909 resultados para Abdomen agudo


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The classical DIEP-flap is considered state-of-the-art in microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction. Some patients may require additional volume to match the contralateral breast. This quality control study prospectively evaluates the feasibility and outcome of a surgical technique, which pursues the volumetric augmentation of the DIEP-flap by harvesting of additional subscarpal fat tissue cranial to the classical flap border.

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Postoperative fascial dehiscence and open abdomen are severe postoperative complications and are associated with surgical site infections, fistula, and hernia formation at long-term follow-up. This study was designed to investigate whether intraperitoneal implantation of a composite prosthetic mesh is feasible and safe.

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The case of a 20 month-old girl that was admitted to the emergency ward because of worsening of her general condition in the setting of acute non-bloody gastroenteritis is reported. The clinical examination revealed signs of severe dehydration and a prominent tender abdomen. Laboratory evaluation showed leucocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and severe hypochromic microcytic anemia. Abdominal X-ray revealed diffuse meteorism. The child underwent laparascopic evaluation. A perforated Meckel's diverticulum was found. Perforation and anemia due to occult bleeding are unusual presentations of Meckel's diverticulum. The differential diagnosis of children presenting with an acute abdomen with special focus on Meckel's diverticulum is discussed.

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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare pseudosarcomatous tumors found in virtually all anatomic sites. Our case report describes an elderly female patient with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the proximal jejunum, accidentally discovered at laparotomy for an acute abdomen. The localization in the jejunum is a very rare finding, and perforation has not been described before.

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The aim of this study was to develop a standardized procedure for examination of the canine abdomen using endoscopic ultrasound and to describe the organs and structures that could be identified transgastrically. The abdomen of four healthy dogs and two cadavers were examined with endoscopic ultrasound. Five anatomic landmarks were used for standardized imaging of the cranial abdomen. These were the portal vein, splenic head and body, duodenum, left kidney, and aorta. High-resolution images of the following organs and structures could be made: distal esophagus, gastric wall from the cardia to the pylorus, liver, caudal vena cava, hepatic lymph nodes, liver hilus, and associated vessels, trifurcation of the celiac artery as well as the path of its branches and the left pancreatic limb and body. Structures that were more difficult to image were the distal duodenum and right pancreatic limb, the entire jejunum, ileum, and cecum as well as the tail of the spleen. Endoscopic ultrasound allowed excellent visualization of the gastric wall and regional structures without interference with gas artefacts. Centrally located organs such as the pancreas could be well examined transgastrically with endoscopic ultrasound without interference by overlying intestinal segments as is common with transabdominal ultrasound.

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Although surgical techniques and the quality of mammary prostheses have been improved significantly in recent years, capsular contracture attendant on prosthetic mammary reconstruction remains a major flaw. Although rarely, some patients are confronted with recurrent and intractable capsular contractures with resultant breast deformity, even after multiple attempts at capsulectomies and implant exchange. Patients with recurrent capsular contracture often do not want replacement with a new prosthesis, but desire the maintenance of their breast volume with a safe alternative. In an attempt to maintain breast volume and to improve the aesthetic appearance, secondary breast reconstruction using bilateral deepithelialized free flaps from the lower abdomen was performed in a series of seven patients. Three bilateral muscle-sparing TRAM flaps, two bilateral DIEP flaps, one bilateral SIEA flap, one unilateral SIEA flap, and one unilateral DIEP flap (a total number of 14 flaps) were used following implant removal, total capsulectomy, and prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomy. The early postoperative course was uneventful, and all flaps survived completely with no complications. There were no donor-site problems, except in one patient (case 5), who had partial skin necrosis of the abdominal flap. The long-term results (mean follow-up: 4.8 years) demonstrated an aesthetically satisfactory appearance of the breasts, with no major donor-site problems. Several advantages, as well as drawbacks, are highlighted with this technique.

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The purpose of this study was to determine, for penetrating injuries (gunshot, stab) of the chest/abdomen, the impact on fatality of treatment in trauma centers and shock trauma units compared with general hospitals. Medical records of all cases of penetrating injury limited to chest/abdomen and admitted to and discharged from 7 study facilities in Baltimore city 1979-1980 (n = 581) were studied: 4 general hospitals (n = 241), 2 area-wide trauma centers (n = 298), and a shock trauma unit (n = 42). Emergency center and transferred cases were not studied. Anatomical injury severity, measured by modified Injury Severity Score (mISS), was a significant prognostic factor for death, as were cardiovascular shock (SBP $\le$ 70), injury type (gunshot vs stab), and ambulance/helicopter (vs other) transport. All deaths occurred in cases with two or more prognostic factors. Unadjusted relative risks of death compared with general hospitals were 4.3 (95% confidence interval = 2.2, 8.4) for shock trauma and 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) for trauma centers. Controlling for prognostic factors by logistic regression resulted in these relative risks: shock trauma 4.0 (0.7, 22.2), and trauma centers 0.8 (0.2, 3.2). Factors significantly associated with increased risk had the following relative risks by multiple logistic regression: SBP $\le$ 70 (RR = 40.7 (11.0, 148.7)), highest mISS (42 (7.7, 227)), gunshot (8.4 (2.1, 32.6)), and ambulance/helicopter transport (17.2 (1.3, 228.1)). Controlling for age, race, and gender did not alter results significantly. Actual deaths compared with deaths predicted from a multivariable model of general-hospital cases showed 3.7 more than predicted deaths in shock trauma (SMR = 1.6 (0.8, 2.9)) and 0.7 more than predicted deaths in area-wide trauma centers (SMR = 1.05 (0.6, 1.7)). Selection bias due to exclusion of transfers and emergency center cases, and residual confounding due to insufficient injury information, may account for persistence of adjusted high case fatality in shock trauma. Studying all cases prospectively, including emergency center and transferred cases, is needed. ^

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En la fisiopatología del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) sin evidencia de lesión ateromatosa oclusiva, podría participar un estado de hipertrombogenicidad sanguínea, generado por factores trombogénicos sistémicos, como los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los que intervienen en el balance coagulación-anticoagulación, fibrinolisis y formación de fibrina. Objetivo: Estudiar y comparar los factores trombogénicos sistémicos en pacientes con SCA y cinecoronariografía (CCG) normal y patológica.

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Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son consideradas la principal causa de muerte de hombres y mujeres en todo el mundo, así como también en nuestro país. Existe en la bibliografía un número identificado de factores de riesgo que incluye el sedentarismo, el consumo de tabaco, una inadecuada dieta alimenticia, el distrés personal y laboral, la tendencia a la ira-hostilidad, la ansiedad y la depresión, los cambios sociales vinculados a los niveles socioeconómicos, y las catástrofes naturales y artificiales. Si bien estos factores de riesgo explican una condición favorable a su aparición, dando cuenta de una enfermedad arterial crónica, la presentación clínica del evento cardiovascular es habitualmente abrupta. Más de la mitad de los pacientes con infarto no son precedidos por patología previa o siquiera síntomas. La literatura científica ha estudiado la activación de los síndromes coronarios agudos, prestando un especial interés a la idea de que los comportamientos y las emociones pueden desencadenar ('gatillar") eventos cardíacos en personas susceptibles. La situación psicológica desencadenante puede ser un acontecimiento aparentemente banal si se la considera y valora de manera objetiva. Sin embargo, su importancia radica en su repercusión psicológica y en la significación que adquiere para el propio paciente en el contexto de sus vivencias actuales y pasadas. La investigación cualitativa aportada por los casos explorados a través de la corriente narrativa en medicina y psicología, y por los casos investigados mediante métodos psicoanalíticos constituyen las fuentes posibles de información acerca de los conflictos recientes vividos por los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Objetivos y metodología: En el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red 'El Cruce', de Florencio Varela, hemos comenzado a desarrollar un proyecto de investigación clínica con el propósito de evaluar en una serie de pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico confirmado de infarto agudo de miocardio o angina inestable, la prevalencia de situaciones emocionales negativas intensas estereotípicas en las horas o días previos al evento coronario. Para tal objetivo son realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas a cargo de un profesional psicólogo, a pacientes menores de 65 años de edad, en las cuales se toma en especial consideración el relato de la historia de vida reciente del paciente junto a posibles situaciones conflictivas previas que puedan acompañar el cuadro coronario agudo, la trama familiar y las personas significativas, el contexto e historia laboral, y la vida sexual del paciente. El estado de conciencia inadecuado para el interrogatorio y la existencia de eventos coronarios previos constituyen los criterios de exclusión para esta investigación. A su vez, se evaluará la correlación entre los hallazgos obtenidos en las entrevistas y una serie de test y cuestionarios reconocidos en la exploración de los factores emocionales en este tipo de pacientes: el Inventario de Hostilidad de Buss-Durkee y el score de situación de ira, la Escala de Depresión y Ansiedad Hospitalaria (HADS), el cuestionario Beck de depresión y el Cuestionario de Eventos Vitales. La reiteración en un porcentaje relevante de los casos de la identificación de la situación conflictiva estereotípica permitiría un avance significativo en esta línea de investigación fisiopatológica y psicológica, la ampliación del conocimiento relativo al síndrome coronario agudo, y facilitaría, a su vez, la elaboración de estrategias psicoterapéuticas orientadas al tratamiento y a la modificación pronóstica de la enfermedad