S��ntese e caracteriza����o de derivados de benzofenona e ��cido cin��mico com atividade fotoprotetora

A radiação ultravioleta emitida pela radiação solar pode causar s��rios danos �� pele humana, sendo essa estratificada em tr��s regi��es do espectro de luz: UVA (315-400nm), UVB (280-315nm) e UVC (200-280nm). A incid��ncia da radiação UVA sobre a pele induz a forma����o de esp��cies reativas de oxig��nio (EROS), afetando indiretamente o DNA humano, podendo provocar c��ncer de pele. Al��m disso, a radiação UVB afeta diretamente as bases pirimid��nicas das mol��culas de DNA, aumentando sua produ����o e favorecendo processos mutag��nicos, produzindo novas células tumorig��nicas tamb��m. Entre os filtros solares qu��micos conhecidos est��o as benzofenonas e os cinamatos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar pr��-f��rmacos derivados de filtros solares qu��micos baseados nas estruturas das benzofenonas ligadas �� derivados do ��cido cin��mico, com propriedades antioxidantes para, desta maneira, obter um composto que prevenisse a carcinog��nese cut��nea por diferentes vertentes. Foram obtidos dois compostos, os quais foram caracterizados estruturalmente por Resson��ncia Magn��tica Nuclear de Hidrog��nio e sua capacidade fotoprotetora atrav��s do m��todo Optometrics, indicando atividade promissora.

Express��o imuno-histoqu��mica das prote��nas E-Caderina e BCL2 e nevos melanociticos orais e cut��neos

Melanocytic nevi (MNs) are benign melanocytic proliferations of cells, which can be found in the skin and mucous coat, including the oral mucosa. However, skin NMs are more common when compared to those that affect the oral mucosa. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of nevi and the factors that can influence the migration pattern of the nevus cells are little explored. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin protein and Bcl-2 in oral / skin NMs and relate them to the clinical characteristics (gender, age, location, exposure to solar radiation) and histopathological types. 36 cases of oral NMs and 34 Skin NMs were analyzed. The immunohistochemistry was used of the protein E-cadherin and bcl-2, which were analyzed the intensity (weak, moderate and strong) and distribution marking (diffuse and focal). The immunoreactivity also analyzed as to the types of nevus cells (epithelioid cells -A, -B lymphocyte and fibroblast-like -C). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square tests of Pearson and Spearman correlation with significance level set at 5%. Of the 70 cases of NMs, 82.9% were female, 48.6% aged 26-50 years, 51.4% were diagnosed histologically as intradermal / intramucosal nevi and 80% were NMs acquired. Immunohistochemical expression of BCL2 and E-cadherin were variables in the sample and showed no association with clinical parameters. The expression of bcl-2 and E-cadherin were variable according to the types of nevus cells (A, B and C) (P = 0.001). The expression of bcl-2 was more diffuse in congenital MNs (p = 0.002). E-cadherin was positive in 83.3% of MNs <1cm (p = 0.001) and exhibited weak staining in 73.9% of MNs that were in exposed areas (p = 0.010). Based on these results, it is suggested that the E-cadherin has a modulating effect on the migratory properties of NMs, and bcl-2 is a marker of MNs with increased proliferative capacity.

Mathematical analysis of maximum power generated by photovoltaic systems and fitting curves for standard test conditions

The rural electrification is characterized by geographical dispersion of the population, low consumption, high investment by consumers and high cost. Moreover, solar radiation constitutes an inexhaustible source of energy and in its conversion into electricity photovoltaic panels are used. In this study, equations were adjusted to field conditions presented by the manufacturer for current and power of small photovoltaic systems. The mathematical analysis was performed on the photovoltaic rural system I- 100 from ISOFOTON, with power 300 Wp, located at the Experimental Farm Lageado of FCA/UNESP. For the development of such equations, the circuitry of photovoltaic cells has been studied to apply iterative numerical methods for the determination of electrical parameters and possible errors in the appropriate equations in the literature to reality. Therefore, a simulation of a photovoltaic panel was proposed through mathematical equations that were adjusted according to the data of local radiation. The results have presented equations that provide real answers to the user and may assist in the design of these systems, once calculated that the maximum power limit ensures a supply of energy generated. This real sizing helps establishing the possible applications of solar energy to the rural producer and informing the real possibilities of generating electricity from the sun.

Photodegradation of sertraline by solar radiation and influencing factors

Photodegradation is considered to be one of the most important processes of elimination of pharmaceutical drugs from natural water matrices. The high consumption and discharge of these substances, in particular antidepressants, to the aquatic environment supports the need to study degradation processes. This dissertation aimed at studying the direct and indirect photodegradation of sertraline, an antidepressant known for its persistence in the environment, and the evaluation of the influence of environmentally relevant factors in its photodegradation. The photodegradation experiments were developed under simulated solar light and the irradiation times converted to summer sunny days (SSD), an equivalent time in natural environmental conditions. The direct photodegradation was evaluated in solutions of sertraline prepared in ultrapure water and the indirect photodegradation was studied through the addition of photosensitizers (humic substances, Fe(III), nitrates and oxygen). Further irradiation studies were perfomed in aqueous samples collected from two wastewater treatment plants, Vouga river and Ria de Aveiro. The samples were chemically characterized (dissolved organic carbon, nitrates and nitrites and iron determination and UV/Vis spectroscopy). The quantification of sertraline was done by HPLC-UV and photoproducts from direct photodegradation were identified by electrospray mass spectrometry. An observed direct photodegradation rate of sertraline of 0.0062 h-1 was determined, corresponding to a half-life time of 111 h (equivalent to 29 SSD). A significant influence of photosensitizers was observed, the best results being achieved in irradiations of sertraline with humic acids, obtaining a half-life time of 12 h. This was attributed to the hydrophobicity of this substance and higher absortivity in the UV/Vis wavelength, which promote processes of indirect photodegradation. The degradation of sertraline in natural samples was also enhanced comparatively to the direct photodegradation, achieving half-life times between 10 and 25h; the best results were achieved in samples from the primary treatment of a wastewater treatment plant and Ria de Aveiro, with half-life times of 10 and 16 h, respectively. A total of six photoproducts formed during the direct photodegradation of sertraline were identified, three of which were not yet identified in the literature. The main factors contributing to the degradation of sertraline were analysed but this was not fully accomplished, requiring further studies of the composition of the natural matrices and the combined influence of distinct photosensitizers during the irradiation. Nevertheless, it was concluded that the photodegradation of sertraline is greatly influenced by indirect photodegradation processes, promoted by the presence of photosensitizers.

Modela����o e simula����o nas lagoas de Quiaios

Tese de dout., Ci��ncias e Tecnologias do Ambiente (Modela����o Ambiental), Univ. do Algarve, 1999

NZEB e os novos revestimentos

Disserta����o de natureza cient��fica para obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na ��rea de Especializa����o de Edifica����es

Crit��rios de projeto para escolas fundamentais bioclim��ticas

Esta disserta����o trata dos crit��rios para a elabora����o de projetos para edifica����es escolares, em especial destinadas para a educa����o infantil e ensino fundamental, considerando a sua inser����o no contexto ambiental, constituindo, assim, uma concep����o arquitet��nica bioclim��tica. Nessa perspectiva a implanta����o, a geometria, a organiza����o espacial e os par��metros construtivos do edif��cio contribuem na materializa����o de espa��os adequados aos requisitos did��tico-pedag��gicos e funcionais e, em especial, ��s exig��ncias de conforto ambiental dos usu��rios, de maneira que a escola, na sua configura����o f��sica, se constitua em um elemento promotor do desenvolvimento intelectual, social e afetivo da crian��a. A partir da concep����o global baseada nos princ��pios da bioclimatologia, o trabalho estabelece as necessidades para condicionamento ambiental determinadas pela caracteriza����o clim��tica de Passo Fundo ��� RS (clima subtropical ��mido de altitude), explorando as estrat��gias solares passivas que utilizam a pr��pria envolt��ria da edifica����o na sele����o daqueles elementos ambientais externos favor��veis ao aquecimento, resfriamento, ventila����o, prote����o �� radiação solar e ilumina����o, a fim de agregar aos crit��rios funcionais de projeto para escolas a maximiza����o do uso desses fatores naturais e a racionaliza����o do uso de energias n��o-renov��veis, tendo como objetivo contribuir para um gradual desenvolvimento sustent��vel O trabalho aborda a legisla����o existente pertinente ��s edifica����es escolares, bem como apresenta exemplos de escolas solares passivas, com a aplica����o de estrat��gias v��lidas para as condi����es locais, confrontadas com estudo de caso simplificado, a fim de que a implementa����o das sugest��es apontadas demostre a sua viabilidade de aplica����o.

Estudo e concep����o de sistemas de ventila����o natural em edif��cios de habita����o

Pretende-se que este trabalho seja uma contribui����o para o reconhecimento da import��ncia da promo����o da ventila����o em edif��cios de habita����o, esta que �� imprescind��vel para que haja um ambiente saud��vel e confort��vel no espa��o interior. Pretende-se tamb��m que seja dado a conhecer alguns tipos de sistemas de ventila����o que recorrem a processos naturais para o seu funcionamento, garantindo assim a sustentabilidade dos edif��cios a n��vel energ��tico. Nesta disserta����o �� inicialmente abordada a tem��tica do conforto t��rmico, com o objectivo de compreender a adapta����o e resposta de um indiv��duo face ��s condi����es t��rmicas no interior de um edif��cio de habita����o. Seguidamente foram estudados os factores que mais influenciam o processo de Ventila����o Natural, ou seja, a ac����o do vento e a ac����o t��rmica (o sol). O passo seguinte foi o estudo do dimensionamento e concep����o de sistemas de Ventila����o Natural mais usuais (tais como aberturas exteriores, aberturas interiores e chamin��s), e o estudo de v��rios exemplos de sistemas solar passivos e estrat��gias arquitect��nicas que podem ser utilizados. Seguidamente foi estudada a modela����o matem��tica dos processos de Ventila����o Natural. Foram ainda estudados dois edif��cios constru��dos na regi��o aut��noma da Madeira, mais concretamente na ilha de Porto Santo, estes que foram concebidos para se adaptarem ao clima da regi��o atrav��s de algumas estrat��gias arquitect��nicas e atrav��s de sistemas solar passivos. Finalmente foi elaborado um pequeno projecto para uma moradia a ser constru��da na ilha da Madeira. Para esta foram adoptadas algumas estrat��gias tendo em vista uma adapta����o ao clima durante todo o ano, nomeadamente estrat��gias arquitect��nicas e sistemas solar passivos para a promo����o da Ventila����o Natural.

Interaction of temperature and light on seed germination in Tecoma stans L. Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalence of precancerous skin lesions and non-melanoma skin cancer in Japanese-Brazilians in Bauru, S��o Paulo State, Brazil

Manifesta����es cut��neas pr��-neopl��sicas e neopl��sicas em asi��ticos s��o infreq��entes e pouco documentadas. O Brasil possui o maior contingente de imigrantes japoneses e 70% deles residem no Estado de S��o Paulo. A preval��ncia dessas les��es em nipo-brasileiros �� desconhecida. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a preval��ncia de queratoses act��nicas e tumores cut��neos n��o melanomas em nipo-brasileiros acima de trinta anos de 1�� gera����o ou 2�� gera����o, sem miscigena����o, residentes na cidade de Bauru, no ano de 2006. Dos 567 nipo-brasileiros submetidos a exame dermatol��gico, diagnosticou-se queratose act��nica em 76 pacientes, com m��dia de idade de 68,9 anos, e ��nico carcinoma basocelular em paciente do sexo feminino de 39 anos. No Jap��o, a preval��ncia de queratose act��nica �� de 0,76% a 5% e a incid��ncia de tumores cut��neos n��o melanomas �� de 1,2 a 5,4/100 mil. Os nipo-brasileiros de Bauru apresentaram preval��ncia de 13,4% de queratoses act��nicas e idade mais precoce de aparecimento. Proximidade com o Equador e atividades rurais contribuem para esses achados. A presen��a de melanose solar demonstrou risco 1,9 vez maior de desenvolver queratose act��nica.

Growth and physiological responses of sunflower plants exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracteriza����o do saldo de radiação em ambiente protegido e a campo de seus efeitos sobre as necessidades h��dricas do cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes sp.)

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

An��lise num��rica de um coletor solar de tubo evacuado

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Saldo de radiação obtido atrav��s de medida e estimativa por tr��s modelos e a sua rela����o com o desenvolvimento da cultura de cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes sp.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Variabilidade dos elementos energ��ticos e ambientes em meio protegido com polietileno, sem e com cultura do piment��o (Capsicum annuum L.)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)