La Chanson

1902-1904 also called année 1-3

Der bau des nomens und verbums in den chansons de geste amis et...

Thesis (doctoral)--

Robin Hood and his merry men: a play in two acts. Founded on 'A little geste of Robin Hood and his Meiny.'.

Mode of access: Internet.

Étude du syncrétisme de l’assiko à travers le geste et le foyer socioculturel d’un guitariste Bassa

Ce mémoire porte sur le rôle du geste musical dans le développement de styles musicaux devenus syncrétiques. Il s’attarde à définir dans le détail le style de guitare populaire assiko propre aux Bassa du Cameroun du Sud lequel est représenté internationalement par le guitariste et percussionniste traditionnel Atna Njock. Grâce à une approche dialogique et participative, les techniques du jeu assiko sont explorées et comparées à des exemples de jeu de guitare européenne, afro-américaines et africaines. Les influences qui définissent le jeu d’Atna découlent de la culture Bassa et de son histoire marquée par l’influence coloniale et missionnaire, mais sont aussi alimentées par la «philosophie» (voire la spiritualité) et le passé musical de l’artiste. L’approche participative fournit une perspective émique, c’est-à-dire interne à la culture, de la gestuelle et de la structure du jeu assiko même si nous confrontons les propos du musicien à notre propre regard analytique. La comparaison avec divers instruments de percussion auxquels Atna a été initié montre comment ceux-ci ont forgé son jeu guitaristique. Son rôle de « garant » de la tradition musicale Bassa influence son approche et se manifeste par une préoccupation particulière pour l’« authenticité » dans la reproduction des rythmes d’un « langage » musical donné. Ses liens avec la culture Bassa, s’expriment notamment par le biais de sa reproduction du style de jeu de son maître, Jean Bikoko « Aladin ». La contribution particulière d’Atna à la technique de guitare de Bikoko est comprise comme un ajout à la lignée ancestrale. Une analyse d’un morceau du répertoire assiko issu du plus récent album d’Atna illustre d’ailleurs comment son incorporation de styles « modernes » reproduit les processus traditionnels en intégrant des éléments culturels étrangers.

L'importance du geste dans l'évaluation de la cinématique tridimensionnelle du genou

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

L'importance du geste dans l'évaluation de la cinématique tridimensionnelle du genou

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

« Mon pays ce n’est pas un pays, c’est l’hiver » : préoccupations environnementales et identité dans la chanson québécoise

Il presente elaborato affronta il modo in cui la canzone della provincia canadese del Québec tratta i temi dello sviluppo sostenibile e dell’ecologia. Il Québec deve gran parte del suo benessere economico e sociale all’utilizzo delle risorse naturali presenti nella parte nord-est del Canada. Negli ultimi decenni, lo sfruttamento sempre maggiore delle risorse del pianeta ha fatto nascere negli esseri umani la consapevolezza di dover prendere provvedimenti a favore di un’economia sostenibile per il rispetto del pianeta. In questo elaborato si è voluto analizzare in che modo questa consapevolezza venga espressa attraverso le canzoni e la musica, due elementi fondamentali della cultura e dell’identità del Québec, innanzitutto proponendo i principali momenti della storia della canzone della provincia canadese e la maniera in cui la relazione con l’ambiente è cambiata nel corso degli anni. Successivamente, si è svolta un analisi dei temi trattati dalla canzone negli ultimi vent’anni, focalizzandosi sulle tematiche legate all’ambiente e allo sviluppo sostenibile: per fare ciò, è stata presa in analisi l’opera di cinque artisti famosi per il loro sostegno alle politiche ambientali in Québec. Le loro canzoni più significative sono state analizzate del punto di vista del contenuto e dal punto di vista lessicale. Infine, ci si è soffermati sul ruolo che la canzone e il francese del Québec ricoprono nella definizione e nella diffusione dell’identità nazionale quebecchese.

Le geste cinématographique de performance : documenter et concrétiser l’espoir

En partant de la documentation filmique de deux performances (Da ist eine kriminelle Berührung in der Kunst [Ulay, 1976] et Data [Gagnon, 2010]) qui a comme particularité commune d’avoir été soumise à des manœuvres cinématographiques, ce mémoire élabore une théorisation permettant de les penser autrement qu’en tant que documents, mais en tant que films, et plus précisément en tant qu’œuvres esthétiques complémentaires à la performance d’origine. Tombant dans une béance théorique par le fait de leur hybridité supposément contradictoire (performance, éphémère/cinéma, préservation), les deux films nous invitent à penser une conceptualisation renouvelée de la performance. Depuis cette perspective, nous démontrerons que, si le geste de performance est lui-même enchâssé dans le geste cinématographique, c’est en fonction de cette co-constitution des œuvres qu’il faut les aborder : en plus de référer à un contenu performatif, ces films performent une réalité inachevée, en termes de classification théorique mais aussi en termes de valeur politique. Nous verrons finalement qu’à travers le thème fédérateur du détournement artistique, pensé dans un rapport critique des institutions culturelles, les deux œuvres ont pour visée une transformation qui a pour but l’établissement de nouveaux rapports sociaux et politiques. Ultimement, nous défendrons que cette intervention à même une structure sociale établie ne soit possible que si la performance d’origine est présentée cinématographiquement, par le concept du geste cinématographique de performance.

Le geste cinématographique de performance : documenter et concrétiser l’espoir

En partant de la documentation filmique de deux performances (Da ist eine kriminelle Berührung in der Kunst [Ulay, 1976] et Data [Gagnon, 2010]) qui a comme particularité commune d’avoir été soumise à des manœuvres cinématographiques, ce mémoire élabore une théorisation permettant de les penser autrement qu’en tant que documents, mais en tant que films, et plus précisément en tant qu’œuvres esthétiques complémentaires à la performance d’origine. Tombant dans une béance théorique par le fait de leur hybridité supposément contradictoire (performance, éphémère/cinéma, préservation), les deux films nous invitent à penser une conceptualisation renouvelée de la performance. Depuis cette perspective, nous démontrerons que, si le geste de performance est lui-même enchâssé dans le geste cinématographique, c’est en fonction de cette co-constitution des œuvres qu’il faut les aborder : en plus de référer à un contenu performatif, ces films performent une réalité inachevée, en termes de classification théorique mais aussi en termes de valeur politique. Nous verrons finalement qu’à travers le thème fédérateur du détournement artistique, pensé dans un rapport critique des institutions culturelles, les deux œuvres ont pour visée une transformation qui a pour but l’établissement de nouveaux rapports sociaux et politiques. Ultimement, nous défendrons que cette intervention à même une structure sociale établie ne soit possible que si la performance d’origine est présentée cinématographiquement, par le concept du geste cinématographique de performance.

"Storia di Ugho da Vernia" de Andrea da Barberino: Edición crítica

En la “Storia di Ugho da Vernia de Andrea da Barberino: Edición crítica” se ha querido replantear el estudio de un escritor toscano a caballo entre los siglos XIV y XV cuya producción tuvo mucha difusión y aceptación en su tiempo, y del que algunas de sus obras siguen interesando en nuestros días. Para ello el objetivo principal ha sido el de esbozar un análisis de una de sus obras más peculiares, la Storia di Ugho da Vernia, peculiar porque en ella se reúnen aspectos importantes de las chansons de geste francesas, de las novelas caballerescas y de los libros de caballerías; especialmente de la chanson se puede destacar que el protagonista pertenece al linaje de Garin de Monglane le fier o narbonnais que, como sus parientes, lucha contra los sarracenos y es un buen vasallo ―no se rebela ante la absurda petición de su señor de ir al infierno e incluso soporta las burlas de este―; de los libros de caballería podrían proceder los seres irreales contra los que se enfrenta como dragones, serpientes enormes, gigantes, etc., a los que indefectiblemente vence y, por último, de las novelas caballerescas, la pátina de realidad que se desprende del modo de narrar y de algunos lugares evocados en los que se desarrolla la acción, como Santiago de Compostela, Roma, Jerusalén, Calabria, Grecia, etc., donde los tres primeros son los principales puntos de peregrinación occidentales. En lo que concierne al texto, se ha tratado de ofrecer una edición crítica que dé inicio a posteriores investigaciones desde las distintas perspectivas de análisis que el texto exige; hay que tener en cuenta que en 1882 F. Zambrini y A. Bacchi della Lega editaron la obra, pero se limitaron a transcribirla, como ellos mismos comentan en la introducción; es más, siguieron la copia que había transcrito un bibliotecario de la Biblioteca Magliabechiana. En 1968 se realizó una reimpresión del texto sin aportar nada nuevo y en 2013 se ha incorporado a la red siguiendo los formatos MLA y APA, cuya diferencia radica en la forma de presentar los textos...

Recombinant protein production using a Tobacco yellow dwarf virus-based episomal expression vector : control of Rep activity

Over the past decade, plants have been used as expression hosts for the production of pharmaceutically important and commercially valuable proteins. Plants offer many advantages over other expression systems such as lower production costs, rapid scale up of production, similar post-translational modification as animals and the low likelihood of contamination with animal pathogens, microbial toxins or oncogenic sequences. However, improving recombinant protein yield remains one of the greatest challenges to molecular farming. In-Plant Activation (InPAct) is a newly developed technology that offers activatable and high-level expression of heterologous proteins in plants. InPAct vectors contain the geminivirus cis elements essential for rolling circle replication (RCR) and are arranged such that the gene of interest is only expressed in the presence of the cognate viral replication-associated protein (Rep). The expression of Rep in planta may be controlled by a tissue-specific, developmentally regulated or chemically inducible promoter such that heterologous protein accumulation can be spatially and temporally controlled. One of the challenges for the successful exploitation of InPAct technology is the control of Rep expression as even very low levels of this protein can reduce transformation efficiency, cause abnormal phenotypes and premature activation of the InPAct vector in regenerated plants. Tight regulation over transgene expression is also essential if expressing cytotoxic products. Unfortunately, many tissue-specific and inducible promoters are unsuitable for controlling expression of Rep due to low basal activity in the absence of inducer or in tissues other than the target tissue. This PhD aimed to control Rep activity through the production of single chain variable fragments (scFvs) specific to the motif III of Tobacco yellow dwarf virus (TbYDV) Rep. Due to the important role played by the conserved motif III in the RCR, it was postulated that such scFvs can be used to neutralise the activity of the low amount of Rep expressed from a “leaky” inducible promoter, thus preventing activation of the TbYDV-based InPAct vector until intentional induction. Such scFvs could also offer the potential to confer partial or complete resistance to TbYDV, and possibly heterologous viruses as motif III is conserved between geminiviruses. Studies were first undertaken to determine the levels of TbYDV Rep and TbYDV replication-associated protein A (RepA) required for optimal transgene expression from a TbYDV-based InPAct vector. Transient assays in a non-regenerable Nicotiana tabacum (NT-1) cell line were undertaken using a TbYDV-based InPAct vector containing the uidA reporter gene (encoding GUS) in combination with TbYDV Rep and RepA under the control of promoters with high (CaMV 35S) or low (Banana bunchy top virus DNA-R, BT1) activity. The replication enhancer protein of Tomato leaf curl begomovirus (ToLCV), REn, was also used in some co-bombardment experiments to examine whether RepA could be substituted by a replication enhancer from another geminivirus genus. GUS expression was observed both quantitatively and qualitatively by fluorometric and histochemical assays, respectively. GUS expression from the TbYDV-based InPAct vector was found to be greater when Rep was expected to be expressed at low levels (BT1 promoter) rather than high levels (35S promoter). GUS expression was further enhanced when Rep and RepA were co-bombarded with a low ratio of Rep to RepA. Substituting TbYDV RepA with ToLCV REn also enhanced GUS expression but more importantly highest GUS expression was observed when cells were co-transformed with expression vectors directing low levels of Rep and high levels of RepA irrespective of the level of REn. In this case, GUS expression was approximately 74-fold higher than that from a non-replicating vector. The use of different terminators, namely CaMV 35S and Nos terminators, in InPAct vectors was found to influence GUS expression. In the presence of Rep, GUS expression was greater using pInPActGUS-Nos rather than pInPActGUS-35S. The only instance of GUS expression being greater from vectors containing the 35S terminator was when comparing expression from cells transformed with Rep, RepA and REnexpressing vectors and either non-replicating vectors, p35SGS-Nos or p35SGS-35S. This difference was most likely caused by an interaction of viral replication proteins with each other and the terminators. These results indicated that (i) the level of replication associated proteins is critical to high transgene expression, (ii) the choice of terminator within the InPAct vector may affect expression levels and (iii) very low levels of Rep can activate InPAct vectors hence controlling its activity is critical. Prior to generating recombinant scFvs, a recombinant TbYDV Rep was produced in E. coli to act as a control to enable the screening for Rep-specific antibodies. A bacterial expression vector was constructed to express recombinant TbYDV Rep with an Nterminal His-tag (N-His-Rep). Despite investigating several purification techniques including Ni-NTA, anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography, N-His-Rep could only be partially purified using a Ni-NTA column under native conditions. Although it was not certain that this recombinant N-His-Rep had the same conformation as the native TbYDV Rep and was functional, results from an electromobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that N-His-Rep was able to interact with the TbYDV LIR and was, therefore, possibly functional. Two hybridoma cell lines from mice, immunised with a synthetic peptide containing the TbYDV Rep motif III amino acid sequence, were generated by GenScript (USA). Monoclonal antibodies secreted by the two hybridoma cell lines were first screened against denatured N-His-Rep in Western analysis. After demonstrating their ability to bind N-His-Rep, two scFvs (scFv1 and scFv2) were generated using a PCR-based approach. Whereas the variable heavy chain (VH) from both cell lines could be amplified, only the variable light chain (VL) from cell line 2 was amplified. As a result, scFv1 contained VH and VL from cell line 1, whereas scFv2 contained VH from cell line 2 and VL from cell line 1. Both scFvs were first expressed in E. coli in order to evaluate their affinity to the recombinant TbYDV N-His-Rep. The preliminary results demonstrated that both scFvs were able to bind to the denatured N-His-Rep. However, EMSAs revealed that only scFv2 was able to bind to native N-His-Rep and prevent it from interacting with the TbYDV LIR. Each scFv was cloned into plant expression vectors and co-bombarded into NT-1 cells with the TbYDV-based InPAct GUS expression vector and pBT1-Rep to examine whether the scFvs could prevent Rep from mediating RCR. Although it was expected that the addition of the scFvs would result in decreased GUS expression, GUS expression was found to slightly increase. This increase was even more pronounced when the scFvs were targeted to the cell nucleus by the inclusion of the Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40) nuclear localisation signal (NLS). It was postulated that the scFvs were binding to a proportion of Rep, leaving a small amount available to mediate RCR. The outcomes of this project provide evidence that very high levels of recombinant protein can theoretically be expressed using InPAct vectors with judicious selection and control of viral replication proteins. However, the question of whether the scFvs generated in this project have sufficient affinity for TbYDV Rep to prevent its activity in a stably transformed plant remains unknown. It may be that other scFvs with different combinations of VH and VL may have greater affinity for TbYDV Rep. Such scFvs, when expressed at high levels in planta, might also confer resistance to TbYDV and possibly heterologous geminiviruses.

A comprehensive investigation into the hydrodynamic and capture/retention performance of a gross pollutant trap

A novel and comprehensive testing approach to examine the performance of gross pollutant traps (GPTs) was developed. A proprietary GPT with internal screens for capturing gross pollutants—organic matter and anthropogenic litter—was used as a case study. This work is the first investigation of its kind and provides valuable practical information for the design, selection and operation of GPTs and also the management of street waste in an urban environment. It used a combination of physical and theoretical models to examine in detail the hydrodynamic and capture/retention characteristics of the GPT. The results showed that the GPT operated efficiently until at least 68% of the screens were blocked, particularly at high flow rates. At lower flow rates, the high capture/retention performance trend was reversed. It was also found that a raised inlet GPT offered a better capture/retention performance. This finding indicates that cleaning operations could be more effectively planned in conjunction with the deterioration in GPT’s capture/retention performance.

Turbulent velocity and suspended sediment concentration measurements in an urban environment of the Brisbane River Flood Plain at Gardens Point on 12-13 January 2011

The flood flow in urbanised areas constitutes a major hazard to the population and infrastructure as seen during the summer 2010-2011 floods in Queensland (Australia). Flood flows in urban environments have been studied relatively recently, although no study considered the impact of turbulence in the flow. During the 12-13 January 2011 flood of the Brisbane River, some turbulence measurements were conducted in an inundated urban environment in Gardens Point Road next to Brisbane's central business district (CBD) at relatively high frequency (50 Hz). The properties of the sediment flood deposits were characterised and the acoustic Doppler velocimeter unit was calibrated to obtain both instantaneous velocity components and suspended sediment concentration in the same sampling volume with the same temporal resolution. While the flow motion in Gardens Point Road was subcritical, the water elevations and velocities fluctuated with a distinctive period between 50 and 80 s. The low frequency fluctuations were linked with some local topographic effects: i.e, some local choke induced by an upstream constriction between stairwells caused some slow oscillations with a period close to the natural sloshing period of the car park. The instantaneous velocity data were analysed using a triple decomposition, and the same triple decomposition was applied to the water depth, velocity flux, suspended sediment concentration and suspended sediment flux data. The velocity fluctuation data showed a large energy component in the slow fluctuation range. For the first two tests at z = 0.35 m, the turbulence data suggested some isotropy. At z = 0.083 m, on the other hand, the findings indicated some flow anisotropy. The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data presented a general trend with increasing SSC for decreasing water depth. During a test (T4), some long -period oscillations were observed with a period about 18 minutes. The cause of these oscillations remains unknown to the authors. The last test (T5) took place in very shallow waters and high suspended sediment concentrations. It is suggested that the flow in the car park was disconnected from the main channel. Overall the flow conditions at the sampling sites corresponded to a specific momentum between 0.2 to 0.4 m2 which would be near the upper end of the scale for safe evacuation of individuals in flooded areas. But the authors do not believe the evacuation of individuals in Gardens Point Road would have been safe because of the intense water surges and flow turbulence. More generally any criterion for safe evacuation solely based upon the flow velocity, water depth or specific momentum cannot account for the hazards caused by the flow turbulence, water depth fluctuations and water surges.

Turbulence characteristics of a small subtropical estuary during and after some moderate rainfall

In natural estuaries, scalar diffusion and dispersion are driven by turbulence. In the present study, detailed turbulence measurements were conducted in a small subtropical estuary with semi-diurnal tides under neap tide conditions. Three acoustic Doppler velocimeters were installed mid-estuary at fixed locations close together. The units were sampled simultaneously and continuously at relatively high frequency for 50 h. The results illustrated the influence of tidal forcing in the small estuary, although low frequency longitudinal velocity oscillations were observed and believed to be induced by external resonance. The boundary shear stress data implied that the turbulent shear in the lower flow region was one order of magnitude larger than the boundary shear itself. The observation differed from turbulence data in a laboratory channel, but a key feature of natural estuary flow was the significant three dimensional effects associated with strong secondary currents including transverse shear events. The velocity covariances and triple correlations, as well as the backscatter intensity and covariances, were calculated for the entire field study. The covariances of the longitudinal velocity component showed some tidal trend, while the covariances of the transverse horizontal velocity component exhibited trends that reflected changes in secondary current patterns between ebb and flood tides. The triple correlation data tended to show some differences between ebb and flood tides. The acoustic backscatter intensity data were characterised by large fluctuations during the entire study, with dimensionless fluctuation intensity I0b =Ib between 0.46 and 0.54. An unusual feature of the field study was some moderate rainfall prior to and during the first part of the sampling period. Visual observations showed some surface scars and marked channels, while some mini transient fronts were observed.

Turbulent measurements in a small subtropical estuary with semidiurnal tides

Since predictions of scalar dispersion in small estuaries can rarely be predicted accurately, new field measurements were conducted continuously at relatively high frequency for up to 50 h (per investigation) in a small subtropical estuary with semidiurnal tides. The bulk flow parameters varied in time with periods comparable to tidal cycles and other large-scale processes. The turbulence properties depended upon the instantaneous local flow properties. They were little affected by the flow history, but their structure and temporal variability were influenced by a variety of parameters including the tidal conditions and bathymetry. A striking feature of the data sets was the large fluctuations in all turbulence characteristics during the tidal cycle, and basic differences between neap and spring tide turbulence.