Herbage accumulation, growth and structural characteristics of Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) harvested at different cutting intervals

The objective of the present study was to evaluate herbage accumulation, morphological composition, growth rate and structural characteristics in Mombasa grass swards subject to different cutting intervals (3, 5 and 7 wk) during the rainy and dry seasons of the year. Treatments were assigned to experimental units (17.5 m(2)) according to a complete randomised block design, with four replicates. Herbage accumulation was greater in the rainy than in the dry season (83 and 17%, respectively). Herbage accumulation (24,300 kg DM ha(-1)), average growth rate (140 kg DM ha(-1) d(-1)) and sward height (111 cm) were highest in the 7 wk cutting interval, but leaf proportion (56%), leaf:stem (1.6) and leaf:non leaf (1.3) ratios decreased. Herbage accumulation, morphological composition and sward structure of Mombasa grass sward may be manipulated through defoliation frequency. The highest leaf proportion was recorded in the 3-wk cutting interval. Longer cutting intervals affected negatively sward structure, with potential negative effects on utilization efficiency, animal intake and performance.

Tumor slices as a model to evaluate doxorubicin in vitro treatment and expression of trios of genes PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2 in canine mammary gland cancer

Background: In women with breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based in doxorubicin, tumor expression of groups of three genes (PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2) have classified them as responsive or resistant. We have investigated whether expression of these trios of genes could predict mammary carcinoma response in dogs and whether tumor slices, which maintain epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, could be used to evaluate drug response in vitro. Methods: Tumors from 38 dogs were sliced and cultured with or without doxorubicin 1 mu M for 24 h. Tumor cells were counted by two observers to establish a percentage variation in cell number, between slices. Based on these results, a reduction in cell number between treated and control samples >= 21.7%, arbitrarily classified samples, as drug responsive. Tumor expression of PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and SMYD2, was evaluated by real time PCR. Relative expression results were then transformed to their natural logarithm values, which were spatially disposed according to the expression of trios of genes, comprising PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2. Fisher linear discrimination test was used to generate a separation plane between responsive and non-responsive tumors. Results: Culture of tumor slices for 24 h was feasible. Nine samples were considered responsive and 29 non-responsive to doxorubicin, considering the pre-established cut-off value of cell number reduction = 21.7%, between doxorubicin treated and control samples. Relative gene expression was evaluated and tumor samples were then spatially distributed according to the expression of the trios of genes: PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2. A separation plane was generated. However, no clear separation between responsive and non-responsive samples could be observed. Conclusion: Three-dimensional distribution of samples according to the expression of the trios of genes PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2 could not predict doxorubicin in vitro responsiveness. Short term culture of mammary gland cancer slices may be an interesting model to evaluate chemotherapy activity.

PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, LEISHMANIA INFANTUM, ENCEPHALITOZOON CUNICULI, SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA, AND NEOSPORA CANINUM IN CAPYBARA, HYDROCHOERUS HYDROCHAERIS, FROM SAO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Little is known about the importance of capybara. Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, as reservoirs for parasites of zoonotic or veterinary importance. Sera from 63 capybaras, from 6 counties in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, were examined for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruel, Leishmania infantum, Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Sarcacystis neurona, and Neospora caninum using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Five (8%) of the 63 capybaras had antibodies to T cruzi epimastigotes. None of the samples from capybara reacted positively with L. infantum promastigotes or with spores of E. cuniculi. Two (3%) of the serum samples were positive for antibodies to S. neurona merozoites, and 2 (3%) of the serum samples were positive for antibodies to N. caninum tachyzoites. A serum sample from 1 capybara was positive for antibodies to both T cruzi and N. caninum. None of the remaining 62 samples reacted with more than 1 parasite.

Nuclear morphometry in cytopathology: a prognostic indicator for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors

Twenty-nine canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) were morphometrically analyzed with regard to mean nuclear area (MNA) using cytopathology smears. The results showed a correlation between MNA and survival. When graded into 2 morphometrically different groups, there were statistically significant differences among high- and low-grade MCTs, regarding both Romanowsky-type stain and hematoxylin and eosin. Cytomorphometry could also separate histologic grade II tumors with better prognosis from the more aggressive MCTs. The results indicated that nuclear morphometry on cytopathology preparations can predict the biological behavior of cutaneous MCTs in dogs in an independent manner, yielding a rapid and reproducible diagnosis, which renders the method useful for veterinary oncology.

Massive infestation by Perulernaea gamitanae (Crustacea: Cyclopoida: Lernaidae) in juvenile gamitana, cultured in the Peruvian Amazon

The gamitana is a species of socio-economic importance in the Peruvian Amazon, often intensively produced locally for human consumption. Because of this, more studies concerning parasite populations affecting this species culture are necessary. In this study, a heavy copepod infestation of Perulernaea gamitanae is reported in a managed culture of gamitana. The prevalence of infection was 100% and mortality of the fish population was complete. The average intensity and abundance of the parasite was 268.8 parasites per individual.

EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROTEINIC QUALITY OF THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED AND ORGANIC SOY BEANS IN THE GROWTH OF TWO GENERATIONS OF RATS WISTAR

Feijo, T.S., Cardozo, SX, Daleprane, J.B., Sabaa Srur, A.U.O. & Boaventura, G.T. [Evaluation of the influence of the proteinic quality of the genetically modified and organic soy beans in the growth of two generations of rats Wistar.] Avaliacao da influencia da qualidade proteica da soja geneticamente modificada e organica no crescimento de duas geracoes de ratos Wistar. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 31(3):139-144, 2009. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Patologia, Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro. Centro de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense. Rua Marques do Parana, 303, Niteroi, RJ 24030-210, Brasil. E-mail: sergian@ufnj.br Sixty four Wistar rats, male of two consecutive generations determined as F(0) and F(1) were used to study the cumulative effect of two variety soy beans, cultivated with organic seasoning and genetically modified, The animals of each generation were divided into three groups of eight rats each fed on diets consisted of organic soy, soy genetically modified and casein respectively. All the animals received water and the diet ad libitum for period of 28 days. Where the diet consumption and the animals weight were evaluated. After statistic analysis of the results no expressive differences were observed on diet consumption, weight variation, protein efficient ratio and food efficiency ratio on same group of animals in the different generations. On the other hand, significant difference was found on final proteinic retention on animal descendants of the same groups; however of different generations. With this, the supplementation of organic soy with L-cistin provided better avail of this protein in relation to the protein of the soy genetically modified. However, this supplementation did not reveal efficiency in keeping the proteinic employment from one generation to another one, since soy varieties presented better performance on F(0) generation when compared with F(1).

REDUCED ERYTHROCITARY GLUTATHIONE AND HEINZ BODIES IN CATS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH THE FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Santos, K.B.; Daniel, A.G.T. & Hagiwara, M.K. [Reduced erythrocitary Glutathione and Heinz bodies in cats experimentally infected with the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus.] Glutationa Reduzida Eritrocitaria e Corpusculos de Heinz em gatos infectados experimentalmente pelo Virus da Imunodeficieneia Felina. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 30(1):26-30, 2008. Centro Universitario Serra dos Orgaos, Rua Comendador Queiroz 52, Apto. 1403, Niteroi, RJ 24230-220, Brasil. E-mail: keilabsantos@)gmail.com The Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) produces a chronic infection with immunologic system disfunctions in domestic cats developing non-responsive anaemia. The feline immunologic status depression produces free radicals, whose imbalance between production and removal in the organism favour the oxidative injury occurrence. Heinz bodies in large amounts also can evident in vivo oxidative damage. Glutatione, a tripeptide found in the animal cells, is an important protection mechanism against oxidative damages. In this work erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations for healthy and cats experimentally infected by FIV were determinated in relation to the hemogram and the Heinz bodies presence. All of the animals presents normal values for hemogram and Heinz bodies, however the GSH erythrocyte concentrations in the FIV positive cats were below the normality probably due to an passive depletion to GSH.

THE SENSIBILITY AND USE OF ENROFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF FELINE CHRONIC GINGIVITIS

Daniel, A.G.T; Reche Junior, A. & Santos, K.B. [The sensibility and use of enrofloxacin in the treatment of feline chronic gingivitis.] Sensibilidade e aplicabilidade da enrofloxacina no tratamento das gengivites cronicas em felinos domesticos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 30(1):36-39, 2008. Medicoveterinario Residente na area de clinica e cirurgia de pequenos animais do Hospital Veterinario, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Cidade Universitaria, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-240. E-mail: alegtd@yahoo.com.br The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity to enrofloxacin of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of cats with chronic gingivitis. Twenty five cats male and famale with variable degrees of gingivitis were included in this study. The samples were colected by culturette swabs and submitted to bacterial culture and sensitivity. The results showed that 91% of the bacteria isolated from the culture were sensitive to enrofloxacin, demonstrating that this antibiotic is a good option in the clinical treatment or post-operative treatment of feline chronic gingivitis.

First isolation and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis in Costa Rica, Central America

The present study investigated Ehrlichia species in blood samples from dogs suspected of clinical ehrlichiosis, using molecular and isolation techniques in cell culture. From a total of 310 canine blood samples analyzed by 16S rRNA nested PCR, 148 (47.7%) were positive for Ehrlichia canis. DNA from Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii was not detected in any sample using species-specific primers in separated reactions. Leukocytes from five PCR-positive dogs were inoculated into DH82 cells; successful isolation of E. canis was obtained in four samples. Partial sequence of the dsb gene of eight canine blood samples (including the five samples for in vitro isolation) was obtained by PCR and their analyses through BLAST showed 100% of identity with the corresponding sequence of E. canis in GenBank. This study represents the first molecular diagnosis, isolation, and molecular characterization of E. canis in dogs from Costa Rica. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Jornada Científica da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (4. : 2015 : Sinop, MT).

A IV Jornada Científica da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Jcea) teve como objetivo promover o intercâmbio de conhecimento entre pesquisadores, estudantes e estagiários, colocando em discussão temas relevantes para pesquisa e inovação. Objetivou também valorizar alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, estimulando sua adesão e consolidando sua participação no meio científico e, por fim, divulgar os resultados obtidos. A IV Jcea aconteceu no período de 18 a 20 de agosto de 2015. Foram realizadas duas palestras e seções de apresentação de trabalho em formato de pôster e oral. A programação completa segue abaixo. Como em edições anteriores, foram mantidas atividades de interesse dos participantes, como a publicação e a apresentação de trabalhos técnico-científicos. Nesta edição, foram submetidos ao todo 36 resumos, destes, foram selecionados 18 para apresentação oral. O comitê selecionou os três melhores trabalhos e estes foram premiados com uma menção honrosa. Também foram aceitos para publicação uma revisão de literatura e um relato de caso. O Núcleo de Apoio a Projetos, o Comitê de Iniciação Científica e o Núcleo de Comunicação Organizacional foram responsáveis pela organização do evento.

Semana Acadêmica - Sinop/2014, 1., 2014, Sinop, MT.

"Visando desenvolver um espaço que possibilite a discussão e a troca de conhecimentos fundamentais na formação dos profissionais comprometidos com os problemas contemporâneos, a Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop e a Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril promovem a SEMANA ACADÊMICA ? Sinop/2014, de 13 a 16 de outubro de 2014. A Semana Acadêmica vai agregar quatro eventos paralelos "Seminário Integrador PIBID e Tutoria"; "Mostra de Ensino e Extensão"; "XXII Seminário de Iniciação Científica" e "III Jornada Científica da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril" Em ação conjunta da UFMT, através de suas Pró-Reitorias, a saber, Pró-Reitoria de Ensino de Graduação, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pró-Reitoria de Cultura, Extensão e Vivência, Pró-Reitoria do Campus Universitário de Sinop e da Embrapa, através de várias Unidades que desenvolvem trabalhos em Mato Grosso, a Semana Acadêmica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, campus Sinop ? 2014, objetiva elevar a valorização dos acadêmicos, incentivar a divulgação de trabalhos de pesquisa, ensino e extensão, estimular as atividades de investigação, promovendo debates interdisciplinares para o desenvolvimento institucional, profissional e pessoal. A comissão organizadora espera que aproximadamente 600 trabalhos sejam apresentados, com destaque às sessões científicas, como parte do Programa Institucional de Iniciação Científica, Extensão como parte do Programa de Extensão da UFMT e de Monitoria e Tutoria como parte dos Programas de Ensino de Graduação. O evento será composto por palestras e apresentação de trabalhos de Iniciação Científica, Extensão e Graduação desenvolvidas na UFMT, Campus Sinop e pela Embrapa, consolidando assim, um espaço para divulgação e troca de experiências no Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão.

Activity of carvacrol against Coagulase-negative Staphylococci biofilm related infections

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioengenharia

Evaluación del uso de fluorquinolonas en llamas

La explotación comercial de la llama facilita la aparición de patologías bacterianas y parasitarias que producen importantes pérdidas económicas. Su prevención y el tratamiento exigen establecer regímenes terapéuticos eficaces y seguros que eviten la aparición de resistencias. La ausencia de especialidades farmacéuticas propias para esta especie y la falta de información científica sobre el comportamiento de los fármacos de uso habitual en llamas obligan al veterinario a establecer pautas terapéuticas “fuera de prospecto”, a partir de su experiencia en otras especies. Esto conlleva el riesgo de alcanzar o bien niveles tóxicos o bien sub-terapéuticos; estos últimos facilitan la aparición de resistencias bacterianas transmisibles a otras poblaciones. Pretendemos describir el comportamiento cinético de dos antimicrobianos de amplio espectro y uso exclusivo en veterinaria (enrofloxacina y marbofloxacina). Los datos obtenidos nos permitirán evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de diferentes regímenes terapéuticos que puedan dar respuesta a las necesidades clínicas en esta especie. El proyecto que abordamos se encuentra en una línea de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales dentro de un espíritu de compromiso social, desarrollo sostenible, bienestar animal y salud pública.

Evaluación del uso “extra-label” de fluorquinolonas en llamas desde un enfoque plural: bienestar animal versus salud pública y ecotoxicología

La explotación comercial de la llama facilita la aparición de patologías bacterianas y parasitarias que producen importantes pérdidas económicas. Su prevención y el tratamiento exigen establecer regímenes terapéuticos eficaces y seguros que eviten la aparición de resistencias. La ausencia de especialidades farmacéuticas propias para esta especie y la falta de información científica sobre el comportamiento de los fármacos de uso habitual en llamas, obligan al veterinario a establecer pautas terapéuticas “fuera de prospecto”, a partir de su experiencia en otras especies. Esto conlleva el riesgo de alcanzar o bien niveles tóxicos o bien sub-terapéuticos, estos últimos facilitan la aparición de resistencias bacterianas transmisibles a otras poblaciones. Pretendemos describir el comportamiento cinético de dos antimicrobianos de amplio espectro y uso exclusivo en veterinaria (enrofloxacina y marbofloxacina). Los datos obtenidos nos permitirán evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de diferentes regímenes terapéuticos que puedan dar respuesta a las necesidades clínicas en esta especie. El proyecto que abordamos se encuentra en una línea de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales dentro de un espíritu de compromiso social, desarrollo sostenible, bienestar animal y salud pública.