989 resultados para Cellamare Conspiracy, 1718


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组特殊自养氨氧化混合种群,表现:无机环境种群生长迅速、生物量高;在一个完全无机的自养生长环境中,不仅保持高氨氧化速率,并出现丰富的异养微生物种群;该种群置于异养、厌氧环境中,迅速表现出产氢特征。对于这样一个特殊的生态体系,研究其共生机理,以及联接这些种群之间的碳源和能源问题,将具有非常重要意义。我们拟从种群特征、细胞表面分泌产物、游离体系产物多糖、蛋白和脂肪酸方面开展研究。 第一部分,自养氨氧化混合种群的基本特征。采用氨氧化培养基,进行种群氨氧化特征研究;采用扫描电镜观察自养混合种群的微观特征;沉降、离心去除微生物种群,分析水相中的总有机碳、糖类等物质;利用LB培养基进行种群的分离、纯化,并采用DGGE手段对微生物种群结构进行分析。结果表明,接入菌种后(2/5000(V/V)),培养液中氨(200mg/L)在3-5天内快速降解;亚硝酸盐与氨氮变化呈负相关趋势,仅有少量硝酸盐含量(< 30mg/L)。氨氧化种群的生物量增长与氨氧化趋势一致,初始生物量7.75 mg/L(蛋白含量),3-5天后生物量快速增长,并达到最高63.06 mg/L(蛋白含量)。电镜图片显示,种群外包裹一层粘液。离心除去菌体后,检测培养液总有机碳和糖的含量,同样表现出与生物量增长相似的特征,分别由初始的3.73、2.35 mg/L,3-5内天迅速增加,并分别达到最大值35.19、27.45 mg/L。经初步分离、纯化并对纯化菌株进行测序,获得了10株异养微生物分别为布鲁氏菌科苍白杆菌属、纤维单孢菌、类芽孢菌属、黄杆菌属、无色杆菌、鞘脂单胞菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、噬氢菌属、硫红球菌、假单胞菌;DGGE显示,约有20分条离带,我们对其中的两条优势条带进行切割回收测序,鉴定为欧洲亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas eur)。 第二部分:混合种群自养-异养菌共生的可能机制。在对微生物种群特征初步分析基础上,针对胞外糖类组分可能被微生物代谢分解,我们重点对微生物细胞蛋白质与糖类进行分析。采用超声结合RIPA裂解液裂解,SDS-PAGE电泳分析混合种群总蛋白种类,并通过氨基酸分析仪及红外光谱法分析氨基酸组成及蛋白红外特征。采用超声破碎结合反复冻融对细胞样品进行处理,提取液采用醇沉、Sevage脱氮白,凝胶过滤方法脱盐和分级分离。对提取物的糖分析包括:紫外扫描,红外光谱,核磁共振,单糖组成分析;扫描电镜观察菌群破裂现象。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明:氨氧化种群不同生长阶段都显示出42kD蛋白表达量很高,d4时42kD蛋白表达已经很强,4-7d内一直持续这种过量表达,直到d8后表达开始减弱。说明42kD蛋白可能与氨氧化密切相关。红外光谱分析显示:细胞提取物的特征峰分布在3427.42cm-1、1718.18 cm-1和1681.72 cm-1、1160.07和1086.74 cm-1,分别对应为OH、 C=O、C-O-C基团,表明具有蛋白的典型特征;氨基酸分析显示蛋白中的Gly,Asp,Ala,Glu含量相对较高。 提取物中胞外多糖分离谱图得到不均一组分,共得到6个收集峰;紫外扫描在201-213 nm处有多糖吸收峰,同样表明多糖成分不均一性;多糖红外光谱特征峰主要分别在3400.49 cm-1、2920.28 cm-1、1154.54和1087.52 cm-1,对应OH、-CH2- or CH 、C-O-H or C-O-C等多糖特征基团;多糖提取物核磁共振1H d4.3~5.9之间出现强吸收峰,这是1H中,多糖存在的明显证据,1H NMR中,其中O-乙酰基的甲基上的氢信号为d1.1~1.3之间。糖肟全苯甲酸酯衍生物的HPLC测定中,得到单一的单糖峰,由于时间问题,还未进行更深入的试验;电镜图片显示,种群中的细胞有大量的破裂现象。 实验表明,自养氨氧化混合种群显示出快速的氨氧化速率,氨氧化过程生物量和有机质的增加明显。微生物种群包裹粘液层,并分离纯化出大量的异养菌;去除菌体后的游离培养液中存在有机质(包括多糖)说明无机自养生长体系中存在异养菌生长、繁殖的二次碳源;细胞提取物中蛋白条带数目多、种类丰富;细胞多糖提取物具有明显的多糖特征,以及单糖的存在。结合种群的显微特征和游离体系中的有机质的检测结果,我们认为,无机自养生长体系中,种群细胞生长过程中发生的破裂现象可能是导致大量的蛋白、多糖释放到游离胞外,并成为其他异养菌生长的碳源和氮源。这可能是自养体系中,大量异养菌共生的可能机制,至于是什么原因引起种群生长过程中产生的破裂现象,还有待下一步深入研究。 A group of mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations, having much biological characteristic tested by concerned personnel for pilot test: Performed rapid population growth and obtained high biomass in inorganic environment; Not only maintained a high rate of ammoxidation, promoted a wealth of heterotrophic microbial populations growth in a totally inorganic and autotrophic growth environment; Placed in heterotrophic and anaerobic environment,had the performance characteristics that could rapidly produce hydrogen.For such a special ecological system, Study its symbiotic mechanism and the connection between these populations of carbon and energy issues, will have a very important significance. We intended from the characteristics of the population, the secretion product of cell surface, free substance in the liquid medium like polysaccharide, protein and fatty acids carrying out research. Part I: The basic features of mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations . Use inorganic liquid medium, processed study for ammonia oxidation characteristics of the population; we used scanning electron microscopy to get micro-features of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations .The medium was carried out settlement and centrifugal then removed the microbial populations, after all of that we analysis the water phase for total organic carbon(TOC), carbohydrate and other substances; Solid ammonia oxidizing medium was adopted to separation and purification of population, DGGE means was for structure analysis of microbial population. The results showed that after the inoculum of bacteria (2 / 5000 (V / V)), ammonia in the culture medium (200 mg / L) was rapid degradation in 3-5 days; ammonia and nitrite have the negative correlation between changes in the trend, then only a small amount of nitrate content (<30mg / L). The biomass growth of ammoxidation population in line with the trend of ammonia oxidation, the initial volume of it was 7.75 mg / L (protein content), in 3-5 days upto 63.06 mg / L (protein content). Electron microscope image showed, the populations were wrapped in a layer of mucus, including the a large number ruptted micorbe , Centrifuge to remove bacteria, then detected the medium for total organic carbon and sugar content, result took on the same characteristics with biomass growth, that were from the initial 3.73、2.35 mg / L respectively, in 3-6 days achieved rapid increase in the maximum to 35.19、27.45 mg / L respectively. After initial separation、 purification ,then processed sequencing to strains purified and got the result that there were 10 heterotrophic microorganisms : Brucella Branch pale bacillus, Cellu lomonas, Bacillus species category, a Flavobacterium, colorless Bacteria, Aeromonas sheath fat, little support maltophilia Aeromonas, macrophages species hydrogen, sulphur-MI, Pseudomonas bacteria spores; DGGE display, there were 20 separation bands approximately. Part II: Mixed populations that autotrophic - heterotrophic bacteria symbiotic mechanism. On the basis of preliminary analysis of microbial population characteristics, aiming at extracellular carbohydrate components might be decomposition by microbial, we focused on microbial cell protein and carbohydrate analysis. Using ultrasound combined with RIPA lysis cracking the cells, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis the total protein species of the population, and through the amino acid analyzer studied the compositions of amino acid and infrared spectroscopy analysis of a protein infrared characteristics. Using ultrasound combined with repeatedly freezing and thawing to treated the cell sample, then took the means that alcohol precipitation, deproteinization by Sevage, gel filtration aimed at desalination and grade separation to deal with the lysates . The extraction of sugar analysis included: UV scanning, IR, NMR, single-sugar composition analysis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that: 42 kD protein expression was very high at different growth stages of mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations , on the fourth day, 42 kD protein expression had been very strong, 4-7d, it had continued this excessive expression, then started to weaken after 7 days. 42 kD protein that might be closely associated with ammonia oxidation. Infrared spectral analysis showed that: cell extracts with the characteristic that the peak distribution in 3427.42 cm-1、1718.18 cm-1 and 1681.72 cm-1、1160.07 cm-1 and 1086.74 cm-1 corresponding to OH、C = O、C-O-C Groups which had the typical characteristics of protein; and analysis showed that amino acids including Gly, Asp, Ala, Glu ,the content in the protein is relatively high. Exopolysaccharide in the extracts had the separation map that it was uneven, received a total of six collection peaks by the detection mode of phenol-sulphruic acid method ; ultraviolet scan in the 201-213 nm department had polysaccharide absorbing peak, the same ingredients that polysaccharide heterogeneity; infrared polysaccharide spectral characteristics of the main peak at 3400.49 cm-1, 2920.28 cm-1, 1154.54 and 1087.52 cm-1, corresponding OH,-CH2-or CH, C-O-H or C-O-C;and other characteristics of polysaccharide group; 1H NMR of polysaccharide extract appeared absorption peak between d4.3 ~5.9, which is the apparent evidence of polysaccharide, In 1H NMR, the hydrogen signal of one of O-acetyl was between 1.1 to 1.3. The determination of Sugar oxime whole benzoate derivatives by HPLC, there was a single-sugar peak, as a matter of time, yet more in-depth test. Summary: Mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations show us that it had the ability in ammonia oxidizing and it was great, organic matter and biomass increased significantly in the process of ammonia oxidation. Microbial populations was wrapped up slime layer, the phenomenon of cell breakdown obviously, and there were a lot of separation and purification of the heterotrophic bacteria; a lot of organic matter (including polysaccharides)remined in the medium that removal of cell indicated the inorganic system existed secondary carbon sources that could be used by the heterotrophic bacteria ; there were a large number proteins bands of cell extract, rich variety; cell extracts of polysaccharide had obvious characteristics of polysaccharide, and the existence evidence of single-sugar. Combined population of microscopic characteristics and free of organic matter in the test results, we believe that the health of inorganic system, population growth occurred in the course of the breakdown of the phenomenon is likely to lead to a lot of protein and polysaccharide released into the extracellular free, And other heterotrophic bacteria use them to the growth as carbon and nitrogen. This may be autotrophic system, the large number of heterotrophic bacteria symbiotic mechanism.

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<正>在相对论连续无规位相近似(RCRPA)框架下研究了矢量介子流和库仑相互作用对核多极激发的影响。在这个方法中,用单粒子格林函数方法严格处理连续态对粒子-空穴(ph)激发的贡献。在无海近似下,单粒子格林函数中同时包含了狄拉克海负能态。数值计算中,单粒子格林函数由狄拉克方程的正规解和非正规解的适当乘积得到。我们采用完全自洽的RCRPA计算,即在同一个拉氏量下描述核基态性质和ph相互作用,这里,我们选用参数NL3。矢量介子空间分量即流虽然对

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利用1999年TM5和2003年的SPOT5遥感影像辅助GIS技术对河北省康保县土地利用景观变化进行了系统研究,并用Logistic逐步回归对驱动因素进行分析;利用Kappa指数对分类结果进行精度评价.结果表明,1999和2003年分类结果的Kappa指数分别为86.72%和89.76%.康保县的旱地大面积减少,但仍为景观基质.菜地、人工草地、有林地面积和未成林造林地明显增加,主要由旱地、天然草地和改良草地转化而来.菜地、人工草地的变化速率增加最快,研究区的景观格局破碎化程度加剧.其景观变化主要是退耕政策实施的结果,坡向因素为主要退耕驱动因素,而直接的驱动因素是由坡向决定的水热条件和肥力因素.

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<正> 3 综合防护林体系布局与配置 辽河三角洲综合防护林体系建设是调整该区农业生态结构的一项重大战略措施,将保证三角洲高效开发能力,杜绝或减轻开发活动对环境要素各种不良影响。防护林体系

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The combination of electrochemistry with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been used to characterize the growth of polyaniline (PAn) on a gold electrode surface during potential cycling. Potential-modulated SPR characteristics of the PAn film were also revealed. The potential switch between the oxidized and reduced states of PAn can lead to a large change of SPR response due to the variation in the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of PAn film resulting from the transition of the film in conductivity. The redox transition of the PAn film during potential cycling is very profitable to the SPR measurements. Two modes of SPR measurement, SPR angular scan (R-theta) and the time evolution of the reflectivity change at a fixed angle (R-t), were displayed to study the growth process of the PAn film. The angle shift of the resonance minimum recorded at each cathodic limit of cyclic potential scanning allows for the unambiguous measurement of the film growth. During cyclic potential scanning, the R-t curve was repeatedly modulated with the direction of the potential ramp as a result of the redox switch of the PAn film, and the amplitude of potential-modulated reflectivity change was well correlated with the cyclic number. The time differential of the R-t curve permits continuous monitoring of the film growth process. These results illustrate that the combined technique is suitable for studying the electropolymerization process of a conducting polymer.

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Five new organotin compounds were synthesized and characterized, X-ray crystal structure analysis of (Z)-3-triphenylstannyl-1,1-diphenyl propenol was performed, The crystal belongs to space group P2(1)/n. The cell parameters are: a = 1.235 7(2) nm, b = 0.987 4(2) nm, c = 2.208 1(4) nm, beta = 95.23(3)degrees, V = 2.683 0(9) nm(3), Z = 4, R = 0.027 9, R-w = 0.064 5. The tin atom of the molecule exists in a distorted tetrahedron, Z isomer of double bond is obtained.

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合成并表征了5种新的有机锡化合物.测定了(Z)-3-三苯基锡基-1,1-二苯基烯丙醇的晶体结构.晶体属于P21/n空间群,晶胞参数a=1.2357(3)nm,b=0.9874(2)nm,c=2.2081(2)nm,β=95.23(3)°,Z=4.分子结构是以锡为中心的畸变四面体构型,双键为顺式构型.并对其性质进行了研究.

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考察了不同组成的V-Sb-O系复合氧化物对丙烷氨氧化的催化活性.用XRD研究了催化剂的结构,利用程序升温方法研究了催化剂中氧的活动性和表面酸碱性,讨论了催化剂体相和表面结构与催化性能间的关系.结果表明,VSbO_4和Sb_2O_4间的协同作用是影响催化活性的重要因素.

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Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen with a broad host range that includes humans, animals, and fish. Recent studies have shown that the LuxS/autoinducer type 2 (AI-2) quorum sensing system is involved in the virulence of E. tarda. In the present study, it was found that the E. tarda LuxS mutants bearing deletions of the catalytic site (C site) and the tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site, respectively, are functionally inactive and that these dysfunctional mutants can interfere with the activity of the wild-type LuxS. Two small peptides, 5411 and 5906, which share sequence identities with the C site of LuxS, were identified. 5411 and 5906 proved to be inhibitors of AI-2 activity and could vitiate the infectivity of the pathogenic E. tarda strain TX1. The inhibitory effect of 5411 and 5906 on AI-2 activity is exerted on LuxS, with which these peptides specifically interact. The expression of 5411 and 5906 in TX1 has multiple effects (altering biofilm production and the expression of certain virulence-associated genes), which are similar to those caused by interruption of luxS expression. Further study found that it is very likely that 5411 and 5906 can be released from the strains expressing them and, should TX1 be in the vicinity, captured by TX1. Based on this observation, a constitutive 5411 producer (Pseudomonas sp. strain FP3/pT5411) was constructed in the form of a fish commensal isolate that expresses 5411 from a plasmid source. The presence of FP3/pT5411 in fish attenuates the virulence of TX1. Finally, it was demonstrated that fish expressing 5411 directly from tissues exhibit enhanced resistance against TX1 infection.

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通过野外控制实验,研究了高寒矮嵩草草甸群落植物多样性、初级生产力对模拟降雨条件的响应.结果表明:(1)在植物生长期(6月),增加降雨20%、增加降雨40%,植物群落物种多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(J)分别比对照提高了0.188和0.011、0.735和0.076,生长期(7月)增加降雨20%物种H和J提高了0.409和0.07;(2)禾草类:增加降雨20%处理的地上生物量与对照相比没有明显的显著性差异(P>0.05),增加降雨40%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05),说明过多增加降雨会抑制禾草的生长发育.杂类草:减少降雨50%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05),其地上生物量对减少降雨的反映比较敏感.莎草类:其地上生物量对增加和减少降雨都没有显著变化;(3)0~10 cm和0~30 cm土层地下生物量均在增加降雨20%时最高,地下生物量的总量也在增加降雨20%时最高;(4)矮嵩草草甸地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季末时最大,且在模拟增加降雨20%的水平时,7、8、9月份地下和地上生物量较其它处理组高.