Advocacy coalitions:influencing the policy process in the EU

The aim of this contribution is to critically evaluate one of the theoretical approaches used to study the European Union (EU) political system and interest groups activity: the advocacy coalition framework (ACF). ACF considers that the outcome of legislative procedures is influenced by the alignment and role played by advocacy coalitions. This contribution assesses the impact of ACF on our understanding of the influences on the EU policy processes, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. The main argument is that the ACF, although very useful in studying the EU political system, shows shortcomings when applied to the study of EU interest groups' performance. The contribution ends with a consideration of future directions for theoretical and empirical ACF research, alone and as part of wider integrated theoretical approaches to understanding the dynamics of influence in the EU. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

O processo de formulação do Programa Universidade para Todos: atores, coalizões e interesses

This thesis aims to analyze how the performance of the coalitions affected the formulation process of the Programa Universidade para Todos ─ Prouni. This is a program in which students from public high school, or who have been integral stock in private colleges and universities receive scholarships in private institutions, which receive tax incentives in federal taxes. As analytical framework, was used the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) framework developed by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith (1993) that conceives the process of formulation of policies as a result of competition between groups of actors called coalitions, which are involved or interested in an issue of public policy. The actors coalesce into coalitions from beliefs, values, technical postures and positions on operational matters of public policy and act coordinately to defend their interests, interfering in the formulation of policies. With regard to methodological aspects, it is a qualitative study that used a narrative structure to present the development of Brazilian higher education and Prouni, analyzing official documents, shorthand notes of public congressional hearings and interviews with servers who worked in Ministry of Education (Brazil) time of program formulation, legislative counsel of the brazilian congress, plus the former deputy rapporteur of the Bill 3.582 / 2004, which led to Prouni. Two coalitions were identified: statist, which stood contrary to the program, and privatized, which defended its formulation. The clashes, which occurred mainly in Congress, highlight the strategies to operationalize beliefs. The two coalitions heavily used technical information and mobilization, through militancy (mobilizate troops). However, privatizing coalition acted more strongly in this case and was able to turn their beliefs into more effective action strategies. The final configuration of the Prouni was beneficial for private institutions, and showed a change in public policies related to higher education, since government support through tax breaks, before granted only to non-profit IES, became extensive also the IES with lucrative purpose.

Spatio-temporal intensity dynamics of passively mode-locked fiber laser

We present recent results on measurements of intensity spatio-temporal dynamics in passively mode-locked fibre laser. We experimentally uncover distinct, dynamic and stable spatio-temporal generation regimes of various stochasticity and periodicity properties in though-to-be unstable laser. We present a method to distinguish various types of generated coherent structures, including rogue and shock waves, within the radiation by means of introducing of intensity ACF evolution map. We also discuss how the spectral dynamics could be measured in fiber lasers generating irregular train of pulses of quasi-CW generation via combination of heterodyning and intensity spatio-temporal measurement concept.

Nanowires for 3d silicon interconnection – low temperature compliant nanowire-polymer film for z-axis interconnect

Semiconductor chip packaging has evolved from single chip packaging to 3D heterogeneous system integration using multichip stacking in a single module. One of the key challenges in 3D integration is the high density interconnects that need to be formed between the chips with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and inter-chip interconnects. Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF) technology is one of the low-temperature, fine-pitch interconnect method, which has been considered as a potential replacement for solder interconnects in line with continuous scaling of the interconnects in the IC industry. However, the conventional ACF materials are facing challenges to accommodate the reduced pad and pitch size due to the micro-size particles and the particle agglomeration issue. A new interconnect material - Nanowire Anisotropic Conductive Film (NW-ACF), composed of high density copper nanowires of ~ 200 nm diameter and 10-30 µm length that are vertically distributed in a polymeric template, is developed in this work to tackle the constrains of the conventional ACFs and serves as an inter-chip interconnect solution for potential three-dimensional (3D) applications.

Pronósticos de referencias múltiples

La empresa Coservicios S.A. maneja dentro de su almacén miles de referencias las cuales deben ser controladas para mantener los niveles de inventarios óptimos, por lo que requieren hacer pronósticos de la demanda de las referencias que manejan para hacer una mejor planeación, pero al tratarse de miles de referencias es muy complicado estudiar el modelo de pronósticos que mejor describe el comportamiento de cada una de las referencias por los altos tiempos que estos cálculos demoran en realizarse, en este caso la empresa requiere calcular los pronósticos de 576 referencias correspondientes a un grupo piloto -- El proyecto de grado que se presenta aplica una metodología en donde se pueden calcular los pronósticos de cientos de referencias a partir de identificar algunas referencias denominadas pivotes, en donde al conocer los pronósticos de las referencias pivotes aplicándole a estas la MUP (Metodología Universal de pronósticos) se pueden calcular los demás pronósticos sin necesidad de aplicar rigurosamente la metodología de pronósticos a cada referencia -- El primer paso es realizar un análisis previo a todas las referencias a las que se les requiere calcular los pronósticos en donde se miden algunas características estadísticas, matemáticas y propias del negocio como el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, rotación del inventario, correlaciones, variabilidad, pruebas de función de autocorrelación(ACF) y coeficiente de Determinación muestral r2 -- Las referencias pivotes son identificadas y se les aplica la metodología universal de pronósticos (MUP) para seleccionar el modelo de pronósticos que mejor describa cada una de la referencias pivotes así obteniendo los pronósticos correspondientes, luego se calcula la función de correlación multipoliomial lineal donde se encuentra cual es la relación de las referencias pivotes con cada una de las otras referencias dependientes de estas pivotes -- La función de correlación multipolinomial que relaciona cada una de las referencias pivotes con las otras referencias es utilizada para calcular los pronósticos de todas las referencias restantes -- El último paso del proyecto es realizar diferentes comparaciones de la exactitud de las proyecciones entre el modelo utilizado en la empresa Coservicios S.A. para realizar sus pronósticos con la metodología de referencias múltiples empleada en este proyecto de grado

Geoquímica dos filões máficos de Lagoa (Maciço de Morais, Trás-os-Montes, NE Portugal)

No Maciço de Morais, os gnaisses de Lagoa são intruídos por filões máficos, de idade precâmbrica-câmbrica, que cortam um "fabric" metamórfico precoce naqueles gnaisses. Os filões máficos de Lagoa têm características geoquímicas de toleítos continentais e testemunham processos ACF. A actividade magmática em que esses filões se inserem reflecte ascenção astenosférica subsequente ao sobre-espessamento crustal precâmbrico, correspondendo a uma manifestação precoce do regime tectónico/magmático que irá caracterizar, durante o Paleozóico inferior, o ciclo varisco ibérico.

Social engagement and adaptive functioning during early childhood: Identifying and distinguishing among subgroups differing with regard to social engagement

This study tested the hypothesis that social engagement (SE) with peers is a fundamental aspect of social competence during early childhood. Relations between SE and a set of previously validated social competence indicators, as well as additional variables derived from observation and sociometric interviews were assessed using both variable-centered and person-centered approaches (N = 1453, 696 girls) in 4 samples (3 U.S.A., 1 Portuguese). Directly observed SE was positively associated with broad-band measures of socially competent behavior, peer acceptance, being a target of peers' attention, and also with broad-band personality dimensions. Using individual Q-items significantly associated with SE in 3 of our 4 samples, a hierarchical cluster analysis yielded a 5-cluster solution that grouped cases efficiently. Tests on relations between cluster membership and the set of social competence and other variables revealed significant main effects of cluster membership in the full sample and within each individual sample, separately. With the exception of tests for peer negative preference, children in the lowest SE cluster also had significantly lower overall social competence, personality functioning scores than did children in higher SE clusters.

Improvement of carbon materials performance by nitrogen functional groups in electrochemical capacitors in organic electrolyte at severe conditions

N-doped activated carbon fibers have been synthesized by using chemically polymerized aniline as source of nitrogen. Commercial activated carbon fibers (A20) were chemically modified with a thin film of polyaniline (PANI) inside the microporosity of the carbon fibers. The modified activated carbon fibers were carbonized at 600 and 800 °C, respectively. In this way, activated carbon fibers modified with surface nitrogen species were prepared in order to analyze their influence in the performance of electrochemical capacitors in organic electrolyte. Symmetric capacitors were made of activated carbon fibers and N-doped activated carbon fibers and tested in a two-electrode cell configuration, using triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate (TEMA-BF4/PC) as electrolyte. The effect of nitrogen species in the degradation or stabilization of the capacitor has been analyzed through floating durability tests using a high voltage charging (3.2 V). The results show higher stabilizing effect in carbonized samples (N-ACF) than in non-carbonized samples and pristine activated carbon fibers, which is attributed to the presence of aromatic nitrogen group, especially positively charged N-functional groups.