Influence of experience and training on dental students’ examination performance regarding panoramic images.

Physician training has greatly benefitted from insights gained in understanding the manner in which experts search medical images for abnormalities. The aims of this study were to compare the search patterns of 30 fourth-year dental students and 15 certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMRs) over panoramic images and to determine the most robust variables for future studies involving image visualization. Eye tracking was used to capture the eye movement patterns of both subject groups when examining 20 panoramic images classified as normal or abnormal. Abnormal images were further subclassified as having an obvious, intermediate, or subtle abnormality. The images were presented in random order to each participant, and data were collected on duration of the participants’ observations and total distance tracked, time to first eye fixation, and total duration and numbers of fixations on and off the area of interest (AOI). The results showed that the OMRs covered greater distances than the dental students (p<0.001) for normal images. For images of pathosis, the OMRs required less total time (p<0.001), made fewer eye fixations (p<0.01) with fewer saccades (p<0.001) than the students, and required less time before making the first fixation on the AOI (p<0.01). Furthermore, the OMRs covered less distance (p<0.001) than the dental students for obvious pathoses. For investigations of images of pathosis, time to first fixation is a robust parameter in predicting ability. For images with different levels of subtlety of pathoses, the number of fixations, total time spent, and numbers of revisits are important parameters to analyze when comparing observer groups with different levels of experience.

Nd-isotope ratios of Cretaceous sediment samples

The role that meridional overturning circulation (MOC) patterns played in poleward heat transport during the extreme warmth of the Early to Late Cretaceous is a fundamental and unresolved question in climate dynamics. In order to address this question we must determine where deep waters formed, and how they may have circulated during periods of extreme warmth. Here we present late Albian through Maastrichtian (105 to 65 Ma) Nd isotope records from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites in the proto-Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific. Comparison of these data with previously published records indicates deep-water formation in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean began at least ?105 Ma, extending the record of high-latitude convection back into the Early Cretaceous prior to the peak warmth of the mid-Cretaceous. The growing body of data supports a mode of MOC in part characterized by high-latitude downwelling during the peak of greenhouse warmth of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. However, this mode of MOC likely was characterized by numerous locations of deep convection that were regionally important, but not significant in terms of a globally overturning circulation due to paleogeographic and bathymetric barriers.

Traveltime, unit-concentration, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration characteristics of upstream reaches of the Yampa and Little Snake Rivers, Colorado and Wyoming /

Mode of access: Internet.

Lucy Hosmer, or, The guardian and ghost : a tale of avarice and crime defeated /

Lucy Hosmer, or, The guardian and ghost / D.P. Thompson -- Julia Grayson, or, The sailor in love / D.P. Thompson -- The old soldier's story.

Brazil and the Brazilians,

Mode of access: Internet.

A treatise on fundamental doctrines of the Christian religion: in which are illustrated the profession, ministry, worship, and faith of the Society of Friends.

Mode of access: Internet.

Some of the dangers of teachers. An adress delivered before the American Institute of Instruction, at Portland, Me., August 30, 1844,

Mode of access: Internet.

Mormonism and the Mormons : a historical view of the rise and progress of the sect self-styled Latter-Day Saints /

Mode of access: Internet.

Closing scenes of human life /

Adaptation of: Life's last hours, or, The final testimony. London : Religious Tract Society, 1850.

The fisherman's son /

Mode of access: Internet.

M. William.

Mode of access: Internet.