El ombligo del aparato anímico freudiano : Un recorrido sobre lo no conocido [unnerkant]

El presente trabajo se propone explorar el uso que hace Freud de la categoría de lo 'no conocido' (unnerkant) a partir de la expresión 'el ombligo del sueño' utilizada en 'La Interpretación de los Sueños'. Intentando recorrer el lugar que tiene esta categoría en el pensamiento Freudiano y en la noción de Aparto Anímico, se recorrerán dos textos articulados a 'La Interpretación de los Sueños': 'Algunas notas adicionales a la interpretación de los sueños en su conjunto' y el 'Complemento Metapsicológico a la doctrina de los sueños'. El ombligo del sueño aparece mencionado en una breve y oscura referencia que realiza Freud en 'La Interpretación de los Sueños' en la cual se localiza lo "no conocido" en el Aparato Anímico. Años más tarde, esta categoría vuelve a ser mencionado en las 'Notas adicionales'. Se trata de tres breves escritos pensados por su autor como anotaciones al final de la Interpretación de los sueños. Algo en ellos, escandalizó a la comunidad analítica de su época y nunca tendrán ese destino. Freud se ocupa allí de temáticas complejas, polémicas: 'Los límites de la interpretabilidad', 'La responsabilidad moral por el contenido de los sueños', y 'El significado ocultista del sueño'. Allí nuevamente Freud no retrocede ante lo 'no conocido'. Nos detendremos en el tercero en donde Freud aborda el enigma de los fenómenos de adivinación, intentando explicarse cómo puede explicarse el mensaje que se recibe 'supuestamente' desde afuera, desde el adivino. Articulará estos fenómenos a un mecanismo que denomina 'transferencia inmediata': alguna moción reprimida pasó del consultante al adivino mientras éste distraía su atención. ¿Cuál es la mediación que no se produjo? ¿Qué lugar tiene allí la atención? Estas preguntas nos llevarán a pensar un modo de operación del Aparato Anímico descripto en 'La Interpretación de los Sueños' como 'Procesos Incorrectos': El segundo sistema solo inviste una representación si está en condiciones de inhibir el desarrollo de displacer que parte del primer sistema. Lo que se sustraiga de esta inhibición queda inasequible al segundo sistema. Por otro lado, dado que el proceso secundario adviene tardíamente, las mociones y deseos del inconsciente, 'núcleo de nuestro ser', permanecen no inhibibles, inasequibles a la investidura del preconsciente. Pero si lo reprimido se inviste con la moción inconsciente y es abandonado por la investidura prcc, queda a merced del proceso psíquico primario y apunta a la descarga motriz o a la reanimación alucinatoria de la identidad perceptiva. Los llama 'Procesos incorrectos', modos de trabajo primario del aparato, cuando ha sido librado de la inhibición. Se muestran allí desplazamientos y contaminaciones idénticos a la 'falta de atención' El lugar entonces de la atención y la conciencia (o Segundo Sistema) nos llevará a una última articulación con el 'Complemento Metapsicológico a la doctrina de los sueños'. Allí Freud estudia la creencia en la realidad del cumplimiento de deseo en el sueño, que pone en serie con algunos fenómenos alucinatorios. Este fenómeno lo llevara a proponer un dispositivo: el examen de realidad. Dirá que se trata del dispositivo que establece la diferencia entre realidad y deseo. El caso de la Psicosis Alucinatoria de Deseo, pondrá en evidencia que puede un deseo cumplido figurarse con creencia plena, como si fuese una realidad exterior. Así, podemos pensar que no ya en el sistema Inconsciente (Primer Sistema), sino en este caso en el Segundo Sistema hay un punto, un punto en el que el aparato se abre y no al mundo exterior. De modo que podemos pensar que para Freud, a la hora de formalizar su experiencia en lo que se conocerá como 'Aparato Anímico' las categorías adentro y afuera no permitirían dar cuenta de su espacialidad. Del mismo modo que los tres tiempos y su clásico ordenamiento, tampoco permiten inscribir la temporalidad con la que tal aparato revela su funcionamiento La exploración de lo no conocido (unnerkant) recorre fenómenos que plantean esta dificultad: algo es abierto y cerrado al mismo tiempo. Como un ombligo. Nos interesa subrayar que, si tenemos en cuenta las 'Notas' y el 'Complemento' esto atraviesa también el funcionamiento del segundo sistema. De modo que parece extenderse al funcionamiento del aparato y no sólo del Inconsciente. Es decir, permite pensar un aparato abierto-cerrado al mismo tiempo

Distribution of marine litter at bathyal and abyssal depths in the Mediterranean Sea

The distribution, type and quantity of marine litter accumulated on the bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean seafloor has been studied in the framework of the Spanish national projects PROMETEO and DOS MARES and the ESF-EuroDEEP project BIOFUN. Litter was collected with an otter trawl and Agassiz trawl while sampling for megafauna on the Blanes canyon and adjacent slope (Catalan margin, north-western Mediterranean) between 900 and 2700 m depth, and on the western, central and eastern Mediterranean basins at 1200, 2000 and 3000 m depth. All litter was sorted into 8 categories (hard plastic, soft plastic, glass, metal, clinker, fabric, longlines and fishing nets) and weighed. The distribution of litter was analysed in relation to depth, geographic area and natural (bathymetry, currents and rivers) and anthropogenic (population density and shipping routes) processes. The most abundant litter types were plastic, glass, metal and clinker. Lost or discarded fishing gear was also commonly found. On the Catalan margin, although the data indicated an accumulation of litter with increasing depth, mean weight was not significantly different between depths or between the open slope and the canyon. We propose that litter accumulated in the canyon, with high proportions of plastics, has predominantly a coastal origin, while litter collected on the open slope, dominated by heavy litter, is mostly ship-originated, especially at sites under major shipping routes. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, although a higher amount of litter seemed to be found on the Western Mediterranean, differences of mean weight were not significant between the 3 geographic areas and the 3 depths. Here, the shallower sites, also closer to the coast, had a higher proportion of plastics than the deeper sites, which had a higher proportion of heavy litter and were often affected by shipping routes. The weight of litter was also compared to biomass of megafauna from the same samples. On the Blanes slope, the biomass of megafauna was significantly higher than the weight of litter between 900 and 2000 m depth and no significant differences were found at 2250 and 2700 m depth. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, no significant differences were found between biomass and litter weight at all sites except in two sites: the Central Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where biomass was higher than litter weight, and the Eastern Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where litter weight was higher than biomass. The results are discussed in the framework of knowledge on marine litter accumulation, its potential impact on the habitat and fauna and the legislation addressing these issues.

Short electrodynamic tethers

ED bare theters are best systems to deorbit S/C at end of service. For near polar orbits, usual tethers kept vertical by the gravity gradient, yield too weak magnetic drag. Here we propose keeping tethers perpendicular to the orbital plane. they mus be rigid and short for structural reasons, requiring power supply like Ion thrusters. terher tube-booms that can be rolled up on a drum would lie on each side of the S/C. One boom, carying in idle Hollow Cathode, collects electrons; the opposite boom's HC ejects electrons.

Disparador MIDI para batería

La batería acústica es un instrumento de percusión muy complejo que requiere altas dosis de coordinación, interdependencia y musicalidad. Los músicos necesitan nuevas formas de desarrollarse y expresarse. Buscando caminos que mejoren su comprensión. Así también los aprendices requieren herramientas para poder disfrutar del instrumento musical. Construir un disparador MIDI mejora esas prestaciones. Aumenta la cantidad de soni-dos, es adaptable a la forma de tocar y simplifica los conceptos evitando problemas a los principiantes. Actualmente existen escasos disparadores MIDI en el mercado. En su lugar se presen-tan módulos electrónicos con altas características, complejos de utilizar y con alto coste. El proyecto a implementar consiste en un disparador MIDI, un equipo cuyo fin es cap-tar los impactos que efectúa un músico; un percusionista. En el proyecto se estudian y analizan las problemáticas a las que se enfrenta este tipo de dispositivo, se propondrá distintas soluciones de concepto y, finalmente se construirá dicho sistema que será probado en un ordenador personal. Con un ideal en mente, emular una batería acústica y ser un proyecto abierto en el sentido de ser modulable y ampliable. ABSTRACT. Drum set is a very complex percussion instrument that requires a lot of coordination, interdependence and musicality. Musicians need new ways to develop and express themselves, as well as learners re-quire tools to enjoy the musical instrument. Build a MIDI drum trigger improves these benefits. It increases the amount of sounds, is customizable and simplifies problems for drummer beginners. There are currently a few MIDI triggers on the market. Instead, electronic modules with high features, complex to use and they are sold at high cost. The aim of the project is to implement a MIDI drum trigger, a kit to capture the impact that percussionist makes. The project studies and analyzes the problems which this type of device. Different solutions concept will be proposed and finally the system will be built. With an ideal in mind, emulate an acoustic drum.

Apuntes sobre la percepción subconsciente en el cine: el ejemplo de Alien, el octavo pasajero (1979) y su propuesta orgánica de atracción/repulsión

En una revisión profunda en la que se aportan datos hasta ahora inéditos, el presente artículo analiza nuevas claves de por qué la película Alien, el octavo pasajero (Ridley Scott, 1979), ha causado una atracción sobredimensionada del espectador en su estreno y reposición a lo largo de más de tres décadas. Se propone la tesis de que el film emplea un conjunto de símbolos audiovisuales ocultos o semi-ocultos que provocan sensaciones de placer/displacer (eros y tanatos) y son las causantes directas de sus nutridas afinidades. Se explicita además cómo en el diseño/ presentación de un universo alienígena aparentemente nuevo (respecto al cine de ciencia ficción precedente) el espectador asume una mímesis identificativa y orgánica que se introduce en las profundidades del inconsciente, despertando un interés sorprendente entre audiencias de diferentes generaciones y edades. Se analiza el fenómeno subliminal o subconsciente en el cine, desde el punto de vista de la percepción, a partir de los experimentos publicitarios de los años 50 en una sala de exhibición de los Estados Unidos. También se estudia por primera vez el curioso paralelismo del argumento de la película con el impacto mediático previo y simultáneo del primer bebé probeta nacido el 25 de julio de 1978, en pleno inicio del rodaje de este film en los estudios londinenses Shepperton.

Proposal of a New Parameter for the Weathering Characterization of Carbonate Flysch-Like Rock Masses: The Potential Degradation Index (PDI)

The susceptibility of clay bearing rocks to weathering (erosion and/or differential degradation) is known to influence the stability of heterogeneous slopes. However, not all of these rocks show the same behaviour, as there are considerable differences in the speed and type of weathering observed. As such, it is very important to establish relationships between behaviour quantified in a laboratory environment with that observed in the field. The slake durability test is the laboratory test most commonly used to evaluate the relationship between slaking behaviour and rock durability. However, it has a number of disadvantages; it does not account for changes in shape and size in fragments retained in the 2 mm sieve, nor does its most commonly used index (Id2) accurately reflect weathering behaviour observed in the field. The main aim of this paper is to propose a simple methodology for characterizing the weathering behaviour of carbonate lithologies that outcrop in heterogeneous rock masses (such as Flysch slopes), for use by practitioners. To this end, the Potential Degradation Index (PDI) is proposed. This is calculated using the fragment size distribution curves taken from material retained in the drum after each cycle of the slake durability test. The number of slaking cycles has also been increased to five. Through laboratory testing of 117 samples of carbonate rocks, extracted from strata in selected slopes, 6 different rock types were established based on their slaking behaviour, and corresponding to the different weathering behaviours observed in the field.

Structural Analysis with ANSYS on Stone Constructions in the Historical Spanish Heritage

According to the importance of rehabilitation and recovery of Architectural Heritage in the live of people, this paper is aimed to strengthen the traditional methods of stone vaults calculation taking advantage of the technological characteristics of the powerful program ANSYS Workbench. As an example of this, it could find out the possible pathologies that could arise during the construction history of the building. To limit this research, the upper vault of the main chapel of the Santiago parish church in Orihuela -Alicante- is selected as a reference which is a Jeronimo Quijano´s important building work in the XVI century in the Renaissance. Moreover, it is an innovative stone masonry vault that consists of 8 double intercrossed arches with each other and braced by severies. During the seventeenth century there was a lantern in the central cap and it is unknown why it was removed. Its construction could justify the original constructive solution with intercrossed arches that freed the center to create a more enlightened and comfortable presbytery. By similarity with other Quijano’s works, it is considered a small lantern drilling the central spherical cap. It is proposed to carry out a comparative study of it with different architectural solutions from the same period and based on several common parameters such as: a vault of square plant with spherical surround, intercrossed arches, a possible lantern, the dimension of the permitted space, similar states of loads and compact limestone masonry. The three solutions are mainly differentiated by their size and the type of lantern and its comparison lets us know which one is the most resistant and stable. The other two building works maintain some connection with the Quijano's professional scope. It has selected the particular case of the Communion chapel of the Basilica in Elche (a large prismatic lantern with a large cylindrical drum that starts from the own arches and an upper hemispherical dome), for its conservation, its proximity to Orihuela and its implementation during the century XVIII. Finally, a significant Dome Spanish Renaissance complete the selection: a cross vault of the Benavides Chapel of the Saint Francisco Convent in Baeza - Jaén-, designed by Andres of Vandelvira in the sixteenth century (a large hemispherical dome that starts from the own arcs). To simplify the calculation and standardize the work that have to be contrasted, all of them were considered with some similar characteristics: 30 cm constant thickness, the intercrossed arches were specifically analyzed and had identical loads, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Regarding the calculation solutions, in general terms, the compressive stresses predominate, influencing on it the joint collaboration of the filling material on the vault, the vault itself, the thick side walls, the buttresses and the top cover weight . In addition, the three solutions are suitable, being the Orihuela one the safest and the Baeza one the riskiest for its large dimensions. Thus, the idea of intercrossed arches with suitable thickness would allow carry out the heaviest lantern and this would confirm it as a Renaissance architectural typology built in stone.

Djabote [videorecording]: Senegalese drumming & song from master drummer Doudou N'Diaye Rose

A film of Eric Serra's audio recording session of Doudou N'Diaye Rose and his drumming ensemble outdoors on the island of Gorée, off the coast of Dakar, Senegal. The film concentrates on two performances -- one shot in daytime, and one at night. Two performances are filmed, punctuated by images of the island.

Rolling resistance of tires measured under transient and equilibrium conditions on Calspan's tire research. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Systems Development and Technology, Washington, D.C.

Equilibrium and transient rolling resistance of truck tires measured on Calspan's tire research facility. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of Noise Abatement, Washington, D.C.

Production engineering of automotive triaxial crash recorder, Model 35500. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Oriental philosophies,

First ed., by R. F. Moore, published in 1946.

The chorus and choir : a superior collection of standard choruses, part-songs and anthems suitable for colleges, normals, choirs, choral societies, musical conventions, singing schools, etc., etc. /

Includes index.