ANOGI: Stata module to generate Analysis of Gini

anogi computes the "Analysis of Gini" for population sub-groups proposed by Frick et al. (2006; Sociological Methods and Research 34/4).

Zapiski ostavshi��i���a���si���a��� po smerti kni���a���gini Natal��i Borisovny Dolgorukoi��.

"Zavi���e���t nyni���e���shnemu pokoli���e���ni��i���u��� iz vremen pervoi�� poloviny 18-go vi���e���ka."

Par��metros urban��sticos na regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo: estudo da densidade e do coeficiente de aproveitamento nos planos diretores de Natal de 1994 e 2007

A Constitui����o Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Cidade estabelecem o Plano Diretor como instrumento b��sico da pol��tica de ordenamento territorial, tendo como princ��pio fundamental o cumprimento da fun����o social da propriedade e do direito �� cidade. Na perspectiva de adequa����o ��s diretrizes e objetivos da pol��tica urbana estabelecidos em 1988, o munic��pio de Natal elaborou os Planos Diretores de 1994 e 2007, definindo instrumentos e par��metros de regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo poss��veis de assegurar o cumprimento da fun����o social da propriedade urbana e de gerar subs��dios ao planejamento e �� gest��o da cidade. Apesar de Natal ter sido um dos munic��pios brasileiros pioneiros na ado����o desses princ pios, antecipando e incorporando os instrumentos que em 2001 viriam a ser definidos no Estatuto da Cidade, identifica-se que alguns desses instrumentos e par��metros direcionados �� regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo n��o tiveram sua aplica����o plena, a exemplo do mecanismo de acompanhamento e controle dado pelo Estoque de ��rea Edific��vel e da Densidade, que foi substitu��da pelo Coeficiente de Aproveitamento no Plano Diretor de 2007. Questionando esse procedimento, busca-se na presente pesquisa investigar de que maneira essa substitui����o do par��metro densidade pelo coeficiente de aproveitamento influenciou na capacidade da gest��o p��blica de regular os processos de uso e ocupa����o do solo, de forma a adequar a sua intensifica����o ao suporte da infraestrutura instalada. Foram tomadas como refer��ncia te��rico-conceitual as contribui����es sobre a pr��tica de planejamento urbano no Brasil, nos marcos do ide��rio da reforma urbana, com destaque para as reflex��e s de Fl��vio Villa��a, Orlando Alves Santos Junior e Daniel Todtmann Montandon, Luiz C��sar de Q. Ribeiro, Raquel Rolnik, Erm��nia Maricato, Laura Machado de Bueno e Renato Cymbalista, Jos�� Roberto Bassul e Carlos F. Lago Burnett, e, com rela����o aos par��metros de controle urban��stico, o estudo identifica as diferentes abordagens sobre a densidade urbana e o coeficiente de aproveitamento com base nas reflex��es de Claudio Acioly Jr., Forbes Davidson, Juan Luis Mascar��, Ricardo Ojima, Marcelo de Souza, Jos�� R��mon Navarro Vera e Armando Ortu��o Padilla, Nestor Goulart Reis, Marta Dora Grostein e Susana Ricardo Alves. Como conclus��o, discute-se a hip��tese formulada, inicialmente, de que a mudan��a de par��metros verificada colocou limites para o munic��pio realizar uma gest��o adequada do solo urbano e, portanto, de fazer cumprir a fun����o social da propriedade, considerando a necessidade de adequa����o entre a intensifica����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo e a infraestrutura instalada

S��ndrome de Lennox-Gastaut: descripci��n cl��nica y correlaci��n de la frecuencia de crisis con el coeficiente intelectual

Trata de describir las caracter��sticas cl��nicas del s��ndrome de Lennox- Gastaut en los ni��os del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso y ADINEA (Asociaci��n para el Desarrollo Integral del Ni��o Excepcional del Azuay) de la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador; y determinar la relaci��n existente entre la frecuencia de crisis epil��pticas de un ni��o con diagn��stico de s��ndrome de Lennox-Gastaut y su grado de retardo mental. Son diagnosticados treinta pacientes de los cu��les 17 fueron del sexo masculino 56,7y 13 pacientes sexo femenino 43,3. La mayor��a inician sus crisis antes del a��o de edad, se relacionan con un mayor retardo mental y a su vez con mayor frecuencia de crisis. La etiolog��a m��s frecuente es la hipoxis al nacimiento, que est�� relacionada con la precaria atenci��n de salud del pa��s, en la mayor��a de los casos no es posible determinar su etiolog��a, pero existe una importante predisposici��n familiar. Indican que se deber��a ampliar los m��todos de diagn��stico a fin de precisar mejor la etiolog��a

Prevalencia de anemia, asociada a coeficiente intelectual en escolares de 6 a 12 a��os de Cuenca, 2007

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de anemia en escolares de 6 a 12 a��os del ��rea urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca y su relaci��n con el coeficiente intelectual. Dise��o: Se realiz�� un estudio transversal durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2007 en el ��rea urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca del austro ecuatoriano. Se eligieron 4 escuelas aleatoriamente hasta completar el tama��o muestral de 261 ni��os. Se recogieron los datos antropom��tricos (peso y talla); se determinaron los valores de hemoglobina y se realiz�� un test psicol��gico. Resultados: La prevalencia general de anemia fue de 9,6, y de los escolares afectados el 77,77ten��an anemia por d��ficit de hierro. El par��metro antropom��trico que mostr�� la mayor asociaci��n con la presencia de anemia fue la relaci��n entre la estatura y la edad (OR: 1,35 IC: 1,33 - 9,21). La variable anemia se asoci�� significativamente al coeficiente intelectual en un 17. El porcentaje de ni��os con desnutrici��n cr��nica fue de 11,9y riesgo de desnutrici��n del 15,7El tipo de escuela se asoci�� levemente al coeficiente intelectual (p= 0.03) (OR: 1,87 IC: 1,05 - 3,39). No se encontr�� ninguna relaci��n entre la prevalencia de anemia por un lado, y el sexo por el otro. Tampoco existi�� relaci��n entre la variable sexo y el coeficiente intelectual. Conclusiones: La anemia en general y la anemia ferrop��nica en particular, no constituyen un problema de salud p��blica en la poblaci��n estudiada. Los escolares con talla alta tienen menor riesgo de desarrollar anemia. La anemia se asoci�� significativamente al coeficiente intelectual

Par��metros urban��sticos na regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo: estudo da densidade e do coeficiente de aproveitamento nos planos diretores de Natal de 1994 e 2007

A Constitui����o Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Cidade estabelecem o Plano Diretor como instrumento b��sico da pol��tica de ordenamento territorial, tendo como princ��pio fundamental o cumprimento da fun����o social da propriedade e do direito �� cidade. Na perspectiva de adequa����o ��s diretrizes e objetivos da pol��tica urbana estabelecidos em 1988, o munic��pio de Natal elaborou os Planos Diretores de 1994 e 2007, definindo instrumentos e par��metros de regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo poss��veis de assegurar o cumprimento da fun����o social da propriedade urbana e de gerar subs��dios ao planejamento e �� gest��o da cidade. Apesar de Natal ter sido um dos munic��pios brasileiros pioneiros na ado����o desses princ pios, antecipando e incorporando os instrumentos que em 2001 viriam a ser definidos no Estatuto da Cidade, identifica-se que alguns desses instrumentos e par��metros direcionados �� regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo n��o tiveram sua aplica����o plena, a exemplo do mecanismo de acompanhamento e controle dado pelo Estoque de ��rea Edific��vel e da Densidade, que foi substitu��da pelo Coeficiente de Aproveitamento no Plano Diretor de 2007. Questionando esse procedimento, busca-se na presente pesquisa investigar de que maneira essa substitui����o do par��metro densidade pelo coeficiente de aproveitamento influenciou na capacidade da gest��o p��blica de regular os processos de uso e ocupa����o do solo, de forma a adequar a sua intensifica����o ao suporte da infraestrutura instalada. Foram tomadas como refer��ncia te��rico-conceitual as contribui����es sobre a pr��tica de planejamento urbano no Brasil, nos marcos do ide��rio da reforma urbana, com destaque para as reflex��e s de Fl��vio Villa��a, Orlando Alves Santos Junior e Daniel Todtmann Montandon, Luiz C��sar de Q. Ribeiro, Raquel Rolnik, Erm��nia Maricato, Laura Machado de Bueno e Renato Cymbalista, Jos�� Roberto Bassul e Carlos F. Lago Burnett, e, com rela����o aos par��metros de controle urban��stico, o estudo identifica as diferentes abordagens sobre a densidade urbana e o coeficiente de aproveitamento com base nas reflex��es de Claudio Acioly Jr., Forbes Davidson, Juan Luis Mascar��, Ricardo Ojima, Marcelo de Souza, Jos�� R��mon Navarro Vera e Armando Ortu��o Padilla, Nestor Goulart Reis, Marta Dora Grostein e Susana Ricardo Alves. Como conclus��o, discute-se a hip��tese formulada, inicialmente, de que a mudan��a de par��metros verificada colocou limites para o munic��pio realizar uma gest��o adequada do solo urbano e, portanto, de fazer cumprir a fun����o social da propriedade, considerando a necessidade de adequa����o entre a intensifica����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo e a infraestrutura instalada

Simula����o de fluxo de fluidos em meios porosos desordenados uma an��lise de efeito de escala na estimativa da permeabilidade e do coeficiente de arrasto

The present study provides a methodology that gives a predictive character the computer simulations based on detailed models of the geometry of a porous medium. We using the software FLUENT to investigate the flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid through a random fractal medium which simplifies a two-dimensional disordered porous medium representing a petroleum reservoir. This fractal model is formed by obstacles of various sizes, whose size distribution function follows a power law where exponent is defined as the fractal dimension of fractionation Dff of the model characterizing the process of fragmentation these obstacles. They are randomly disposed in a rectangular channel. The modeling process incorporates modern concepts, scaling laws, to analyze the influence of heterogeneity found in the fields of the porosity and of the permeability in such a way as to characterize the medium in terms of their fractal properties. This procedure allows numerically analyze the measurements of permeability k and the drag coefficient Cd proposed relationships, like power law, for these properties on various modeling schemes. The purpose of this research is to study the variability provided by these heterogeneities where the velocity field and other details of viscous fluid dynamics are obtained by solving numerically the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations at pore level and observe how the fractal dimension of fractionation of the model can affect their hydrodynamic properties. This study were considered two classes of models, models with constant porosity, MPC, and models with varying porosity, MPV. The results have allowed us to find numerical relationship between the permeability, drag coefficient and the fractal dimension of fractionation of the medium. Based on these numerical results we have proposed scaling relations and algebraic expressions involving the relevant parameters of the phenomenon. In this study analytical equations were determined for Dff depending on the geometrical parameters of the models. We also found a relation between the permeability and the drag coefficient which is inversely proportional to one another. As for the difference in behavior it is most striking in the classes of models MPV. That is, the fact that the porosity vary in these models is an additional factor that plays a significant role in flow analysis. Finally, the results proved satisfactory and consistent, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the referred methodology for all applications analyzed in this study.

Evapotranspira����o e coeficiente de cultura da melancia em solo sob palhada e preparo convencional.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a evapotranspira����o e os coeficientes de cultura para a melancia (Citrullus lanatus L.), h��brido Ol��mpia, irrigada por gotejamento, cultivada em solo sob palhada de milheto e preparo convencional, nas condi����es edafoclim��ticas da microrregi��o de Teresina, Piau��.

EFECTO DE LA VARIACION DEL COEFICIENTE DE ESCORRENTIA EN LA FRECUENCIA DE LAS AVENIDAS

Un hecho que pasa desapercibido para la mayor��a de las personas, pero no para aquellas que viven cerca de las riberas de los r��os peque��os y quebradas, o para los ingenieros hidrol��gicos, es el aumento en la frecuencia y magnitud de las avenidas, especialmente cuando la cuenca de la corriente empieza a sufrir las consecuencias de la deforestaci��n, para dar campo a la urbanizaci��n y expansi��n de la ciudad.Este aumento en la frecuencia de las avenidas por causa de un desequilibrio ecol��gico natural o artificial, que a su vez es provocado cuando se elimina parcial o totalmente la cobertura vegetal en la cuenca, es investigado en este trabajo, en un caso, a partir de f��rmulas matem��tica emp��ricas deducidas de pruebas experimentales y en otro caso, utilizando una expresi��n matem��tica definida cuya representaci��n gr��fica se asemeje al hidrograma de una avenida, tal y como un sinusoide.���� De los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo, se infiere que cuando se d�� una ecuaci��n que represente la frecuencia probable de las avenidas en una corriente, deber��a indicarse que tal ecuaci��n es v��lida para las condiciones que se observan en la cuenca al momento que se ha hecho el an��lisis, puesto que sin dicha cuenca se experimentar�� un gran cambio en su cobertura vegetal, la frecuencia de las avenidas variar��a de manera muy significante, aumentando si hay deforestaci��n o disminuyendo si se tiene un proceso de reforestaci��n.

Tree structure and richness in an Atlantic Forest fragment: distance from anthropogenic and natural edges

Approximately 7.2% of the Atlantic rainforest remains in Brazil, with only 16% of this forest remaining in the State of Rio de Janeiro, all of it distributed in fragments. This forest fragmentation can produce biotic and abiotic differences between edges and the fragment interior. In this study, we compared the structure and richness of tree communities in three habitats - an anthropogenic edge (AE), a natural edge (NE) and the fragment interior (FI) - of a fragment of Atlantic forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22��50'S and 42��28'W). One thousand and seventy-six trees with a diameter at breast height > 4.8 cm, belonging to 132 morphospecies and 39 families, were sampled in a total study area of 0.75 ha. NE had the greatest basal area and the trees in this habitat had the greatest diameter:height allometric coefficient, whereas AE had a lower richness and greater variation in the height of the first tree branch. Tree density, diameter, height and the proportion of standing dead trees did not differ among the habitats. There was marked heterogeneity among replicates within each habitat. These results indicate that the forest interior and the fragment edges (natural or anthropogenic) do not differ markedly considering the studied parameters. Other factors, such as the age from the edge, type of matrix and proximity of gaps, may play a more important role in plant community structure than the proximity from edges.

Modelagem matem��tica e simula����o num��rica do resfriamento r��pido de morango com ar for��ado

This work approaches the forced air cooling of strawberry by numerical simulation. The mathematical model that was used describes the process of heat transfer, based on the Fourier's law, in spherical coordinates and simplified to describe the one-dimensional process. For the resolution of the equation expressed for the mathematical model, an algorithm was developed based on the explicit scheme of the numerical method of the finite differences and implemented in the scientific computation program MATLAB 6.1. The validation of the mathematical model was made by the comparison between theoretical and experimental data, where strawberries had been cooled with forced air. The results showed to be possible the determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient by fitting the numerical and experimental data. The methodology of the numerical simulations was showed like a promising tool in the support of the decision to use or to develop equipment in the area of cooling process with forced air of spherical fruits.

Avalia����o de perdas invis��veis na colheita mecanizada em dois fluxos de massa de cana-de-a����car

In this work the performance of a sugar cane chopped harvester was analysed when fed with two sugar cane mass flows, measuring the invisible losses, which are impossible to measure in the field, harvester sugar cane cleaning efficiency and air velocity on extractors exit. The trial was done under controlled conditions at Copersucar Technology Center in January 2000. The results showed that the flow of sugar cane through the harvester doesn't influence the magnitudes of total invisible losses and raw material cleaning efficiency. The mean air velocity on the primary extractors exit was 12.0 m s-1, and 9.2 m s-1 on the secondary extractor, with a coefficient of variation of 21%, indicating that the poor cleaning performance of the harvester could be related to air velocity difference inside the extractor. Analyzing the data collected in the trials, it was possible to conclude that invisible losses in sugar cane harvester were 10% and the cleaning efficiency was 87%.

Profundidade de deposi����o de semente de milho na regi��o dos Campos Gerais, Paran��

No Tillage system is fully incorporated to farming in the region of Campos Gerais, state of Paran��. Accuracy and precision in the planting process are items of great importance for the success of this system. In order to evaluate the planting process, thirty eight farms were selected as sites for analysis of the placement depth of seeds. The research area was 4 or 5 planting rows, evaluating 10 plantlets per row. The average seed depth was around 46 mm, and significant differences between rows were observed in 21 areas. The average coefficient of variation was around 20%, the statistical limit between medium and high. Analyses of other parameters show that those coefficients may represent different errors in the process. The planting process in Campos Gerais can be considered efficient regarding to the average seed depth. However, the analysis of variability implies de need of actions concerning to anthropic and machinery factors.

Adequa����o de engates r��pidos de aspersores como conectores de mangueira para distribui����o de ��gua em sulcos de irriga����o

As a way to reduce water losses in furrow irrigation systems, used in fresh market tomato production, farmers are improperly distributing water into the field using plastic hose. The objective of this work was to study the suitability of using quick coupler sprinkler as hose connectors for water distribution in tomato plantation. The first step of the study was to assess the current hose field operation for tomato growers. Subsequently, four models of quick couplers sprinklers available in the market were tested in laboratory to determine the coefficient of resistance, the equivalent tube length, the head loss curve and the linking efficiency. As result, a structural design for hose connectors was presented using the model of coupling with the best hydraulic performance. Additionally, some technical recommendations on its use in irrigation water distribution are highlighted. Despite the requirement for additional field trials, the proposed system has potential to optimize the water use efficiency, to improve workers ergonomic conditions, and ensure good profitability to the producer.