nitrate and sulfate all sodium in prismatic at 90 days of age, in addition to the micro structural analysis of mortars. Based on the results we can see that the mortar formulated with 10% content of waste and the reference free retraction feature more stable closer to neutrality. The composition of 10% was obtained better performance against the action of the salt crystallization. The mortar with 15% residue obtained better density, lower air content embedded and high capacity for water retention developing good workability. The replacement of 20% of waste generates a satisfactory utilization of resistance to compression, flexion and traction grip the base. And, finally, it can be seen that the mortar with 10, 15 and 20% residual show, in principle, good suitability as coatings, thus enabling a final result consistent with durability, workability and aesthetics developing therefore a material with better performance to repair or replace existing mortars in old buildings

Brincar, atividade humana e ferramenta pedagógica no contexto escolar da região metropolitana de natal

This thesis talks about the use of guided educational tools in play and playful in public schools in the Metropolitan Region of Natal (MRN), contributing to the teaching and students learning of basic education in the contents of portuguese and mathematics. We assume that the play is an activity / human need and therefore implies the proper development of children in physical, psychological, biological, cultural, social and historical aspects. We consider the mediation exercised by the teacher in the classroom, and the affection existing between teacher and student, sine qua non terms, so that the truth and fact of the process of teaching and learning occur. Thus, theoretically collaborated Paulo Freire, with his dialogical vision; Lev S. Vygotsky says that we learn and why we develop; Lev S. Vygotsky that states that we learn and for that we develop ourselves; Pierre Bourdieu and the concept of habitus, as something embedded and therefore procedural, and the cultural capital that needs to be fed and (re)meaning at school; Luiz Pereira, Bernard Lahire, Gilles Brougère and others brought their theoretical contributions. The empirical field of research was composed by the Municipal School Professor Ulysses de Góis, located in the neighborhood of Nova Descoberta in Natal, and the Municipal School José Horacio de Góis, located in the community of Guanduba, in São Gonçalo do Amarante, municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Natal (MRN). We used as methodology the collaborative-action-research as a possible of effective participation of the research subjects, imputing them a voice and performance in the process, and not considering them just observers. The results indicate the effectiveness of the pedagogical tools in play and playful to the learning of students, but that alone is not able to solve all the problems of the school, other referrals need to be secured, as the planning of the actions to be developed in the school and in the classroom, systematized pedagogical orienttion for faculty, family participation/involvement in the school life of students, among other actions that need to be weighted so that education fulfills its role and promote the emancipation of the subject, because in the freireana liberating perspective, "the reading of the world preced the lecture of the word"

Apelação no código de processo civil: uma análise sob o prisma do princípio da efetividade

The present dissertation, elaborated is based on the deductive method, through the use of the General Theory of Resources concepts, by the main types of judgments existing in the Code of Civil Procedure, the interlocutory judgment and sentence, as well as the features and effects that challenge these decisions, we sought to identify on this theme one of the greatest evils facing the justice system in the world, which is the processing delays. This slowness in adjudication affects seriously the principle of effectiveness, one of the postulates of procedural law and society as a whole. Thus, the use of tort serves to fight the interlocutory decision and appeal which challenges the judge`s ruling. It is a resource for excellence in appellate system as it meets with the most awaited decision of the process. In weighing the importance of the appeal that seeks to oppose the court decision today by the numerous reforms that the procedural system has been through, it has ended up to transform the process ineffective or inconsistent, for it is much easier to have efficacy in a interlocutory decision for preliminary injunction than by judgment on the merits of the judge. This is due to the prevision of the resources and their effect to those decisions. That is, the interlocutory decision involves interlocutory appeal only in the devolved effect, allowing its provisional execution, and the sentence has as recourse to appeal the double effect, remanding and suspension, which necessarily prevents its provisional execution. But it undeniably shows a paradox, because as to give effect to a measure that is based on a mere probability by a summary cognition, partial and superficial, and stop it on a decision by a court that is closer to the truth and sure, for a full and depleting cognition? It is seriously affect the principle of effectiveness. Therefore, starting from this ineffectiveness, sought to defend the solution of this problem with the approval of the bill n. º 3.605/2004 or the new Code of Civil Procedure project that modifies the general rule the effects of appeal. That is, remanding and suspensive, as to merely remanding effect to and thereby enable the provisional execution of the judgment of the court of the first degree of jurisdiction, giving effectiveness and enhancing the decision of the magistrate, making a fair distribution of time in the process and better guaranteed principle of access to justice

O hipertexto eletrônico de meio ambiente : estratégias de leitura e navegação

The incorporation of computing in class instigate the use of the Internet and websites as a content support in the teaching/leaning process. This kind of practice had challenged the students to read through eletronic hypertextual means. In that way, we re trying to undestand which strategies of reading and navigation the students of the second and third grade of highschool levels are using when reading electronic hypertexts from the www.ambientebrasil.com.br website. The research took place in the Escola Estadual Jerônimo Rosado in Mossoró RN. Our theoretical base was estructured on the digital Technology (electronic hypertext estructure and it s navigation modes), in applied linguistics (act of reading) and in cognition (interaction of the reader with the text and the use of reading strategies in the virtual computing enviroment). The applied methodology was the case analysis which was developed with the reunion of collected data through qualitative reseach questionaries, direct observations and video recording sessions. The research demonstrates that reader s ability in the act of navigating on virtual sites activates his/her reading strategies. Also shows how the semantic architecture of the hyperlinks can interfere directly over the strategies of reading and navigation in specific websites. Our research also intend to demonstrate that the student use his strategies of linear text reading when are not accustomed to use the reading through websites in a regular basis. The investigation concludes observing that the amount of hypertexts per pages and the inappropriate use of the multimedia elements were harmful to the reading fluency

O cuidador familiar do idoso com alzheimer: percepções e sentimentos

The Brazilian Constitution maintains that care for elderly people is a responsibility shared by the state, the family and the society. The politics for the elderly corroborate this understanding and treats home as a privileged place for elderly care taking. This determines the participation of the familiar as a caregiver, but highlights the lack of strategic assistance for the needs of the relative caregiver who feels helplessly and unattended in their responsibility for elderly homecare. In recent years , despite the recently pursuit for health and life quality, there is an increasing incidence of elderly patients with dementia diseases that lead to disability, the most common among then is the Alzheimer´s disease. This disease affects seriously and irreversibly cognition, memory and independence of the elderly, making it dependent on others to perform basic activities of daily life, for all his life. The present study aims to evaluate the perceptions and feelings of family caregivers of elders with Alzheimer on the role of caregiver. This is a qualitative study conducted with family caregivers of seniors with Alzheimer´s, caregivers linked to the group of the Specialized Care Center of the Elderly´s Health, located in Natal / RN. Through semi-structured interview research sought to investigate the perceptions of family caregivers on the role of caregiver, the feelings and the changes in the caregiver´s life since they assumed this role. The data were organized into categories and units of semantic analysis and analyzed using thematic content analysis by Bardin. The reports originated three categories: the perception of the role of caregiver, feelings related to the caregving and consequences of the caregiver role. Perceptions of caregivers of elderly from the requirement of dedication to the care generates losses in personal and professional life for the familiar who assumes this responsibility. The lack of family and social support, aggravates the burden of care for the dependent elderly. Public health politics for the elderly recognize the importance and needs of family caregivers, but not enough to provide support and meet the needs and assist them in supporting their limitations. The research results show the urgent need to take measures to assist the caregivers of seniors with Alzheimer, recognizing them as an action of promotion quality of life and health of the elderly and protection the health of the caregiver

Inversores integrados monofásicos aplicados em sistemas fotovoltaicos com conexão à rede de distribuição de energia elétrica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Imunoexpressão dos marcadores de apoptose em tumores epiteliais de anexos oculares de cães

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Versos modernos: a paisagem amazônica no imaginário poético de Adalcinda Camarão

Este estudo propõe a análise temática de alguns poemas da poeta paraense Adalcinda Magno Camarão Luxardo (1915-2005), levando em consideração os aspectos do imaginário e os elementos, imagens, símbolos e espaço, inseridos e refletidos em suas produções poéticas. A escritora nasceu na cidade de Muaná, na Ilha do Marajó-Pa, e se inseriu no cenário cultural literário paraense como uma das poucas mulheres que militaram no universo da arte durante este período, quando ainda normalista, passou a fazer parte dos grupos de estudantes que lutavam em frentes literárias. Importante é dizer que a autora contribuiu com revistas literárias que circulavam na sociedade belemense na primeira metade do século XX – Guajarina, A Semana e Amazônia –, que ajudaram a difundir sua habilidade poética, além de escrever para os jornais O diário e a Província, o que demonstra sua inserção e importância na cena literária daquele momento, nos auspícios da constituição de um movimento literário local. Portanto, esta pesquisa encontra-se voltada para a análise dos poemas de Adalcinda que deixam transparecer as relações de imaginário, imagens, símbolos e espaço, procurando fazer analogias com autores como: Gilbert Durand (1997), François Laplantine e Liana Trindade (1997), em um panorama com base antropológica; Gaston Bachelard (2008), com suas considerações sobre o espaço poético; e Milton Santos (2006), no que se refere à ideia de paisagem, situando ainda as visões fenomenológicas acerca desses temas através de Sartre (1996).