Brexit – lessons from four referenda on the European Union (EU) in Denmark. EU Centre, Policy Brief No. 8, June 2015

From 1972 to 1993 Denmark staged four referenda on the EU. Two of them in particular hold valuable lessons for Britain seeking new terms - in June 1992 on the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty), the Danes voted “NO” with a slim majority; this was followed by another vote on the treaty in May 1993 on the Edinburgh Agreement with a “YES” vote. Joergen Oerstroem Moeller was directly involved in all four referenda and served 1989-1997 as State-Secretary in the Royal Danish Foreign Ministry. The result of a referendum may and often will be decided by policy decisions shaping the electorates’ perception long before the voting takes place. The majority votes according to instinct and intuition and is often guided by emotions. The Danish case highlights the importance of defining clearly specific exceptions, working hard to explain the case (at home and abroad), establishing good-will, and conveying that exceptions are in principle temporary and do not require treaty changes. The objectives laid out at the start of the process must be achievable. The member state in question should not manoeuvre itself into humiliating back-pedalling at the final negotiation round: if so it arouses suspicion among the electorate that it is being manipulated and deceived. During the campaign media attention will primarily focus on dissent and scepticism presenting the establishment with the tedious task of confuting accusations of all kinds. The YES camp will be pushed into the defensive by the NO camp setting the agenda. Time and effort and political capital needed to be invested for the positive outcome.

Information Guide: Denmark. March 2016

A guide to information sources on the Kingdom of Denmark, with hyperlinks to information within European Sources Online and on external websites.

(Tables 1-2) Composition of red coloured tills from Schobuell, Schleswig-Holstein and Møn Island, Denmark

The stratigraphic position of the glacially transported 'Scholle' (large-size erratic block) at Schobüll near Husum (Schleswig-Holstein) is now considered to be Devonian rather than 'Rotliegendes'. The 'Scholle', consisting of red clay and dolomite, is overlain by red-colored till without any flint but with up to 90% carbonate clasts (containing 15% dolomite), which indicates an eastern Baltic origin. The relationship of the 'Scholle' with the glacial till also points to an eastern Baltic origin for it, with up to 1 000 km transport distance.

Songs from the North : representative songs of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, /

The volume includes songs by Niels Gade, Edvard Grieg, Agathe Gröndahl, Halfdan Kjerulf, Christian Sinding and others.

General censuses and vital statistics in the Americas: an annotated bibliography of the historical censuses and current vital statistics of the 2l American republics, the American sections of the British Commonwealth of Nations, the American colonies of Denmark, France, and the Netherlands, and the American territories and possessions of the United States.

At head of title: United States Dept. of Commerce, Jesse H. Jones, secretary. Bureau of the Census, J.C. Capt, director... United States Library of Congress, Archibald MacLeish, librarian. Reference Dept., David C. Mearns, director.

Short view of the political situation of the northern powers: founded on observations made during a tour through Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, in the last seven months of the year 1800; with conjectures on the probable issue of the approaching contest.

Mode of access: Internet.