Etnobotânica e percepção ambiental de pescadores e coletoras tradicionais submetidos à escassez de recursos vegetais silvestres

In our first chapter was recorded the perception of fishermen and gatherers of Patané about the absence of local forests, was collected a list of species considered locally as strategic use, the ethnoknowledge associated with those, and identify which of these plants are already perceived as scarce in the region. In the second chapter, was studied all species of plants known by the community, the associated knowledge and the various uses. Were used individual interviews, formal and semi-structured, that have been consecutively applied to sampled respondents not probabilistically by snowball. Were collected socioeconomic data of informants. A adequacy test was performed. Guided tours were conducted to gather photographs and samples witnesses of plants, all identified by the usual methods of botany. Excerpts of the interviews on perceptions appear by looking for consensual information. Some data were presented by descriptive statistics. Were mounted two lists of plants, one with the strategic use and one with all the species listed in the study. It was shown that knowledge about plants remains resilient despite the forest resources now no longer be available.

Etnobotânica e percepção ambiental de pescadores e coletoras tradicionais submetidos à escassez de recursos vegetais silvestres

In our first chapter was recorded the perception of fishermen and gatherers of Patané about the absence of local forests, was collected a list of species considered locally as strategic use, the ethnoknowledge associated with those, and identify which of these plants are already perceived as scarce in the region. In the second chapter, was studied all species of plants known by the community, the associated knowledge and the various uses. Were used individual interviews, formal and semi-structured, that have been consecutively applied to sampled respondents not probabilistically by snowball. Were collected socioeconomic data of informants. A adequacy test was performed. Guided tours were conducted to gather photographs and samples witnesses of plants, all identified by the usual methods of botany. Excerpts of the interviews on perceptions appear by looking for consensual information. Some data were presented by descriptive statistics. Were mounted two lists of plants, one with the strategic use and one with all the species listed in the study. It was shown that knowledge about plants remains resilient despite the forest resources now no longer be available.

Toxicidade de extratos vegetais ao percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto Thaumastocoris peregrinus (hemiptera: heteroptera: thaumastocoridae) e organismos não-alvo

Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae ) is an insect from Australia which is causing severe damage to eucalyptus crops around the world. When feeding from the leaves sap, it causes bronzening, and in extreme cases, may lead to the tree death. Control methods have been studied and the most promising so far is the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Alternative products from plants with insecticidal properties could also be a viable option, and they might even be used concomitantly with C. noackae, aiming for a most effective control, but still safe for the environment. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the action of 5% aqueous plant extracts of Matricaria chamomilla, Echinodorus grandiflorus, Punica granatum, Maytenus ilicifolia a n d Origanum majorana on T. peregrinus. In addition, we aimed to study the extracts potential toxicity to C. noackae and Gallus domesticus L., since the plant compounds might have negative effect upon the non-target organisms. At first, HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was used to verify which phenolic compounds would be found in the plant extracts. These were tested on bronze bug adults, in confinement test (to verify the insecticidal action of the extracts) and free-choice test (to verify the repellency). The extracts that showed better results were selected for further tests with non-target organisms. Regarding C. noackae, pre-parasitism and post-parasitism, confinement and free-choice tests were performed to verify if the extracts would affect the host-choosing by the female or the development of the immature stages of the parasitoid. To verify if the extracts would be toxic to G. domesticus, the plant extracts were added to young birds feed for five days. Parameters such as weight gain, food intake, quantification of serum enzymes and histopathological analysis were carried out. HPLC analysis detected gallic, ferulic, vanillic, caffeic and cumaric acid in the extracts samples. All plant extracts tested reduced T. peregrinus survival, but E. grandiflorus, Matricaria chamomilla Maytenus ilicifolia had also a repellent effect, and were tested on the non-target organisms. None of these extracts affected neither the host choice by C. noackae nor adult emergency, when compared to the control group. In addition, the extracts did not cause alterations in any of the studied parameters. Thus, we verified that E. grandiflorus, Matricaria chamomilla and Maytenus ilicifolia have potential to be used to control T. peregrinus and are safe to C. noackae and G. domesticus.

Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de adubação nitrogenada para a cultura do milho em integração lavoura-pecuária

Traditionally in no-tillage systems, fertilization is done to the catch crop. In general nutrient cycling in crop systems has not been treated as an important tool in the process of nutrient supplying for plants. The type and the condition in which vegetable residuesis decomposed can affect the efficiency of nutrient cycling.This study assessed the effect of anticipated nitrogen fertilization in crop-livestock systems on cultivated cornproduction, rate ofnutrient release from plant residue, and theN-minerallevels of soil. The study was carried out in the city Abelardo Luz (SC) in a Clayey Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was N Fertilization Time: in the N-Pasture level, nitrogen (200 kg ha-1 N) and N-Grains level, no nitrogen was applied. The second factor was the Grazing Height, characterized by two sward heights of oat at 15 cm (Low Height Pasture) and at 30 cm (High Height Pasture). Corn hybrid ‘Máximus’ was sowed in 10thOctober, 31 days after the removal of animals. In the twelve resulting plots from the combination of treatments on pasture phase (N Fertilization Time x Grazing Height) rates of N-fertilizer (0, 100, 200 e 300 Kg ha-1 of N) as urea were allocated in the split plot.We conclude that anticipated N fertilization of winter cover crop pasture to provide high-quality forage and carry-over N to the subsequent corn crop and may eventually replace side drees nitrogen fertilization on corn and can improve overall N fertilizer efficiency use in integrated crop-livestock systems.The rate of K release from plant residues is very fast, releasing large quantities in the first days after plant desiccation.Despite of considerably high nitrogen dose used in both the pasture and at the grain crop it was not observed nitrate leaching risks during the study period.

Efeito do GQ-02, derivado de tiazolidinadionas, sobre a aquisição de fenótipo termogênico pelo adipócito in vivo e em cultura de células

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2016.

Carbono total do solo em área de cultivo de meloeiro sob diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo e coberturas vegetais.

O uso de coquetéis vegetais no manejo agrícola pode aumentar o teor de carbono e melhorar a qualidade do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo e do uso de coquetéis vegetais como cultura de cobertura sobre o teor de carbono total do mesmo. As amostras de solo foram coletadas, nas camadas de 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm e 20-40 cm, após o quarto ciclo de produção de melão, em um experimento de longa duração, instalado no Campo Experimental Bebedouro, na Embrapa Semiárido, com arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas dois sistemas de manejo de solo (com revolvimento e sem revolvimento) e nas subparcelas dois coquetéis vegetais (CV1- 75% leguminosas + 25% gramíneas e oleaginosas; CV2- 25% leguminosas + 75% gramíneas e oleaginosas) e uma vegetação espontânea (VE), com delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Determinou-se o carbono total do solo por meio do analisador elementar modelo TruSpec CN Leco. Verificou-se que o uso de diferentes coberturas vegetais sob manejo do solo sem revolvimento promove aumento do teor de carbono total do mesmo na camada 0-5 cm.

Cultural studies and the urgency of interdisciplinarity : sooner, not later, we're going to need a cultural science (Os Estudos Culturais e a urgência por interdisciplinaridade: cedo, e não tarde, vamos precisar de uma Ciência da Cultura)

Most of creativity in the digital world passes unnoticed by the industry practices and policies, and it isn't taken into account in the cultural and economic strategies of the creative industries. We should find ways to catalyze this creative production, showing how the user's contribution may contribute to social learning, cultural and economic advancement. To that effect, we must know what is an open creative system and how it works. Based on this diagnosis, the author that interdisciplinarity is urgent and there is also a need for a science of culture. What is at stake is a strategy of integrated development, as regards the upcoming innovation in its complex, productive and learning aspects.

Propuesta educativa para la promoción de una cultura de donación de órganos

La escasez de órganos para donación y trasplante es un problema acuciante que involucra a toda la sociedad. Existen diversos prejuicios, racionales y emocionales, por los que muchas personas son reacias a donar sus órganos, sin saber o sin comprender que este gesto podría salvar vidas. El autor ahonda en esta problemática médico-social y plantea una propuesta para revertirla, comenzando con la educación desde el nivel primario y abarcando diferentes niveles educativos y ámbitos de la sociedad. Pone especial énfasis en la formación de los jóvenes, y su entorno social y familiar, quienes juegan un papel preponderante en el desarrollo de futuros programas educativos. Esta propuesta es integral y no implica controversias legales ni éticomorales, por lo que se presenta como una alternativa para derribar las barreras, conscientes e inconscientes, y la desinformación generadoras de una sociedad no donante que se niega una posibilidad de vida a sí misma.

Revista Cultura Económica, 2014, Año XXXII nº 88 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial -- Artículos: El discernimiento espiritual en la toma de decisiones / Luk Bouckaert -- El redescubrimiento de la filosofía personalista de Jacques Maritain / Opdebeeck, Henrik -- Emprendedorismo guiado por la espiritualidad / Zsolnai, Laszlo -- ¿Podemos formar líderes responsables? / de Bettignies, Henri Claude -- La concepción de la sabiduría según los managers / Thompson, Mike -- Reseñas de libros

Nuevas cartografías del libro de viajes contemporáneo : la cultura especular

Número monográfico: El viaje y sus discursos

El conocimiento técnico (y la cultura tecnocrática moderna) : aportes del realismo

Resumen: El conocimiento técnico parece estar sobrevalorado. Esta situación puede provenir de una consideración aislada de aquel tipo de conocimiento. Una correcta integración de los saberes, incluida la técnica, tiende a un desarrollo más armónico de los fines del ser humano.