199 resultados para Amateurs


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NBC Universal’s decision to use Creative Commons-licensed photographs in an Olympic broadcast is an example of how media conglomerates are experimenting with collaboration with amateurs, but it also reveals potential problems of letting non-lawyers negotiate copyright licensing agreements. In the process, NBC’s producers nearly opened the door for a multimillion-dollar infringement law suit. To avoid such pitfalls, media companies need to adopt policies and best practices for using amateur licensed works. These guidelines should instruct how a production can attribute collaborating authors and how the Open Content licensing terms affect the licensing of the productions. The guidelines should also instruct how producers can seek alternative licensing arrangements with amateurs and contribute back to the Open Content community.

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Over the past few years, archaeology has experienced a rapid development in geophysical prospection and remote sensing techniques. At the same time, the focus of archaeological research has shifted to landscape evelopment and human interaction. To impart the results, new methods and techniques are necessary. Virtual globes such as Google Earth offer fascinating methods of giving interested amateurs the possibility to interactively explore ancient cities and landscapes. Thanks to the increasing usage of GIS in cultural heritage, the implementation of interactive three dimensional learning opportunities becomes less and less tedious, but the non-linear narrative story telling medium demands for a special adaption of the content. This paper summarizes the experience gained during the realization of the “Virtual Cilicia Project” and outlines the future potential of virtual globes in the field of cultural heritage.

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The international standardisation of national meteorological networks in the late nineteenth century excluded biotic and abiotic observations from the objects to be henceforth published in the yearbooks. Skilled amateurs being in charge of three meteorological stations in Canton Schaffhausen (Switzerland) and their successors managed to continuously publish phenological observations gathered in the station environment alongside with meteorological data in the official gazette of this Canton from 1876 to 1950, i.e. up to the onset of phenological network observations in Switzerland. At least ten observations are available for 51 plant and animal phenological phases. Long series were assembled (N → = 30) for 14 plant phenological observations, among them for the first flowering of snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis), of hazel (Corylus avellana), of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), of winter rye (Secale cereale) and of grape vine (Vitis vinifera) as well as the beginning of hay, winter rye and grape harvesting. Only the bare data were published without any metadata. The quality of 10 long series (N →=60) was checked by investigating the biographical and biological background of key observers and submitting their evidence to graphical (meteorological plausibility check of outliers) and statistical verification. The long term observers, mostly schoolteachers and high school professors, had a good knowledge of botany and the quality of their observations – disregarding obvious printing errors – is surprisingly good. A number of long series (seven) was completed with applicable data from the Swiss Phenological Network up to 2011. Besides anthropogenic shifts (beginning of hay and grape harvest) there is a contrast between a global warming-related earlier flowering of snowdrop and hazel and a later occurrence of grape vine flowering.

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Pensar los jóvenes de hoy implica pensar nuevas modalidades de consumo, de producción y de construcción identitaria en una sociedad compleja, atravesada en los últimos años por sucesivas transformaciones en sus diferentes esferas. En este sentido las producciones de jóvenes diseñadores independientes se plantean como un nuevo espacio de participación económica y cultural. Productos diseñados por diseñadores, artistas o amateurs proponen una nueva manera de "vestir" la vida cotidiana. Productos de diseño, indumentaria, accesorios o aquello que acompañe al sujeto en su cotidianidad, son construidos en torno a una nueva cultura identitaria frente a la crisis de la sociedad de masas, proponiendo una opción sugerente de distinción social. Los diseños como objetos simbólicos de valor distintivo, en un espacio social de reconocimiento de lo no-masificado, son ofrecidos como productos que aportan identidad al usuario, caracterizados por ser originales, exclusivos o simplemente "de diseño". Se propone en este trabajo conocer la manera en que estos diseñadores participan en el espacio social, económico y cultural, e indagar cómo perciben el diseño y sus propias creaciones en tanto posible influencia en la conformación de una cultura identitaria -configurada en torno al diseño-, tratándose justamente de creaciones únicas orientadas a un público que apela a la 'no masividad'.

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Pensar los jóvenes de hoy implica pensar nuevas modalidades de consumo, de producción y de construcción identitaria en una sociedad compleja, atravesada en los últimos años por sucesivas transformaciones en sus diferentes esferas. En este sentido las producciones de jóvenes diseñadores independientes se plantean como un nuevo espacio de participación económica y cultural. Productos diseñados por diseñadores, artistas o amateurs proponen una nueva manera de "vestir" la vida cotidiana. Productos de diseño, indumentaria, accesorios o aquello que acompañe al sujeto en su cotidianidad, son construidos en torno a una nueva cultura identitaria frente a la crisis de la sociedad de masas, proponiendo una opción sugerente de distinción social. Los diseños como objetos simbólicos de valor distintivo, en un espacio social de reconocimiento de lo no-masificado, son ofrecidos como productos que aportan identidad al usuario, caracterizados por ser originales, exclusivos o simplemente "de diseño". Se propone en este trabajo conocer la manera en que estos diseñadores participan en el espacio social, económico y cultural, e indagar cómo perciben el diseño y sus propias creaciones en tanto posible influencia en la conformación de una cultura identitaria -configurada en torno al diseño-, tratándose justamente de creaciones únicas orientadas a un público que apela a la 'no masividad'.

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Pensar los jóvenes de hoy implica pensar nuevas modalidades de consumo, de producción y de construcción identitaria en una sociedad compleja, atravesada en los últimos años por sucesivas transformaciones en sus diferentes esferas. En este sentido las producciones de jóvenes diseñadores independientes se plantean como un nuevo espacio de participación económica y cultural. Productos diseñados por diseñadores, artistas o amateurs proponen una nueva manera de "vestir" la vida cotidiana. Productos de diseño, indumentaria, accesorios o aquello que acompañe al sujeto en su cotidianidad, son construidos en torno a una nueva cultura identitaria frente a la crisis de la sociedad de masas, proponiendo una opción sugerente de distinción social. Los diseños como objetos simbólicos de valor distintivo, en un espacio social de reconocimiento de lo no-masificado, son ofrecidos como productos que aportan identidad al usuario, caracterizados por ser originales, exclusivos o simplemente "de diseño". Se propone en este trabajo conocer la manera en que estos diseñadores participan en el espacio social, económico y cultural, e indagar cómo perciben el diseño y sus propias creaciones en tanto posible influencia en la conformación de una cultura identitaria -configurada en torno al diseño-, tratándose justamente de creaciones únicas orientadas a un público que apela a la 'no masividad'.

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Remains of large Pleistocene mammals always attract attention. Scientists and local people who work and live in the Laptev Sea Region find and collect various bones and fragments of large mammals. Some of them are brought to the Lena Delta Reserve. Mammal remains of the "Mammoth fauna" are the most common artifacts in the paleontological collection of the Lena Delta Reserve museum. The collection includes single bones, fragments of skeletons, bones with soft tissues and hair of Late Pleistocene and Holocene specimens. It consists of nearly 300 samples. The museum was created thanks to the enthusiasm of Dr. A. Gukov, the present director of the reserve. Employees of the reserve, school teachers, pupils and other interested people also contribute. The first specimens were collected in 1985. They were bison bones collected by Yarlykov Yu. A. on Makar Island (Yana Delta Region) near the Makar polar station; Efimov S. N. found horse and reindeer bones on the Myostakh Cape, Bykovsky Peninsula (Lena Delta Region). Mammoth and reindeer bones were collected by Gukov A. Yu. during the same year on Kurungnakh-Sise Island. Over more than 20 years many people have presented their finds to the reserve. These are samples from different islands of the Lena Delta Region, from the New Siberian Islands, from the Yana Delta Region, and from the southern coasts of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. Most of the collection consists of bones from the Bykovsky Peninsula (about 100 samples) as well as from the islands of the Lena Delta Region. Unfortunately not all samples have exact information about their origins or is geological information available for all finds. It is typical for this exhibition that the finds were collected by amateurs (not during geological or paleontological expeditions). A considerable portion of the collection consists of finds of Dr. A. Gukov from different locations within the Lena Delta Reserve. In 2001 Dr. A. Sher delivered about 40 samples from the Bykovsky Peninsula (Mamontovy Khayata) to the museum.

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the visual strategies prior to a throw from 7 metres in elite and amateur handball goalkeepers. To this end we analyzed the visual fixations in number and order of 10 goalkeepers (29.7±5.4 years; 14.7±8.6 years of experience), 3 elite and 7 amateurs, during the life size projection of 14 different throws, made by different players. During each throw the movement of the eyeballs, the dilation of the pupil (pupillometry) and the subject?s blinking were recorded thanks to a technological system which permitted eye tracking with high speed cameras, and the subsequent presentation of the visual data for each action studied. The elite goalkeepers performed a greater number of visual fixations than the amateur goalkeepers, revealing large and significant differences. Equally the priority zones observed were differed, with the amateur goalkeepers fixating more on the thrower?s face, and the elite goalkeepers paying more attention to the area of the arm/ball. It can therefore be inferred that elite goalkeepers have a greater perceptive capacity and also use different visual strategies from the amateur goalkeepers.

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Since 2006, the European Near Earth Asteroids Research (EURONEAR) project has been contributing to the research of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) within a European network. One of the main aims is the amelioration of the orbits of NEAs, and starting in 2014 February we focus on the recovery of one-opposition NEAs using the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) in La Palma in override mode. Part of this NEA recovery project, since 2014 June EURONEAR serendipitously started to discover and secure the first NEAs from La Palma and using the INT, thanks to the teamwork including amateurs and students who promptly reduce the data, report discoveries and secure new objects recovered with the INT and few other telescopes from the EURONEAR network. Five NEAs were discovered with the INT, including 2014 LU14, 2014 NL52 (one very fast rotator), 2014 OL339 (the fourth known Earth quasi-satellite), 2014 SG143 (a quite large NEA), and 2014 VP. Another very fast moving NEA was discovered but was unfortunately lost due to lack of follow-up time. Additionally, another 14 NEA candidates were identified based on two models, all being rapidly followed-up using the INT and another 11 telescopes within the EURONEAR network. They include one object discovered by Pan-STARRS, two Mars crossers, two Hungarias, one Jupiter trojan, and other few inner main belt asteroids (MBAs). Using the INT and Sierra Nevada 1.5 m for photometry, then the Gran Telescopio de Canarias for spectroscopy, we derived the very rapid rotation of 2014 NL52, then its albedo, magnitude, size, and its spectral class. Based on the total sky coverage in dark conditions, we evaluate the actual survey discovery rate using 2-m class telescopes. One NEA is possible to be discovered randomly within minimum 2.8 deg2 and maximum 5.5 deg2. These findings update our past statistics, being based on double sky coverage and taking into account the recent increase in discovery.

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Introducción: el consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales está aumentando en los últimos años tanto en España como en el resto del mundo. Los cuestionarios que estiman la ingesta y uso de suplementos presentan limitaciones metodológicas. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las variables utilizadas en los cuestionarios de estimación de consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales para población deportista, descritas en el apartado de metodología de los artículos científicos. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de variables utilizadas para estimar el uso y consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales. Búsqueda estructurada en la base de datos PubMed y mediante la estrategia bola de nieve. Ecuación de búsqueda: “Questionnaire” AND “Supplementation” AND “Athletes”. Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en cualquier país en idioma inglés o en español, que contengan cuestionario en el anexo o las variables que se describen en el apartado de metodología que puedan inferirse a partir de los artículos, que estimen la ingesta y uso de suplementos ergonutricionales y vayan dirigidos a deportistas que entrenan a nivel competitivo (amateurs, élite, etc.). Se realizó un análisis de contenido y un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: de los 122 estudios identificados, 21 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las variables descritas fueron factores sociodemográficos y relacionados con el deporte que se practica, así como la frecuencia de entrenamiento, población deportista a la que iba dirigida, razones/motivos de uso y consumo, fuentes de información, lista de suplementos y frecuencia de uso y consumo. Discusión: existe gran heterogeneidad en cuanto a las variables propuestas por los autores en los cuestionarios de estimación de ingesta y uso de suplementos ergonutricionales. Es necesaria la estandarización de metodologías en el diseño de cuestionarios, así como definir una clasificación de referencia como la propuesta por el Instituto Australiano del Deporte.

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Description based on: 1971.

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Includes original t.p.: "...as originally presented by amateurs in Charleston, S. C., January 9th, 11th, 14th and 16, 1899."

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Recueil d'experiences faites a Venise sur la medecine electrique, par quelques amateurs de physique ... / publié par M.J. Fortunat Bianchini ... et traduit de l'italien pour servir de correctif à la lettre sur l'electricité médicale, con portadilla y pag. propia.

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Collotype frontispieces.