Division of Mitochondria Requires a Novel DNM1-interacting Protein, Net2p

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo frequent division and fusion, but the molecular mechanisms of these two events are not well understood. Dnm1p, a mitochondria-associated, dynamin-related GTPase was previously shown to mediate mitochondrial fission. Recently, a genome-wide yeast two-hybrid screen identified an uncharacterized protein that interacts with Dnm1p. Cells disrupted in this new gene, which we call NET2, contain a single mitochondrion that consists of a network formed by interconnected tubules, similar to the phenotype of dnm1Δ cells. NET2 encodes a mitochondria-associated protein with a predicted coiled-coil region and six WD-40 repeats. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates that Net2p is located in distinct, dot-like structures along the mitochondrial surface, many of which colocalize with the Dnm1 protein. Fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy shows that Dnm1p and Net2p preferentially colocalize at constriction sites along mitochondrial tubules. Our results suggest that Net2p is a new component of the mitochondrial division machinery.

Long-term change in the organization of inventive activity

Relying on a quantitative analysis of the patenting and assignment behavior of inventors, we highlight the evolution of institutions that encouraged trade in technology and a growing division of labor between those who invented new technologies and those who exploited them commercially over the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. At the heart of this change in the organization of inventive activity was a set of familiar developments which had significant consequences for the supply and demand of inventions. On the supply side, the growing complexity and capital intensity of technology raised the amount of human and physical capital required for effective invention, making it increasingly desirable for individuals involved in this activity to specialize. On the demand side, the growing competitiveness of product markets induced firms to purchase or otherwise obtain the rights to technologies developed by others. These increasing incentives to differentiate the task of invention from that of commercializing new technologies depended for their realization upon the development of markets and other types of organizational supports for trade in technology. The evidence suggests that the necessary institutions evolved first in those regions of the country where early patenting activity had already been concentrated. A self-reinforcing process whereby high rates of inventive activity encouraged the evolution of a market for technology, which in turn encouraged greater specialization and productivity at invention as individuals found it increasingly feasible to sell and license their discoveries, appears to have been operating. This market trade in technological information was an important contributor to the achievement of a high level of specialization at invention well before the rise of large-scale research laboratories in the twentieth century.

Mechanisms and streams for processing of “what” and “where” in auditory cortex

The functional specialization and hierarchical organization of multiple areas in rhesus monkey auditory cortex were examined with various types of complex sounds. Neurons in the lateral belt areas of the superior temporal gyrus were tuned to the best center frequency and bandwidth of band-passed noise bursts. They were also selective for the rate and direction of linear frequency modulated sweeps. Many neurons showed a preference for a limited number of species-specific vocalizations (“monkey calls”). These response selectivities can be explained by nonlinear spectral and temporal integration mechanisms. In a separate series of experiments, monkey calls were presented at different spatial locations, and the tuning of lateral belt neurons to monkey calls and spatial location was determined. Of the three belt areas the anterolateral area shows the highest degree of specificity for monkey calls, whereas neurons in the caudolateral area display the greatest spatial selectivity. We conclude that the cortical auditory system of primates is divided into at least two processing streams, a spatial stream that originates in the caudal part of the superior temporal gyrus and projects to the parietal cortex, and a pattern or object stream originating in the more anterior portions of the lateral belt. A similar division of labor can be seen in human auditory cortex by using functional neuroimaging.

Circular / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology.

no. 1-36

Conditions of labor in American industries: a summarization of the results of recent investigations

by W. Jett Lauck and Edgar Sydenstricker.

The condition of women workers under the present industrial system: an address by Ida M. Van Etten at the National Convention of the American Federation of Labor held at Detroit, Michigan, December 8th, 1890

At head of title: Publication of the American Federation of Labor.

Index of all reports issued by Bureaus of Labor Statistics in the United States, prior to March 1, 1902

prepared under the direction of Carroll D. Wright ; for the use of the United States Department of Labor.

Comparative wages, prices, and cost of living: (from the Sixteenth annual report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, for 1885)

Historical review of wages and prices. 1752-1860 -- Comparative wages, prices, and cost of living: Massachusetts and Great Britain. 1860-1883.

Journal concerning the bequest and division of James Winthrop's personal library, 1822-1826

As described in the above biographical note, Winthrop bequeathed most of his library – including his father John Winthrop's books – to the newly established Allegheny College in Pennsylvania. All the books in his library did not go to Allegheny, though, and Winthrop bequeathed over 500 books to two individuals, Thaddeus Mason Harris and Harriet H. Peck. This paper-bound journal contains three lists: one list of all the books which were part of this bequest, with notations indicating their financial value; another list of "Mrs. Peck's part in the division of the legacy" (i.e. the books she selected); and another list of "TM Harris's part of Judge Winthrop's Legacy" (the books he selected). The lists indicate that Peck and Harris chose books from the library on February 3, 1822, and that the few books which remained afterwards were sold by Deacon Hilliard and the profits returned to Peck and Harris.

Catalogue of Chinese rubbings from Field Museum / researched by Hoshien Tchen, M. Kenneth Starr ; prepared by Alice K. Schneider ; photographs by Herta Newton, and Field Museum Division of Photography ; edited by Hartmut Walravens.

n.s. no.3(1981)

Mammals of the Chicago area / by Colin C. Sanborn, Assistant, Division of Mammals.

no.8(1925)

Surveyors' division of Kittery farm between Nicholas Shapleigh and John Shapleigh, Jan. 12, 1739/40, with paper wrapper from 1798

Paper wrapper reads: "Nicholas Shapleigh & John Shapleigh / Division of farm at Kittery / Recorded January 31st, 1798 / 17 cents duty." The legal document establishing the division of the land is signed by each of the three surveyors: Nicholas Morrell(?), William Fry, and Daniel Emery.

Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology.

no. 7-11 (1897-1898)

Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology.

no. 12-18 (1898-1899)

Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology.

23-29