845 resultados para Corporations -- Headquarters
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The rapid expansion of the mineral and metal mining sector in the past decade was accompanied by an increase in social conflicts. What are the impacts of large-scale mining operations? What are the strategies used by transnational corporations to gain access to underground resources and legitimize their activities? And how do local and indigenous communities confronted with mining react to, negotiate with and resist these activities? This book covers 13 case studies of copper, gold, uranium and other mining operations, situated in Latin America, Africa, Asia, Australia and Switzerland. With an extensive introduction to the subject and a systematic comparison across mining operations in different phases of development and social contexts, it serves as a primer and reference book for activists, students and researchers alike.
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This study employs confidential affiliate-level panel data to improve measures of foreign affiliate activities of Japanese firms in manufacturing sectors. Combining existing data on U.S. MNCs with the Japanese data, we illustrate the pattern and determinant of their foreign affiliate sales by destination market across countries and industries for the period 1989-2005. Among our results, Japanese and U.S. MNCs are similar in the substantial growth of their foreign affiliate sales and the importance of sales to local markets. However, Japanese MNCs are distinctive from U.S. MNCs in that Japanese affiliate sales in Asia were prominently higher in host markets with lower educational attainment.
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Proyecto de la sede del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Madrid
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Esta Tesis surgi ante la intensidad y verosimilitud de varias seales o warnings asociadas a polticas dirigidas a reducir el peso del petrleo en el sector energtico, tanto por razones econmicas, como geopolticas, como ambientales. Como tal Tesis se consolid al ir incorporando elementos novedosos pero esenciales en el mundo petrolfero, particularmente las tecnologas habilitantes, tanto de incidencia directa, como el fracking como indirecta, del cual es un gran ejemplo el Vehculo Elctrico (puro). La Tesis se defini y estructur para elaborar una serie de indagaciones y disquisiciones, que comportaran un conjunto de conclusiones que fueran tiles para las corporaciones energticas. Tambin para la comprensin de la propia evolucin del sector y de sus prestaciones tcnicas y econmicas, de cara a dar el servicio que los usuarios finales piden. Dentro de las tareas analticas y reflexivas de la Tesis, se acuaron ciertos trminos conceptuales para explicar ms certeramente la realidad del sector, y tal es el caso del Investment burden, que pondera la inversin especfica (/W) requerida por una instalacin, con la duracin del perodo de construccin y los riesgos tanto tangibles como regulatorios. Junto a ello la Tesis propone una herramienta de estudio y prognosis, denominada Market integrated energy efficiency, especialmente aplicable a dicotomas. Tal es el caso del coche trmico, versus coche elctrico. El objetivo es optimizar una determinada actividad energtica, o la productividad total del sector. Esta Tesis propone varias innovaciones, que se pueden agrupar en dos niveles: el primero dentro del campo de la Energa, y el segundo dentro del campo de las corporaciones, y de manera especial de las corporaciones del sector hidrocarburos. A nivel corporativo, la adaptacin a la nueva realidad ser funcin directa de la capacidad de cada corporacin para desarrollar y/o comprar las tecnologas que permitan mantener o aumentar cuota de mercado. Las conclusiones de la Tesis apuntan a tres opciones principalmente para un replanteamiento corporativo: - Diversificacin energtica - Desplazamiento geogrfico - Beneficindose de posibles nuevos nichos tecnolgicos, como son: En upstream: Recuperacin estimulada de petrleo mediante uso de energas renovables En downstream: Aditivos orientados a reducir emisiones En gestin del cambio: Almacenamiento energtico con fines operativos Algunas polticas energticas siguen la tendencia de crecimiento cero de algunos pases de la OCDE. No obstante, la realidad mundial es muy diferente a la de esos pases. Por ejemplo, segn diversas estimaciones (basadas en bancos de datos solventes, referenciados en la Tesis) el nmero de vehculos aumentar desde aproximadamente mil millones en la actualidad hasta el doble en 2035; mientras que la produccin de petrleo slo aumentar de 95 a 145 millones de barriles al da. Un aumento del 50% frente a un aumento del 100%. Esto generar un curioso desajuste, que se empezar a sentir en unos pocos aos. Las empresas y corporaciones del sector hidrocarburos pueden perder el monopolio que atesoran actualmente en el sector transporte frente a todas las dems fuentes energticas. Esa prdida puede quedar compensada por una mejor gestin de todas sus capacidades y una participacin ms integrada en el mundo de la energa, buscando sinergias donde hasta ahora no haba sino distanciamiento. Los productos petrolferos pueden alimentar cualquier tipo de maquina trmica, como las turbinas Brayton, o alimentar reformadores para la produccin masiva de H2 para su posterior uso en pilas combustible. El almacenamiento de productos derivados del petrleo no es ningn reto ni plantea problema alguno; y sin embargo este almacenamiento es la llave para resolver muchos problemas. Es posible que el comercio de petrleo se haga menos voltil debido a los efectos asociados al almacenamiento; pero lo que es seguro es que la eficiencia energtica de los usos de ese petrleo ser ms elevada. La Tesis parta de ciertas amenazas sobre el futuro del petrleo, pero tras el anlisis realizado se puede vislumbrar un futuro prometedor en la fusin de polticas medioambientales coercitivas y las nuevas tecnologas emergentes del actual portafolio de oportunidades tcnicas. ABSTRACT This Thesis rises from the force and the credibility of a number of warning signs linked to policies aimed at reducing the role of petroleum in the energy industry due to economical, geopolitical and environmental drives. As such Thesis, it grew up based on aggregating new but essentials elements into the petroleum sector. This is the case of enabling technologies that have a direct impact on the petroleum industry (such as fracking), or an indirect but deep impact (such as the full electrical vehicle). The Thesis was defined and structured in such a way that could convey useful conclusions for energy corporations through a series of inquiries and treatises. In addition to this, the Thesis also aims at understating la evolution of the energy industry and its capabilities both technical and economical, towards delivering the services required by end users. Within the analytical task performed in the Thesis, new terms were coined. They depict concepts that aid at explaining the facts of the energy industry. This is the case for Investment burden, it weights the specific capital investment (/W) required to build a facility with the time that takes to build it, as well as other tangible risks as those posed by regulation. In addition to this, the Thesis puts forward an application designed for reviewing and predicting: the so called Market integrated energy efficiency, especially well-suited for dichotomies, very appealing for the case of the thermal car versus the electric car. The aim is to optimize energy related activity; or even the overall productivity of the system. The innovations proposed in this Thesis can be classified in two tiers. Tier one, within the energy sector; and tier two, related to Energy Corporation in general, but with oil and gas corporations at heart. From a corporate level, the adaptation to new energy era will be linked with the corporation capability to develop or acquire those technologies that will yield to retaining or enhancing market share. The Thesis highlights three options for corporate evolution: - diversification within Energy - geographic displacement - profiting new technologies relevant to important niches of work for the future, as: o Upstream: enhanced oil recovery using renewable energy sources (for upstream companies in the petroleum business) o Downstream: additives for reducing combustion emissions o Management of Change: operational energy storage Some energy policies tend to follow the zero-growth of some OECD countries, but the real thing could be very different. For instance, and according to estimates the number of vehicles in use will grow from 1 billion to more than double this figure 2035; but oil production will only grow from 95 million barrel/day to 145 (a 50% rise of versus an intensification of over a 100%). Hydrocarbon Corporation can lose the monopoly they currently hold over the supply of energy to transportation. This lose can be mitigated through an enhanced used of their capabilities and a higher degree of integration in the world of energy, exploring for synergies in those places were gaps were present. Petroleum products can be used to feed any type of thermal machine, as Brayton turbines, or steam reformers to produce H2 to be exploited in fuel cells. Storing petroleum products does not present any problem, but very many problems can be solved with them. Petroleum trading will likely be less volatile because of the smoothing effects of distributed storage, and indeed the efficiency in petroleum consumption will be much higher. The Thesis kicked off with a menace on the future of petroleum. However, at the end of the analysis, a bright future can be foreseen in the merging between highly demanding environmental policies and the relevant technologies of the currently emerging technical portfolio.
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En la capital de China se erige un rascacielos icnico de la arquitectura contempornea, la Sede de la Televisin Central China. En nuestro esfuerzo por reflexionar en torno a la verdad, hagamos un ejercicio de anlisis sobre las cualidades simblicas del edificio, la relacin entre su funcin y forma, y las implicaciones del contexto poltico-social en el que se inserta
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Although Houston had scored a minor victory in the 1935 Murray v Pearson case which allowed African Americans to attend the University of Maryland Law School, the case only affected that states jurisdiction due to the decision originating from the Maryland State Supreme Court. It was Houstons intention to move to the national level. For the NAACP, Lloyd Gaines was the ideal client; well spoken, intelligent and humble; and he was a citizen of the state of Missouri where the laws in question were enforced. Gaines case would be the main focus for Houston and the NAACP for the next three years.
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As subsidirias de corporaes multinacionais sofrem presses do ambiente interno e externo. Internamente competem por recursos e reconhecimento da matriz, externamente precisam se preocupar com os concorrentes e demais foras do mercado, de maneira que para desenvolver-se a subsidiria deve explorar as oportunidades de mercado e mostrar o potencial empreendedor que possui. Essas oportunidades podem estar num produto ou processo novo ou substancialmente aprimorado no qual a subsidiria teve o auxlio de um parceiro da rede em que est inserida. Particularmente, essa pesquisa analisa as inovaes desenvolvidas localmente (dentro do pas hospedeiro) atravs das subsidirias instaladas no pas, essas inovaes so passveis de serem transferidas para as suas matrizes e ento utilizadas pelas demais subsidirias espalhadas pelo mundo, tornando-se inovaes globais. O foco principal deste estudo est em compreender a influncia do empreendedorismo e das redes de empresas sobre o desenvolvimento e transferncia dessas inovaes. Para tanto, o presente estudo analisa uma amostra de 172 subsidirias estrangeiras que operam no Brasil, a qual foi modelada utilizando-se a tcnica de equaes estruturais para o teste das hipteses, mensurao do efeito mediador e comparao multigrupos visando avaliar o efeito moderador referente ao porte das subsidirias. Os resultados sugerem que o empreendedorismo da subsidiria exerce influncia significativa sobre o desenvolvimento das parcerias e consequente enraizamento da subsidiria na rede de empresas do mercado emergente, esse enraizamento na rede um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento de inovaes na subsidiria as quais podem ser transferidas para a matriz e ento tornarem-se inovaes globais. A partir desses resultados, a pesquisa contribui para um maior entendimento dos direcionadores de inovao nas subsidirias e aprofunda a discusso sobre o desenvolvimento de inovaes globais, particularmente quelas provenientes de mercados emergentes.
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Anlisis del impuesto espaol sobre bienes inmuebles de no residentes.
