Varareittisuunnitelma Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ELY-keskuksen alueen itäosan kantateille : Kantatiet 75, 76, 78, 81 ja 89

Pääteillä esiintyvien häiriöiden, kuten onnettomuuksien, tietöiden, tapahtumien ja poikkeuksellisten ruuhkatilanteiden varalle tarvitaan varareittejä, joille liikenne voidaan häiriön sattuessa ohjata joko kokonaan tai osittain. Varareitit ja niiden opastus tulee olla ennalta suunniteltuja, jolloin niiden käyttöönotto sujuu häiriötilanteessa mahdollisimman vaivattomasti eri viranomaisten yhteistyönä. Häiriötilanteiden hallinnassa paitsi suunnitellut varareitit ja niiden liikenteen ohjaus, myös tiivis yhteistyö eri viranomaisten välillä on oleellista tilanteen sujuvan hoitamisen kannalta. Tässä raportissa on esitetty Pohjois-Pohjanmaan itäosan kantateille liikenteen häiriötilanteissa käytettävät varareitit, häiriöpaikalla tapahtuvan liikenteenohjauksen periaatekuva sekä varareittien liikenteenohjaussuunnitelmat. Suunnittelualueella on, kuten pääsääntöisesti koko Suomen tieverkolla, varsin vähän lyhyitä ja aina kaikelle liikenteelle soveltuvia varareittejä. Tämän vuoksi suunnitelmassa määritettiin varsinkin raskaan liikenteen tarpeita ajatellen myös pidempiä varareittejä. Pidemmille varareiteille liikennettä ohjattaessa korostuu tiedotuksen ja liikenteenohjauskaluston tärkeys. Varareitin aktivoinnissa ja liikenteenohjauksen järjestämisessä korostuu yhteistyö liikenneviraston tieliikennekeskuksen kanssa. ELYkeskus vastaa kustannuksista, urakoitsijan kanssa tehdyn sopimuksen mukaisesti, jotka syntyvät urakoitsijan toiminnasta häiriöhallintatilanteen purkamisessa

The Baltic republics : a strategic survey

Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the War College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the War College.

The Baltic : sea of changes

Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College.

EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region: its added value in environmental social and economic dimensions

The European Council has invited the European Commission to present the first macro-regional strategy – the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) on the 14th of December 2007, primarily to address collective challenges and opportunities of the Region and also to engender cohesion in support of an European integration policy. However, macro-regional strategies conceived to aid European integration and territorial cohesion were viewed by academics with skepticism, obscuring the strategies’ potential impact. This thesis intends to investigate and measure the added value of the EUSBSR in order to analyze its impact on regional development and its feasibility as a guide for future programs intending to strengthen European cohesion and integration. To determine the added value of the EUSBSR the thesis is organized into three sections, so as to address environmental, social, and economic concerns, respectively. The first case examines EU-Russia cooperation in an environmental context to investigate how environmental cooperation with an external neighbor could forge increased cohesion in a macro-regional setting. To figure the added cooperation that academic cooperation among universities would contribute to social dimension, the work has chosen several study results. Lastly, to measure out the added value for the economic strategy objective, the study employs the project for Improved Global Competitiveness in an example of ‘A Baltic Sea Region Program for Innovation, Cluster and SME-Networks’ as an economic plan.

Geographical Studies of Underwater Light Dynamics in the Coastal Archipelago of SW Finland, Baltic Sea

The underwater light field is an important environmental variable as it, among other things, enables aquatic primary production. Although the portion of solar radiation that is referred to as visible light penetrates water, it is restricted to a limited surface water layer because of efficient absorption and scattering processes. Based on the varying content of optical constituents in the water, the efficiency of light attenuation changes in many dimensions and over various spatial and temporal scales. This thesis discusses the underwater light dynamics of a transitional coastal archipelago in south-western Finland, in the Baltic Sea. While the area has long been known to have a highly variable underwater light field, quantified knowledge on the phenomenon has been scarce, patchy, or non-existent. This thesis focuses on the variability in the underwater light field through euphotic depths (1% irradiance remaining), which were derived from in situ measurements of vertical profiles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Spot samples were conducted in the archipelago of south-western Finland, mainly during the ice-free growing seasons of 2010 and 2011. In addition to quantifying both the seasonal and geographical patterns of euphotic depth development, the need and usability of underwater light information are also discussed. Light availability was found to fluctuate in multiple dimensions and scales. The euphotic depth was shown to have combined spatio-temporal dynamics rather than separate changes in spatial and temporal dimensions. Such complexity in the underwater light field creates challenges in data collection, as well as in its utilisation. Although local information is needed, in highly variable conditions spot sampled information may only poorly represent its surroundings. Moreover, either temporally or spatially limited sampling may cause biases in understanding underwater light dynamics. Consequently, the application of light availability data, for example in ecological modelling, should be made with great caution.