The effects of long (C20/22) and short (C18) chain omega-3 fatty acids on keel bone fractures, bone biomechanics, behavior, and egg production in free-range laying hens.

Keel fractures in the laying hen are the most critical animal welfare issue facing the egg production industry, particularly with the increased use of extensive systems in response to the 2012 EU directive banning conventional battery cages. The current study is aimed at assessing the effects of 2 omega-3 (n3) enhanced diets on bone health, production endpoints, and behavior in free-range laying hens. Data was collected from 2 experiments over 2 laying cycles, each of which compared a (n3) supplemented diet with a control diet. Experiment 1 employed a diet supplemented with a 60:40 fish oil-linseed mixture (n3:n6 to 1.35) compared with a control diet (n3:n6 to 0.11), whereas the n3 diet in Experiment 2 was supplemented with a 40:60 fish oil-linseed (n3:n6 to 0.77) compared to the control diet (n3:n6 to 0.11). The n3 enhanced diet of Experiment 1 had a higher n3:n6 ratio, and a greater proportion of n3 in the long chain (C20/22) form (0.41 LC:SC) than that of Experiment 2 (0.12 LC:SC). Although dietary treatment was successful in reducing the frequency of fractures by approximately 27% in Experiment 2, data from Experiment 1 indicated the diet actually induced a greater likelihood of fracture (odds ratio: 1.2) and had substantial production detriment. Reduced keel breakage during Experiment 2 could be related to changes in bone health as n3-supplemented birds demonstrated greater load at failure of the keel, and tibiae and humeri that were more flexible. These results support previous findings that n3-supplemented diets can reduce fracture likely by increasing bone strength, and that this can be achieved without detriment to production. However, our findings suggest diets with excessive quantities of n3, or very high levels of C20/22, may experience health and production detriments. Further research is needed to optimize the quantity and type of n3 in terms of bone health and production variables and investigate the potential associated mechanisms.

Estudio acústico y electroacústico de la sala 18 de Kinépolis (Madrid)

El objetivo de este proyecto se materializa en el diseño acústico y electroacústico de las salas de cine con número 18, 19, 20 y 21 del centro de cines Kinépolis situado en la Ciudad de la Imagen. Dichas salas son idénticas por lo que con el estudio y análisis de una se podrán extrapolar los resultados a las demás, por tanto a partir de ahora se realizará el diseño acústico y electroacústico centrado en la sala 18. Así pues se procederá a certificar que dicha sala cumple la norma THX. En dicho recinto se habrán aplicando con anterioridad diferentes técnicas de acondicionamiento sonoro (insonorización mediante el uso de materiales tanto absorbentes como reflectantes, arquitectura de la sala ), así como todos los acondicionamientos propios de un espacio de uso público cumpliendo las consiguientes normativas de seguridad. Se analizará la sala en su estado de partida mediante medidas acústicas in-situ tanto del tiempo de reverberación como del ruido de fondo, así como medidas espaciales con un medidor de alta precisión (láser); para posteriormente realizar las simulaciones en el programa EASE 4.01 de manera que la simulación sea lo más fidedigna posible. Estas medidas se realizarán de acuerdo a lo especificado en la norma UNE-EN ISO 3382. Cuando el comportamiento acústico del modelado de la sala sea el mismo que el de la sala real (respondan con el mismo Tiempo de Reverberación), mediante la introducción de los materiales adecuados y del ruido de fondo; se procederá al diseño electroacústico del equipo necesario para implementar el sistema de sonido multicanal Dolby (R). En el estudio electroacústico se distribuirán los diferentes altavoces que correctamente insertados ajustados sus niveles y retardos cubrirán con su señal uniformemente la sala cumpliendo los requisitos de la norma Dolby (R). Y finalmente una vez propuesto el sistema electroacústico y comprobado su correcto funcionamiento y por tanto el cumplimiento de la norma THX se propondrán mejoras en el sistema. Hay que señalar que aunque las recomendaciones THX son conocidas como norma THX no es una norma como tal, sino un conjunto de recomendaciones, que aconsejan utilizar una norma u otra para cada requisito. De ahora en adelante se referirá en este documento como norma THX. Se recuerda una vez más que dado que las salas son idénticas, y que las medidas realizadas en cada una de ellas son similares, se procederá en adelante al estudio de la sala única sala, la sala 18, siendo todos los estudios, análisis, comentarios y conclusiones aplicables a las otras 3 salas. Abstract The aim of this Project is the acoustic and electroacoustic design of the projection rooms 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st of the theater kinépolis, which is located at “Ciudad de la imagen”. These rooms are equal so with the studing and analazing of one of them , the results can be extrapolted from this one to the others, therefore as from now the and electroacoustic design will focus on the 18th room. As result the room will be certified that it comply with the standard THX. The starting point of the room will be analized such on-spot acoustical measures as the reverberation time and the noise level, in the same way the spatial measurements will be make with a precise laser meter, in order to perform simulations with the data obtained with the EASE 4.01 program. These mesurements should be made in accordance with the standard UNE-EN ISO 3382. Once the acoustical behavior of the simulated room became the same as the real room (the same reverberation times), through the configuration of the suitable materials and the background noise, previously measured, the electroacoustic design of the equipment necessary to develop the multichannel sound system Dolby (R) will be completed. In the electroacoustic design the sound power level and the dealys of the speakers and its amplifiers will be configurated till amplifiers provide an uniform coverage over the entire room in compliance with the Dolby (R) standard. Finally, once an electroacoustic system will be proposed and checked it works correctly in compliance with the THX standard, posible improvements will be identified. Abstract. Acoustic and electroacoustic study of the 18th room of the movie theater Kinépolis (Madrid) It must however be pointed out that although the THX standard is known as a standard it is actually a set of recommended practices made by Lucasfilm Ltd, anyway, from now on we will call it THX standard.

Influence of the Main Cereal and Feed Form of the Diet on Performance and Digestive Tract Traits of Brown-Egg Laying Pullets.

The influence of the main cereal and feed form of the diet on performance and digestive tract traits was studied in 576 brown-egg laying pullets from 1 to 120 d of age. From 1 to 45 d of age, 4 diets arranged factorially with 2 cereals (corn vs. wheat) and 2 feed forms (mash vs. pellets) were used. Each treatment was replicated 6 times (24 pullets per replicate). From 46 to 120 d of age, all diets were offered in mash form and the only difference among diets was the cereal used. Cumulatively, pullets fed the corn diets had higher BW gain (P < 0.05) but similar feed conversion ratio as pullets fed the wheat diets. From 1 to 45 d of age, pullets fed pellets consumed more feed (P < 0.001) and had higher BW gain (P < 0.001) than those fed mash. Most of the beneficial effects of pelleting on productive performance were still evident at 120 d of age. At 45 d of age, gizzard weight (g/kg of BW) was higher (P < 0.01) in pullets fed corn than in pullets fed wheat diets. Feeding pellets reduced the relative weight of the digestive tract and the gizzard (P < 0.001) as well as the length (cm/kg of BW) of the small intestine (P < 0.01) at both ages. The pH of gizzard contents at 120 d of age was not affected by cereal but was lower in pullets that were fed mash from 1 to 45 d of age (P < 0.01). We conclude that wheat can be used in substitution of corn in pullet diets with only a slight reduction in BW gain and that feeding pellets from 1 to 45 d of age increased BW gain and pH of the gizzard and reduced the relative weight of the gizzard and the length of the gastrointestinal tract at 120 d of age.

Unidad didáctica sobre el sistema de medida NetdB aplicado a prácticas de acústica arquitectónica

El objetivo principal perseguido en este proyecto es el estudio del sistema NetdB mediante la medida de diferentes parámetros de acústica arquitectónica. El proyecto se estructura en cinco partes bien diferenciadas que se comentarán a continuación. La primera parte, fundamentos teóricos, se centrará en explicar los distintos parámetros medidos y su relación con la acústica, tanto de forma teórica como práctica. Todo ello se hará mediante la definición de los conceptos teóricos básicos y el desarrollo matemático estrictamente necesario. Además se ofrecerán una serie de definiciones que ayudarán al seguimiento del proyecto en su totalidad. En la segunda parte se muestran los equipos de medida utilizados en las distintas prácticas, sus características más importantes y algunas de las relaciones entre estos y las prácticas a realizar. El sistema NetdB, al ser el objeto principal de estudio de este proyecto, tiene un apartado propio donde se explican sus características, las conexiones del equipo y la forma de configurarlo con el software dBBati. En la parte destinada a las medidas se realizarán dos prácticas basadas en la medida de dos parámetros acústicos de acuerdo a normativa nacional o internacional: se medirá el tiempo de reverberación según la norma UNE-EN ISO 3382-2:2008 y el aislamiento acústico entre locales según la norma UNE-EN ISO 140-4:1999. El resultado de cada una de las prácticas es independiente y sobre estas se planteará un posible guión de prácticas sobre el que puedan trabajar futuros estudiantes de la Escuela. Tras ello se expone un ejemplo de guión para las prácticas realizadas. A partir de la recapitulación de todos los datos alcanzados en cada medida se obtendrán una serie de conclusiones sobre el comportamiento del sonido en las salas de estudio mediante los parámetros medidos en ellas. Se realizará también una reflexión sobre si el sistema utilizado en este proyecto es adecuado de cara a obtener unas medidas normalizadas y se sugerirán una serie de ampliaciones aplicables a este proyecto que pueden complementar el estudio sobre este sistema. Finalmente se dedicará un anexo al software OneNote, en relación a su utilización con fines académicos. ABSTRACT. The main objective pursued by this project is the study of the NetdB system by the measurement of different parameters of architectural acoustics. The project has a structure of five parts, which will be explained in the next paragraphs. In the first part, labeled as theory fundamentals, will be focused on explaining the different parameters measured and relationship with the acoustics, in theoretical and practical way. All of this will be done by the definition of basic theoretical concepts and the needed mathematical development. Also, there will be offered a series of definitions that will be helpful while following the course of this project. In the second part there will be shown the measure equipments used in the different practices, their main characteristics, and some of the connections between this equipment and the practices that will be made. The NetdB system, being the main goal of the study of this project, has an own section where the characteristics, connections with the equipment and configuration within the dBBati software, will be explained. In the part focused on the measurements, two practices will be made. These will be based on the measurement of two parameters that follow either national or international regulations. There will be measured the reverberation time following UNE-EN ISO 3382-2:2008 regulations, and the sound isolation following UNE-EN ISO 140-4:1999 regulations. The results of each of the practices is independent, and based on this practices there will be planned a schedule of practices that could be made by future students of the school. After that there is an example script for the practices. From the summing-up of all the data reached through every measurement, there will be obtained a series of conclusions about the behavior of the sound in study rooms through the parameters measured in these places. Also, there will be a thought about whether this system used is fit or not for obtaining standardized measurements. Also the will be suggested some extensions to this project, that could complement this study. Finally, there will be an attachment about OneNote and the use of it with academic purposes.

La Inmaculada Concepción en la historia, la literatura y el arte del pueblo valenciano

Bibliografía: p.403-409