Configuración del estilo de enseñanza a partir de las prácticas pedagógicas

Tesis (Licenciado en Lenguas Castellana, Inglés y Francés).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación. Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, 2015

Sistemas sociais comunitários e uso de recursos naturais : bases para políticas públicas e desenvolvimento territorial no estado do Pará

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2016.

Tosikommunismi ja kaaderien muistot Nestori ja Elli Parkkarin sotien jälkeisissä omaelämäkerrallisissa kirjoituksissa

Tutkielmassani tarkastelen SKP:n kaaderien Nestori ja Elli Parkkarin toisen maailmansodan jälkeen kirjoittamia omaelämäkertoja ja analysoin sitä, miten he omaelämäkerroissaan välittävät kommunistiyhteisön muistia. Tutkimuksessani etsin vastauksia seuraaviin kysymyksiin: Mitä muistoja Parkkarien omaelämäkerrat säilyttävät ja välittävät? Miksi Parkkarit kirjoittivat omaelämäkertoja toisen maailmansodan jälkeen ja mikä oli niiden merkitys kommunistiyhteisölle? Tutkielman alkuperäislähteinä käytän Parkkarien omaelämäkertoja, heidän vuonna 1947 kirjoittamia lyhyitä pienoiselämäkertoja sekä Kansan Arkiston Parkkareita koskevaa arkisto-aineistoa. Lähteiden analysoinnissa sovellan Jan Assmannin kulttuurisen muistin teoriaa, jota hän esittelee kirjassaan Cultural Memory and Early Civilization: Writing, Remembrance, and Political Imagination (2011). Assmann luo kulttuurisen muistin teoriansa ranskalaisen sosiologin Maurice Halbwachsin kollektiivisen muistin teorian pohjalta, jossa korostetaan muistin sosiaalista luonnetta. Assmann jatkaa Halbwachsin kollektiivisen muistin teoriaa jakamalla kollektiivisen muistamisen kolmeen muotoon: kommunikatiivisen ja kulttuurisen muistin käsitteisiin, joiden välissä on biografisen muistamisen muoto. Näiden käsitteiden avulla Assmann osoittaa, kuinka kollektiivista muistia rakennetaan yhteisöissä. Analysoin aluksi Parkkarien puolueelle vuonna 1947 kirjoittamia pienoiselämäkertoja ja käyn läpi sitä, millä tavalla ne olivat tärkeitä sekä Parkkareille itselleen että puolueelle. Tämän jälkeen siirryn Parkkarien omaelämäkertoihin. Tarkastelen omaelämäkertoja erittelemällä kolme eri teemaa, jotka ovat kommunistien maanalainen puoluetyö, ruumiilliset kokemukset vankilassa ja keskitysleirillä sekä opiskelu ja aate. Viimeisessä luvussa käsittelen Parkkarien asemaa puolueessa toisen maailmansodan jälkeen. Samalla pohdin uskollisuuden merkitystä, sukupuolen roolia ja pohdin vallan ja pienois- sekä omaelämäkertojen suhdetta. Assmannin teoriaa soveltaen luen Parkkarien omaelämäkerrat osaksi kommunikatiivista muistia, eli osana kommunistiyhteisön suullista ja elämäkerrallista muistamista. Näiden omaelämäkertojen avulla kommunistiyhteisö pyrki siirtymään sodan jälkeen kommunikatiivisesta muistamisesta institutionaaliseen kulttuuriseen muistamiseen. Parkkarit toimivat siten SKP:n kollektiivisen muistin välittäjinä ja Parkkarien omaelämäkerrat olivat näin osa kommunistiyhteisön historiankirjoitusta. Omaelämäkerroissa kuvataan sitä, miten esimerkillinen tosikommunisti toimii. Samalla niissä puetaan sanoiksi kommunistista aatetta.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema Inteligente para a análise de cartas dinamométricas no método de elevação por bombeio mecânico

The artificial lifting of oil is needed when the pressure of the reservoir is not high enough so that the fluid contained in it can reach the surface spontaneously. Thus the increase in energy supplies artificial or additional fluid integral to the well to come to the surface. The rod pump is the artificial lift method most used in the world and the dynamometer card (surface and down-hole) is the best tool for the analysis of a well equipped with such method. A computational method using Artificial Neural Networks MLP was and developed using pre-established patterns, based on its geometry, the downhole card are used for training the network and then the network provides the knowledge for classification of new cards, allows the fails diagnose in the system and operation conditions of the lifting system. These routines could be integrated to a supervisory system that collects the cards to be analyzed

Detecção de interface em tanques de petróleo usando transmissores de nível e controladores Fuzzy

This work presents a proposal to detect interface in atmospheric oil tanks by installing a differential pressure level transmitter to infer the oil-water interface. The main goal of this project is to maximize the quantity of free water that is delivered to the drainage line by controlling the interface. A Fuzzy Controller has been implemented by using the interface transmitter as the Process Variable. Two ladder routine was generated to perform the control. One routine was developed to calculate the error and error variation. The other was generate to develop the fuzzy controller itself. By using rules, the fuzzy controller uses these variables to set the output. The output is the position variation of the drainage valve. Although the ladder routine was implemented into an Allen Bradley PLC, Control Logix family it can be implemented into any brand of PLCs

Modelagem e simulação de um sistema de bombeio mecânico em poços direcionais utilizando parâmetros concentrados

This work aims presenting the development of a model and computer simulation of a sucker rod pumping system. This system take into account the well geometry, the flow through the tubing, the dynamic behavior of the rod string and the use of a induction motor model. The rod string were modeled using concentrated parameters, allowing the use of ordinary differential equations systems to simulate it s behavior

Sistema supervisório para poços de petróleo baseados no método de elevação artificial Plunger Lift

The several existing methods for oil artificial lifting and the variety of automation equipment for these methods many times lead the supervisory systems to be dedicated to a unique method and/or to a unique manufacturer. To avoid this problem, it has been developed the supervisory system named SISAL, conceived to supervise wells with different lifting methods and different automation equipments. The SISAL system is working in several Brazilian states but, nowadays, it is only supervising rod pump-based wells. The objective of this work is the development of a supervision module to the plunger lift artificial lift method. The module will have the same characteristics of working with automation hardware of many manufacturers. The module will be integrated to the SISAL system, incorporating the capacity to supervise the plunger lift artificial lift method.

Ambiente para avaliação de controladores fuzzy aplicados ao método de elevação artificial por bombeio centrífugo submerso

From their early days, Electrical Submergible Pumping (ESP) units have excelled in lifting much greater liquid rates than most of the other types of artificial lift and developed by good performance in wells with high BSW, in onshore and offshore environments. For all artificial lift system, the lifetime and frequency of interventions are of paramount importance, given the high costs of rigs and equipment, plus the losses coming from a halt in production. In search of a better life of the system comes the need to work with the same efficiency and security within the limits of their equipment, this implies the need for periodic adjustments, monitoring and control. How is increasing the prospect of minimizing direct human actions, these adjustments should be made increasingly via automation. The automated system not only provides a longer life, but also greater control over the production of the well. The controller is the brain of most automation systems, it is inserted the logic and strategies in the work process in order to get you to work efficiently. So great is the importance of controlling for any automation system is expected that, with better understanding of ESP system and the development of research, many controllers will be proposed for this method of artificial lift. Once a controller is proposed, it must be tested and validated before they take it as efficient and functional. The use of a producing well or a test well could favor the completion of testing, but with the serious risk that flaws in the design of the controller were to cause damage to oil well equipment, many of them expensive. Given this reality, the main objective of the present work is to present an environment for evaluation of fuzzy controllers for wells equipped with ESP system, using a computer simulator representing a virtual oil well, a software design fuzzy controllers and a PLC. The use of the proposed environment will enable a reduction in time required for testing and adjustments to the controller and evaluated a rapid diagnosis of their efficiency and effectiveness. The control algorithms are implemented in both high-level language, through the controller design software, such as specific language for programming PLCs, Ladder Diagram language.

Simulação do escoamento monofásico em um estágio de uma bomba centrífuga utilizando técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional

Oil production and exploration techniques have evolved in the last decades in order to increase fluid flows and optimize how the required equipment are used. The base functioning of Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) lift method is the use of an electric downhole motor to move a centrifugal pump and transport the fluids to the surface. The Electric Submersible Pumping is an option that has been gaining ground among the methods of Artificial Lift due to the ability to handle a large flow of liquid in onshore and offshore environments. The performance of a well equipped with ESP systems is intrinsically related to the centrifugal pump operation. It is the pump that has the function to turn the motor power into Head. In this present work, a computer model to analyze the three-dimensional flow in a centrifugal pump used in Electric Submersible Pumping has been developed. Through the commercial program, ANSYS® CFX®, initially using water as fluid flow, the geometry and simulation parameters have been defined in order to obtain an approximation of what occurs inside the channels of the impeller and diffuser pump in terms of flow. Three different geometry conditions were initially tested to determine which is most suitable to solving the problem. After choosing the most appropriate geometry, three mesh conditions were analyzed and the obtained values were compared to the experimental characteristic curve of Head provided by the manufacturer. The results have approached the experimental curve, the simulation time and the model convergence were satisfactory if it is considered that the studied problem involves numerical analysis. After the tests with water, oil was used in the simulations. The results were compared to a methodology used in the petroleum industry to correct viscosity. In general, for models with water and oil, the results with single-phase fluids were coherent with the experimental curves and, through three-dimensional computer models, they are a preliminary evaluation for the analysis of the two-phase flow inside the channels of centrifugal pump used in ESP systems

Controle aplicado a poços com método de elevação e bombeio centrífugo submerso

The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system

Acumulación originaria: explotación laboral y generación de ganancia en la minería de México

La tesis de investigación titulada: “Acumulación originaria: Explotación laboral y generación de ganancia en la minería en México” tiene como objetivo demostrar la existencia de la acumulación originaria como forma iterativa y necesaria para la generación del plusvalor en el sistema productivo capitalista, para ello se analizó el sector minero mexicano durante el periodo de 1980 a 2013. El concepto de acumulación originaria es de origen marxista y ha sido ampliamente debatido desde su presentación en el siglo XIX, hasta el presente. Sin embargo, el actual debate gira en torno a la relación entre la finalidad práctica de la acumulación ordinaria y las formas productivas que actualmente se encuentran en ejecución de forma intensiva, tales como el extractivismo de los recursos naturales –minerales-1. Es en esta perspectiva que se realiza un análisis teórico, histórico, legal y económico del escenario mexicano con la finalidad de encontrar una vinculación entre el nivel de explotación, la elevada cantidad de concesiones mineras y el incremento sustancial en la tasa de ganancia que esta actividad genera. De forma que se coincide con Marx en cuanto a su planteamiento y análisis teórico. Por otro lado, se utilizaron variables estadísticas (tales como el valor agregado, las remuneraciones a asalariados, el excedente bruto de operación, los costos intermedios, el consumo de capital fijo, entre otras) que pudieran ser útiles para cumplir con el objetivo de la tesis. En esta lógica la tasa de explotación laboral y la tasa de ganancia se vinculan a una cuestión de fondo más amplia que el análisis del proceso de acumulación originaria, pues la relación de estas tres cuestiones subyace el conjunto de la producción y explotación de un sector económico en el que confluyen cientos de miles de proletariados...

La aplicación del principio de transparencia en los procesos de selección en la contratación estatal colombiana a través del Secop

El Principio de Transparencia aplicado a los procesos de selección en la contratación estatal colombiana a través del SECOP es un rito confesional, es decir, debe estar presente tanto y desde la licitación pública como y hasta en la contratación directa, pues ese ‘derecho de acceso de los ciudadanos a la información pública y la transparencia de la actuación política y administrativa que a través de él se asegura son considerados hoy con toda razón (…) elementos esenciales para la formación de una opinión pública libre y garantías imprescindibles para el buen funcionamiento de las instituciones y para el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales sobre los que descansa todo sistema democrático’

Procedimiento sancionatorio de alimentos en el ámbito territorial

El Estado colombiano tiene una capacidad de sanción que ha sido diseñada para ser ejercida por el presidente de la república. En algunas ocasiones gracias a la figura de la delegación se les entregan estas facultades de sanción a los gobernadores, los alcaldes de los distritos y los alcaldes de los municipios, quienes actúan como representantes legales de estas entidades territoriales que hasta la fecha son las únicas que existen en Colombia. El presente trabajo evaluará esa capacidad de sanción en un tema especifico como es el procedimiento sancionatorio de alimentos, procedimiento que es similar en su estructura legal en todas las entidades territoriales, pero que en su aplicación presenta características diferentes, estas diferencias permiten demostrar la hipótesis planteada que los procedimientos sancionatorios en alimentos en las entidades territoriales son débiles, no obstante contar con toda la facultad sancionadora delegada para ejercer esta actividad.

Positive regional species-people correlations: A sampling artefact or a key issue for sustainable development?

Many studies are documenting positive large-scale species– people correlations (Luck, 2007; Schuldt & Assmann, 2010). The issue is scale dependent: the local association of species richness and people is in many cases a negative one (Pautasso, 2007; Pecher et al., 2010). This biogeographical pattern is thus important for conservation. If species-rich regions are also densely populated, preserving biodiversity becomes more difficult, ceteris paribus, than if species-rich regions were sparsely populated. At the same time, positive, regional species–people correlations are an opportunity for the biodiversity education of the majority of the human population and underline the importance of conservation in human-modified landscapes (e.g. Sheil & Meijaard, 2010; Ward, 2010).