黄土丘陵区坡面林-草边界土壤温度分布特征

文章以夏季、春季两个季节对黄土丘陵区林-草边界不同层次深度土壤温度的水平梯度分布特征作了比较分析,并应用DEI(5%)法对边界进行定量判定。结果表明:林地各层次土壤温度一般都低于草地;土壤温度的最高值一般出现在16:00左右;边界不同层次土壤温度水平分布在日变化不同时间上具有相似的形态特征;林-草边界土壤温度在夏季与春季具有不同形态的水平分布特征;林缘处土壤温度在夏季处于中等水平,而在春季处于最高水平;夏季林-草边界边缘效应的宽度为8～16m、边缘效应宽度的最大值一般出现在12:00～16:00,春季林-草边界边缘效应的宽度为6～12m、边缘效应宽度的最大值一般出现在10:00～12:00。

西部大开发中退耕还林(草)面临的挑战及其作用

根据中国西部森林的现状 ,采用生态学与地理学的方法 ,分析了因毁林开荒造成水土流失、洪涝灾害、沙尘风暴、干旱少雨、江河断流、物种减少等危害对国民经济发展所造成的影响 ,以及近几年所产生的一系列生态环境问题 .探讨了退耕还林 (草 )对我国的生态环境治理、西部持续发展、江河整治、国土整治综合措施运用、西部农民脱贫致富的作用 .

农田防护林体系结构优化配置研究

农田防护林体系结构优化配置研究范志平，姜凤歧，林鹤鸣，朱教君（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳１１００１５）为达到农田防护林防护效益和经济效益最大并永续利用，防护林体系必须具有在空间上布局的合理性及树种、群落和林分的多样性和稳定性特征。因此，构筑大面...

森林生态系统硅素循环研究进展

硅是植物生长发育的有益元素,其在生态系统内的迁移转化是维持生态系统结构与功能的决定性因素之一。近年来,陆地生态系统硅循环特别森林生态系统硅循环在全球生物地球化学循环中的重要性,受到越来越多的关注。该文总结了国内外森林生态系统硅循环研究的成果,在综述了硅在森林生态系统中的存在形态、分布、循环过程的基础上,总结了森林生态系统硅循环的特点、作用及其影响因素,并指出典型森林生态系统类型中硅循环规律的研究、森林生态系统与其它生态系统硅循环的比较研究、森林生态系统硅循环对全球气候变化的影响和响应研究和人类干扰对森林生态系统硅循环的影响的研究将是今后开展森林生态系统硅循环研究的重点。

植物防卫的碳-养分平衡假说

碳-养分平衡假说(carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis,CNBH)认为,植物组织中次生代谢物浓度受环境碳-资源有效性控制;植物体内次生代谢物按照化学计量的要求进行分配;资源分配给防卫物的必要条件是资源供应量满足植物生长需求后仍过剩。CNBH自提出以来,其适用范围不断受到限制,解释与预测研究结果的能力逐渐显现不足。期间,对CNBH进行过优化和修改,设置了多种限制条件,以期能使CNBH得到补救,继续成为指导植物-草食动物间相互作用和植物体内资源分配的相关理论。然而,随着研究的逐渐深入,CNBH被证实缺乏逻辑性和内在一致性;CNBH不能满足假说本身的发展要求,缺乏明确可行的量化指标体系,也没有明确地标识出理论预测范围与可测试范围之间的界限。研究表明,CNBH的基本假设本身是错误的;随着人们对植物-草食动物间相互作用的认知能力加强,更深刻地认识到资源在植物体内的分配模式,意识到CNBH假说的严重缺陷。在现有的植物防卫理论中,生长-分化平衡假说(growth-differentiation balance hypothesis)较为成熟,不但具有CNBH的优点,而且更具有植物生理学和进化基础,可以成为CNBH的替代假说。

资源区域流动的驱动因子分析与流动潜力测度:以晋煤输出为例

论文采用国家铁路省际间煤炭资源的交流数据、动力煤价格数据,以全国最大的煤炭输出省--山西为例,运用回归分析等统计方法,分析了资源区域流动的驱动因子。基于场论,提出了测度资源区域流动潜力的方法。主要结论有:①资源区域流动的主要驱动因子有距离、价格差;②在显著性水平α=0.05下,区域煤炭价格差与晋煤净输流量呈正向变化,但线性无关,源汇间距离与晋煤净输流量呈线性负相关;③2005年晋煤净输流量与源汇间距离符合F=e9.091-0.003D的Growth回归模型;④资源势差涵盖了影响煤炭流动的流量和距离等2个主

Facile synthesis of 9,10-diarylphenanthrenes and poly(9,10-diarylphenanthrene)s

One-pot reduction of 9,10-diaryl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-9,10-diols to 9,10-diarylphenanthrenes was achieved with Zn/H+ in acetic acid. Accordingly, various novel phenanthrenes and polyphenanthrenes with efficient blue emission were easily synthesized.

Influence of Zn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-5Y-4Gd-0.4Zr alloy

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Y-4Gd-xZn-0.4Zr alloys have been investigated. These results show that the Mg-5Y-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.4Zr alloy in the peak-aged condition exhibits the highest tensile strength, and the values of the ultimate tensile strength and yield tensile strength are 370 and 300 MPa, respectively. It is suggested that addition of 0.5% Zn has a great effect on age hardening response. The long periodic stacking structure has been found in these Zn-containing alloys, and the volume fraction of this phase increases with increasing Zn addition. This phase plays an important role in improvement of the mechanical properties, especially for the elongations. The beta' phase precipitates during the ageing process are responsible for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloys in the peak-aged condition.

Microarray-based kinase inhibition assay by gold nanoparticle probes

We report on the development of a new class of kinase microarray for the detection of kinase inhibition based on marking peptide phosphorylation/biotinylation events by attachment of gold nanoparticles followed by silver deposition for signal enhancement. The alpha-catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and its well-known substrate, kemptide, were used for the purpose of monitoring phosphorylation and inhibition. As expected, highly selective inhibition of PKA is demonstrated with the four inhibitors: H89, HA1077, mallotoxin, and KN62. Furthermore, an inhibition assay demonstrates the ability to detect kinase inhibition as well as derive IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) plots.

Polymer light-emitting diodes based on a bipolar transporting luminescent polymer

A soluble electroluminescent polymer containing hole-deficient triphenylamine and electron-deficient oxadiazole units in the main chains has been designed and studied. The design is based on the consideration that the triphenylamine group possesses good hole-transporting property and the oxadiazole unit is known to be of electron-transporting character. Because of the good bipolar transporting performance, the brightness and electroluminescent efficiency are significantly improved and the turn-on voltage is reduced compared with a similar polymer without the electron-deficient oxadiazole units in the main chains. For a device with configuration ITO/PEDOT/polymer/CsF/Al, a maximum brightness of 3600 cd m(-2) and a maximum luminescent efficiency of 0.65 cd A(-1) (quantum efficiency of 0.3%) were obtained in the polymer with oxadiazole units, about 15 times brighter and 15 times more efficient than the corresponding polymer without oxadiazole units.

DNA-templated assembly and electropolymerization of aniline on gold surface

Biomolecule template gives new opportunities for the fabrication of novel materials with special features. Here we report a route to the formation of DNA-polyaniline (PAn) complex, using immobilized DNA as a template. A gold electrode was first modified with monolayer of 2-aminoethanethiol by self-assembly. Thereafter, by simply immersing the gold electrode into DNA solution, DNA molecules can be attached onto the gold surface, followed by the DNA-templated assembly and electropolymerization of protonated aniline. The electrostatic interactions between DNA and aniline can keep the aniline monomers aligning along the DNA strands. Investigations by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), electrochemistry and reflection absorption UV/Vis-Near IR spectroscopy substantially convince that PAn can be electrochemically grown around DNA template on gold surface. This work may be provides fundamental aspects for building PAn nanowires with DNA as template on solid surface if DNA molecules can be individually separated and stretched.

Structure and luminescence properties of some new AgLnW(2)O(8) compounds

Three new compounds, AgLnW(2)O(8) (Ln(3+)=Eu, Gd or Tb), have been prepared by a solid-state reaction and crystallize with a scheelite-related monoclinic symmetry. Their IR spectra show absorption transitions in the region 1000-400 cm(-1) similar to KLnW(2)O(8). Broad excitation and emission bands of the tungstate group with a large Stokes shift (12573 cm(-1)) are observed in AgGdW2O8. Excitation and emission spectra of AgLnW(2)O(8) (Ln=Eu or Tb) show that energy transfer from tungstate to Eu and Tb occurs and that Eu3+ ions occupy a unique crystallographic site with C-2 site symmetry.

酚酞芳香酯环状二聚体核磁共振谱

报道了酚酞芳香酯环状二聚体核磁共振氢谱和碳谱。通过与模型化合物标准谱图的比较以及化学位移取代基效应的计算，归属了其碳谱和氢谱峰。

石墨炉原子吸收法中镉的灰化损失及原子化反应机理

用动力学方法得到灰化损失反应活化能和原子化反应活化能，并采用X-射线光电能谱技术鉴定灰化处理后的产物，推出，镉的灰化损失是由于镉的氧化物被碳还原，以气态单质镉的形式蒸发而导致的，而原子化过程则分为两个阶段，在原子化升温初期与扶化损失情况相同，即氧化镉被碳还原产生气态镉原子。但随着原子化温度的升高，氧化镉分解生成气态镉原子的反应很快成为原子化过程的主要反应。