近40年中国植物物候对气候变化的响应研究

根据中国科学院物候观测网络中26个观测站点的物候资料,分析了近40年我国木本植物物候变化及其对气候变化的响应关系,并建立了不同年代物候期与地理位置之间的关系模式,分析了当前气候增暖背景下物候期地理分布规律变化对气候变化的响应关系。结果表明:温度上升,我国的木本植物春季物候期提前。20世纪80年代以后,东北、华北及长江下游等地区的物候期提前,西南东部、长江中游等地区的物候期推迟,同时物候期随纬度变化的幅度减小。

过去40年中国气候与物候的变化研究

根据中国近40年的日气候观测资料与物候观测资料,分析了近40年中国气温、降水与自然物候的变化趋势及其区域差异.结果表明:(1)近40年来,从全国平均状况看,较为明显的升温阶段出现在1980年以后.其中升温率最大的时期为非生长期,最小的时期为生长期.从区域变化差异看:东部大部分地区、青藏高原的东南部和新疆的部分地区生长期温度在1980年以后都有不同幅度的上升,其中升幅最大的地区出现在华北;降温区则出现在秦岭以南的广大地区(包括西南地区东部、长江中游)以及新疆的部分地区.(2)生长期期间,全国平均降水在近40

Single-crystal-like organic heterojunction with 40 nm thick charge accumulation layers

Single-crystal-like organic heterojunction films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and copper-hexadecafluoro-phthalocyanine (F16CuPc) were fabricated by weak-epitaxy-growth method. The intrinsic properties of organic heterojunction were revealed through threshold voltage shift of field-effect transistors and measurement of single-crystal-like diodes. At both sides of the heterojunction interface 40 nm thick charge accumulation layers formed, which showed that the long carriers' diffusion length is due to the high crystallinity and low density of deep bulk traps of single-crystal-like films.

有机-无机自由基盐(DBTTF)_6PMo_(12)O_(40)·2H_2O的合成、性质和晶体结构

用电解法制备了有机－无机自由基盐（ＤＢＴＴＦ）６ＰＭｏ１２Ｏ４０·２Ｈ２Ｏ．用红外光谱、电子光谱和电子自旋共振谱进行了表征，测定了其磁化率、导电性和单晶的晶体结构．该晶体属三斜晶系，Ｐ１空间群．晶胞参数为ａ＝１．３７８７（７）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．４２０４（２）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．５７０２（２）ｎｍ，α＝１０４．５７０（８）°，β＝１０３．４１（２）°，γ＝９５．８０（２）°，Ｖ＝２．８５３（２）ｎｍ３，Ｚ＝１，Ｄｃ＝２．１４２Ｍｇ·ｍ－３，Ｒ＝０．０７２７．

杂多酸的固载化Ⅲ．溶剂对H_4SiW_（12）O_（40）·24H_2O在活性

研究了Ｈ＿４ＳｉＷ＿（１２）Ｏ＿（４０）·２４Ｈ＿２Ｏ（ＳｉＷ＿（１２））在水、乙醇、乙酸、乙酸丁酯中在活性炭上的吸附得出，活性炭微孔结构对ＳｉＷ＿（１２）在其表面的吸附起着分子筛作用。水溶剂化的ＳｉＷ＿（１２）分子可顺利进入活性炭１．７ｎｍ左右的微孔，而其它溶剂化的ＳｉＷ＿（１２）分子，则需较大的孔径。提出了ＳｉＷ＿（１２）在活性炭表面吸附的微孔中孔扩散模型。

STUDIES ON ORGANOLANTHANIDE COMPLEXES .40. SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY STRUCTURE OF BIS (2-METHOXYETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) YTTRIUM AND YTTERBIUM TETRAHYDROBORATES

New bis (2-methoxyethylcyclopentadienyl) yttrium and ytterbium tetrahydroborates (Ln = Y, 1; Yb, 2) have been synthesized in good yield by the reaction of bis (2-methoxyethylcyclopentadienyl) lanthanide chlorides (Ln = Y, Yb) with sodium borohydride in THF at room temperature. The title complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, MS, H-1 NMR and IR spectra. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes from THF-n-Hexane in space group Pna2(1) with unit cell parametert: a = 1.2390(3), b = 1.1339(2), c = 1.1919 (2) nm and V = 1.6745(6) nm3 with z = 4 for D(c) = 1.39 g.cm-3.The structure was solved by direct method and refined to final R = 0.061 (for 1730 observed reflections). The Space group of 2 is Pna2(1) with unit cell parameters: a = 1.2399(6), b = 1.1371(5), c = 1.1897(2) nm and V = 1.6773(1) nm3 with z = 4 for D(c) = 1.72 g.cm-3, R = 0.038 (for 2157 observed reflections). The X ray structures and IR reveal the bidentate yttrium and ytterbium tetrahydroborate complexes with the intramolecular coordination bonds between lanthanide metal and ligand oxygen atoms.

杂多化合物催化性能的研究 在相转移条件下Na_2HPW_(12)O_(40)在苯乙烯氧化反应中的催化作用

杂多化合物既有配合物和金属氧化物的结构特征,又有强酸性和氧化还原性。它是具有氧化还原和酸催化功能的双功能催化剂。另外,它还具有结构确定、再生速度快、活性高、不腐蚀设备和污染少等优点,被认为是继分子筛之后,最有研究价值和开发前景的催化剂之一。

固熔体60%NaAlSi_2O_6-40%CaMgSi_2O_6在高温高压下的相图的研究

在1.0～5.0GPa、700～1750℃条件范围内,对固熔体0.6NaAlSi_2O_6-0.4CaMgSi_2O_6进行了研究,探讨了该固熔体在高温高压下的存在行为,研究了由非晶态玻璃向翡翠转化过程中γT作用的相图,得到的透辉石翡翠的晶胞参数为α=0.9439nm,b=0.8573nm,c=0.5233nm,β=107.28°和V=0.41702nm~3。本实验中合成的宝石级翡翠为色泽温润,具有玻璃光泽,半透明的极富观赏性的透辉石翡翠。

杂多酸盐K_4H(SiMo_(11)VO_(40))·14H_2O的合成及晶体结构

杂多酸是种类多,应用广的重要的无机化合物。其中有一类是12-系列化合物Z,(XM_(12-n)M_n′O_(40))·mH_2O,中心离子X可以是过渡元素或非过渡元素;M常是Mo、W;M′为V_(5+)、Mn_(2+)、CO_(2+)等;n=0,1,2…;Z为H~+或一价阳离子;y=1,2,…。它们同其相应氧化型化合物比较具有引人注目的特性,但迄今尚未见到还原型化合物晶体结构文章,只是

杂多酸盐K_4H[SiMO_(11)VO_(40)]·18H_2O 1和K_4H_2[PMo_9V_3O_(40)]·18H_2O 2的晶体结构

杂多酸是种类多,应用广的重要的无机化合物。其中有一类是12-系列化合物Z,(XM_(12-n)M_n′O_(40))·mH_2O,中心离子X可以是过渡元素或非过渡元素;M常是Mo、W;M′为V_(5+)、Mn_(2+)、CO_(2+)等;n=0,1,2…;Z为H~+或一价阳离子;y=1,2,…。它们同其相应氧化型化合物比较具有引人注目的特性,但迄今尚未见到还原型化合物晶体结构文章,只是

K_4H_2[PMo_9V_3O_(40)]·10H_2O的合成及其晶体结构

采用低温技术,用 X 射线单晶衍射法测定了标题化合物的结构.晶体属 P4/mnc 空间群,a=12.515(3),c=17.636(7),Z=2.用788个独立可观测反射精修所有结构参数得 R=0.061.钼钒磷杂多酸阴离子中,PO_4四面体是无序的,P—O 键长1.54.M(Mo,V)是6配位,M—O 键长1.62—2.48.K 是7配位,K—O 键长2.84—3.10.

TWO SPECIFIC CAUSES OF CELL MORTALITY IN FREEZE-THAW CYCLE OF YOUNG THALLI OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1

Porphyra yezoensis Ueda is an important marine aquaculture crop with single-layered gametophytic thalli. In this work, the influences of thallus dehydration level, cold-preservation (freezing) time, and thawing temperature on the photosynthetic recovery of young P. yezoensis thalli were investigated employing an imaging pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer. The results showed that after 40 d of frozen storage when performing thallus thawing under 10 degrees C, the water content of the thalli showed obvious effects on the photosynthetic recovery of the frozen thalli. The thalli with absolute water content (AWC) of 10%-40% manifested obvious superiority compared to the thalli with other AWCs, while the thalli thawed at 20 degrees C showed very high survival rate (93.10%) and no obvious correlation between thallus AWCs and thallus viabilities. These results indicated that inappropriate thallus water content contributed to the cell damage during the freeze-thaw cycle and that proper thawing temperature is very crucial. Therefore, AWC between 10% and 40% is the suitable thallus water content range for frozen storage, and the thawing process should be as short as possible. However, it is also shown that for short-term cold storage the Porphyra thallus water content also showed no obvious effect on the photosynthetic recovery of the thalli, and the survival rate was extremely high (100%). These results indicated that freezing time is also a paramount contributor of the cell damage during the freeze-thaw cycle. Therefore, the frozen nets should be used as soon as time permits.

He, Ne and Ar isotopic composition of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean and implications for their genesis

The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of the upmost layer of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean have been determined. The results indicate that the He and Ar nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios can be classified into two types: low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type. The low He-3/He-4 type is characterized by high He-4 abundances of 191x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with variable He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range (42.8-421)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (5.40-141)x10(-9)cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), and (773-10976)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The high He-3/He-4 samples are characterized by low He-4 abundances of 11.7x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range of (7.57-17.4)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (110.4-25.5)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) and (5354-9050)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The low He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with RIRA ratios of 2.04-2.92) which are lower than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (447-543) which are higher than those of air (295.5). The high He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with R/R-A ratios of 10.4-12.0) slightly higher than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (293-299) very similar to those of air (295.5). The Ne isotopic ratios (Ne-20/Ne-22 and Ne-21/Ne-22 ratios of 10.3-10.9 and 0.02774-0.03039, respectively) and the Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios (0.1886-0.1963) have narrow ranges which are very similar to those of air (the Ne-20/Ne-22, Ne-21/Ne-22, Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios of 9.80, 0.029 and 0.187, respectively), and cannot be differentiated into different groups. The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios, together with their regional variability, suggest that the noble gases in the Fe-Mn crusts originate primarily from the lower mantle. The low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type samples have noble gas characteristics similar to those of HIMU (High U/Pb Mantle)- and EM (Enriched Mantle)-type mantle material, respectively. The low He-3/He-4 type samples with HIMU-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts whereas the high He-3/He-4 type samples with EM-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Line Island Chain. This difference in noble gas characteristics of these crust types implies that the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain, and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts originated from HIMU-type lower mantle material whereas the Line Island Chain originated from EM-type lower mantle material. This finding is consistent with variations in the Pb-isotope and trace element signatures in the seamount lavas. Differences in the mantle surce may therefore be responsible for variations in the noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios in the Fe-Mn crusts. Mantle degassing appears to be the principal factor controlling noble gas isotopic abundances in Fe-Mn crusts. Decay of radioactive isotopes has a negligible influence on the nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of noble gases in these crusts on the timescale of their formation.