Flora of Peru / Alwyn H. Gentry, Dillon Michael O., and Jones Samuel B.

n.s. no.5(1980)

Flora of Peru. Michael O. Dillon.

n.s. no.11(1982)

Flora of Peru. Michael O. Dillon.

n.s. no.10(1982)

Flora of Peru. Michael O. Dillon.

n.s. no.7(1981)

Larval life in the leaves: arboreal tadpole types, with special attention to the morphology, ecology, and behavior of the Oophagous Osteopilus brunneus (Hylidae) larva / Michael J. Lannoo, Daniel S. Townsend, Richard J. Wassersug.

n.s. no.38(1987)

Comparative microscopic dental anatomy in the Petalodontida (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) / Rainer Zangerl --, H. Frank Winter --, Michael C. Hansen --.

n.s. no.26(1993)

Führer für Pilzfreunde : die am haüfigsten vorkommenden essbaren, verdächtigen und giftigen Pilze / von Edmund Michael ; nach der Natur von A. Schmalfuss gemalt ...

3

Führer für Pilzfreunde : die am haüfigsten vorkommenden essbaren, verdächtigen und giftigen Pilze / von Edmund Michael ; nach der Natur von A. Schmalfuss gemalt ...

1

Führer für Pilzfreunde : die am haüfigsten vorkommenden essbaren, verdächtigen und giftigen Pilze / von Edmund Michael ; nach der Natur von A. Schmalfuss gemalt ...

2

New genera and subgenera of augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) / by Michael S. Engel, Robert W. Brooks, and Douglas Yanega.

no.5

Vitamin D deficiency and a CYP27B1-1260 promoter polymorphism are associated with chronic hepatitis C and poor response to interferon-alfa based therapy

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is an important immune modulator and preliminary data indicated an association between vitamin D deficiency and sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We therefore performed a comprehensive analysis on the impact of vitamin D serum levels and of genetic polymorphisms within the vitamin D cascade on chronic hepatitis C and its treatment. METHODS: Vitamin D serum levels, genetic polymorphisms within the vitamin D receptor and the 1α- hydroxylase were determined in a cohort of 468 HCV genotype 1, 2 and 3 infected patients who were treated with interferon-alfa based regimens. RESULTS: Chronic hepatitis C was associated with a high incidence of severe vitamin D deficiency compared to controls (25(OH)D3<10 ng/mL in 25% versus 12%, p<0.00001), which was in part reversible after HCV eradication. 25(OH)D3 deficiency correlated with SVR in HCV genotype 2 and 3 patients (63% and 83% SVR for patients with and without severe vitamin D deficiency, respectively, p<0.001). In addition, the CYPB27-1260 promoter polymorphism rs10877012 had substantial impact on 1-25- dihydroxyvitamin D serum levels and SVR rates in HCV genotype 1, 2 and 3 infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Reduced 25- hydroxyvitamin D levels and CYPB27-1260 promoter polymorphism are associated with failure to achieve SVR in HCV genotype 1, 2, 3 infected patients.

Time is Running Out: The 2°C Target and Optimal Climate Policies

The quintessence of recent natural science studies is that the 2 degrees C target can only be achieved with massive emission reductions in the next few years. The central twist of this paper is the addition of this limited time to act into a non-perpetual real options framework analysing optimal climate policy under uncertainty. The window-of-opportunity modelling setup shows that the limited time to act may spark a trend reversal in the direction of low-carbon alternatives. However, the implementation of a climate policy is evaded by high uncertainty about possible climate pathways.