Tradition in a free society : the fideism of Michael Polanyi and the rationalism of Karl Popper

Michael Polanyi and Karl Popper offer contrasting accounts of social tradition. Popper is steeped in the heritage of the Enlightenment, while Polanyi interweaves religious and diverse secular strands of thought. Explaining the liberal tradition, Polanyi features tacit knowledge of rules, standards, applications and interpretations being transmitted by “craftsmen” to “apprentices.” Each generation adopts the liberal tradition on “faith,” commits to creatively developing its art of knowledge-in-practice, and is drawn to the spiritual reality of ideal ends. Of particular interest to Popper is the rationality of social traditions. Likened by him to scientific theories, Popper’s traditions are criticizable and improvable, assisting agents to understand, and act in, the world as stable and predictable. Polanyi’s is the more informative rendering of tradition. Polanyi delves deeply into important areas where Popper only scratches their surface: the tacit dimension, transmission by way of apprenticeship, the meaning of tradition for those who participate in it, and the extent of its authority over them.

Neo-positivist or neo-kantian? Karl Popper and the Vienna Circle.

This paper re-contextualises Popper within a Kantian tradition by examining his interaction with the Vienna Circle. The complexity of Popper’s relationship to the Vienna Circle is often a point of confusion as some view him as a member of the Vienna Circle while others minimise his association with this group. This paper argues that Popper was not a member of the Vienna Circle or a positivist but shared many neo-Kantian philosophical tendencies with the members of the Circle as well as many of their philosophical problems and interests. By better understanding the influence of the Circle’s members upon Popper, we not only remove the myths surrounding Popper’s positivism, but also place the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle within its proper philosophical context. This paper further argues that it was Popper’s friend during his formative philosophical years in Vienna, Julius Kraft (1921–1960) who was responsible for the way in which Popper approached Kant. Through Kraft, Popper was introduced to the thought of Leonard Nelson (1882–1927) and Jakob Fries (1773–1843) as well as a tradition of critical rationalism which Popper would continue both in his methodological orientation as well as through his late German Enlightenment intellectual values.

Michael Polanyi and Karl Popper : the fraying of a long-standing acquaintance

Based upon archival correspondence and their publications, this essay analyzes the interaction of Karl Popper and Michael Polanyi. Popper sent Polanyi for review in 1932 an early draft of The Logic of Discovery. Friedrich Hayek helped both Polanyi and Popper publish some of their writings in the forties. Polanyi renewed his acquaintance with Popper in the late forties when Popper took a position at the London School of Economics and they met to discuss common interests. In the early fifties, as Polanyi prepared and presented his Gifford Lectures and published The Logic of Liberty, Polanyi became increasingly clear and articulate in distinguishing his social philosophy and philosophy of science from Popper’s ideas. Polanyi’s 1952 paper “The Stability of Belief” forthrightly presented Polanyi’s post-critical ideas that Popper overtly rejected in an important letter. After this, they had little to do with each other.

Karl Popper on Jewish nationalism and cosmopolitanism

This paper re-contextualizes Karl Popper’s thought within the anti-nationalist cosmopolitan tradition of the Central European intelligentsia. It argues that, although Popper was brought up in an assimilated Jewish Viennese household, from the perspective of the Jewish Enlightenment or Haskalah tradition, he can be seen to be a modern day heterodox Maskil (scholar). Popper’s ever present fear of anti-Semitism and his refusal to see Judaism as compatible with cosmopolitanism raise important questions as to the realisable limits of the cosmopolitan ideal. His inability to integrate an understanding of Jewishness in his cosmopolitan political ideal resulted in his strong opposition to Zionism and the state of Israel. By comparing Popper’s positions with those of Hermann Cohen, another neo-Kantian philosopher, I argue that although their solutions fall short in certain respects, their arguments have continuing purchase in recent debates on cosmopolitanism and the problem of the integration of minority groups. In addition, the arguments of the Jewish Enlightenment thinkers offer important insights for the current debates on minority integration and xenophobia.

Educação e exclusão : uma abordagem ancorada no pensamento de Karl Marx

Este trabalho discute o conceito de exclusão social e suas implicações na educação, tomando como fundamento teórico o pensamento de Karl Marx. Seu objetivo é possibilitar embasamento conceitual sólido para as pesquisas no campo da educação, bem como a articulação de uma rede categorial adequada para a compreensão e intervenção nos fenômenos educativos. Inicialmente, é feita uma exposição do conjunto da obra de Marx, sob a perspectiva temática da exclusão. Em seguida, é investigado o fenômeno da exclusão social na literatura contemporânea, tanto nas ciências sociais, em geral, quanto na educação, em particular. Como resultado da pesquisa, concluiu-se que: 1) o círculo exclusão/inclusão é constitutivo necessário da lógica do capital, como condicionante de seu processo; 2) o conceito exclusão pode ter valor analítico, dentro de uma rede categorial complexa, como instrumento de reflexão do aparecer imediato do sistema do capital.

Perfil de usuários da Biblioteca Karl A. Boedecker

Técnicas de inteligência artificial, aplicadas a dados de transações de empréstimo do acervo de uma biblioteca, podem gerar recomendações de itens relevantes para usuários e pesquisadores. O sistema sugerido neste relatório é baseado em procedimentos de consolidação e conexão de registros em um data mart, associados às técnicas de análise de cestas, análise de agrupamentos e análise de redes, numa estratégia de cooperação indireta. No modelo aqui proposto, os itens da biblioteca são consolidados em assuntos significativos e grupos temáticos. Os usuários, por outro lado, são separados por grupos temáticos e segmentados segundo seu perfil de leitura. Por meio de consolidação são criadas listas para cada subgrupo especializado obtido, contendo recomendações específicas, temáticas e gerais. Sugere-se a utilização de transações virtuais para aperfeiçoar as recomendações. Além de servir a bibliotecas, o modelo proposto tem aplicabilidade direta em livrarias virtuais e pode ser adaptado para praticamente qualquer tipo de empreendimento em e-business.

Análise de redes em procedimentos de cooperação indireta: utilização no sistema de recomendações da Biblioteca Karl A. Boedecker

Sistemas de recomendação baseados cooperação indireta podem ser implementados em bibliotecas por meio da aplicação de conceitos e procedimentos de análise de redes. Uma medida de distância temática, inicialmente desenvolvida para variáveis dicotômicas, foi generalizada e aplicada a matrizes de co-ocorrências, permitindo o aproveitando de toda a informação disponível sobre o comportamento dos usuários com relação aos itens consultados. Como resultado formaram-se subgrupos especializados altamente coerentes, para os quais listas-base e listas personalizadas foram geradas da maneira usual. Aplicativos programáveis capazes de manipularem matrizes, como o software S-plus, foram utilizados para os cálculos (com vantagens sobre o software especializado UCINET 5.0), sendo suficientes para o processamento de grupos temáticos de até 10.000 usuários.

Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833) e suas obras em Teoria dos Números

The present thesis is an analysis of Adrien-Marie Legendre s works on Number Theory, with a certain emphasis on his 1830 edition of Theory of Numbers. The role played by these works in their historical context and their influence on the development of Number Theory was investigated. A biographic study of Legendre (1752-1833) was undertaken, in which both his personal relations and his scientific productions were related to certain historical elements of the development of both his homeland, France, and the sciences in general, during the 18th and 19th centuries This study revealed notable characteristics of his personality, as well as his attitudes toward his mathematical contemporaries, especially with regard to his seemingly incessant quarrels with Gauss about the priority of various of their scientific discoveries. This is followed by a systematic study of Lagrange s work on Number Theory, including a comparative reading of certain topics, especially that of his renowned law of quadratic reciprocity, with texts of some of his contemporaries. In this way, the dynamics of the evolution of his thought in relation to his semantics, the organization of his demonstrations and his number theoretical discoveries was delimited. Finally, the impact of Legendre s work on Number Theory on the French mathematical community of the time was investigated. This investigation revealed that he not only made substantial contributions to this branch of Mathematics, but also inspired other mathematicians to advance this science even further. This indeed is a fitting legacy for his Theory of Numbers, the first modern text on Higher Arithmetic, on which he labored half his life, producing various editions. Nevertheless, Legendre also received many posthumous honors, including having his name perpetuated on the Trocadéro face of the Eiffel Tower, which contains a list of 72 eminent scientists, and having a street and an alley in Paris named after him

Concepção e papel da política em Karl Marx: uma perspectiva possível do Manifesto do Partido Comunista à Comuna de Paris

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A crítica do conceito de verdade na filosofia da ciência de Karl Popper e o ensino de ciências

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O método da construção especulativa e a categoria trabalho abstrato no pensamento de Karl Marx

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR