Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Laser Welding Cast Ni-Based Superalloy K418 Turbo Disk And Alloy Steel 42Crmo Shaft

Microstructure characterization is important for controlling the quality of laser welding. In the present work, a detailed microstructure characterization by transmission electron microscopy was carried out on the laser welding cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft and an unambiguous identification of phases in the weldment was accomplished. It was found that there are gamma-FeCrNiC austenite solid solution dendrites as the matrix, (Nb, Ti) C type MC carbides, fine and dispersed Ni-3 Al gamma' phase as well as Laves particles in the interdendritic region of the seam zone. A brief discussion was given for their existence based on both kinetic and thermodynamic principles. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Plan de negocios en las comunidades de la Laguna Negra y San Isidro del municipio de Camoapa

El presente trabajo es una investigación de campo de tipo descriptivo, documental, no experimental y se realizó según las normativas de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. En primer lugar, se realizaron las visitas a las comunidades de San Isidro y La Laguna Negra con el propósito de observar y conocer la situación socioe conómica de las familias y a la vez conseguir el involucramiento y aprobación de la población para la utilización de las casas comunales de una forma viable y su mejoramiento. Se utilizó el método matricial para elegir una idea de negocio a ejecutar y desarrollarla en ambas casas comunales, siendo electa la elaboración de un plan de negocio que incluye la venta de abarrotes, medicinas y herramientas del campo. Los resultados están basados a la estructura de un Plan de Negocios, teniendo unas compras proyectadas para el primer mes de C$ 109,867.09 y unas ventas de C$ 128,461.98 en ambas casas obteniendo una ganancia de C$ 18,594.89; con una ganancia anual de C$ 223,138.68. Para la iniciación del negocio se pretende realizar un crédito de C$ 243,796.49 con una tasa de interés del 14%, con pagos anuales; se obtuvo un valor actual neto de 82,510.62 y una tasa de interés rentable de 19.34%. Como la idea principal era la mejora de las casas comunales se ejecutó la elaboración de un presupuesto de inversión el cual asume una cantidad de C$ 112,929.40 (Ciento doce mil novecientos veinte y nueve córdobas con 40/100); la cual se incluirá en la inversión inicial sustentada en el financiamiento.

交流电弧的外迴路对弧柱特性的影响

本文研究了交流电弧的弧柱与外迴路之间的耦合作用,以及电弧边界随时间的波动对电弧特性的影响,用数值方法给出了电弧的特性曲线。结果表明,当ωθ≤5时外迴路与弧柱间的耦合作用显著。弧电流在过零点后发生畸变,畸变大小与外迴路阻抗及ωθ值有关。电弧边界和热流势随时间波动较大,相对波动量可达50％以上。当ωθ≤1时,本文从理论上证实存在熄弧峰值电压,与实验结果一致。

The mechanism of energy storage by shearing the solar magnetic field

In this paper, a complete set of MHD equations have been solved by numerical calculations in an attempt to study the dynamical evolutionary processes of the initial equilibrium configuration and to discuss the energy storage mechanism of the solar atmosphere by shearing the magnetic field. The initial equilibrium configuration with an arch bipolar potential field obtained from the numerical solution is similar to the configuration in the vicinity of typical solar flare before its eruption. From the magnetic induction equation in the set of MHD equations and dealing with the non-linear coupling effects between the flow field and magnetic field, the quantitative relationship has been derived for their dynamical evolution. Results show that plasma shear motion at the bottom of the solar atmosphere causes the magnetic field to shear; meanwhile the magnetic field energy is stored in local regions. With the increase of time the local magnetic energy increases and it may reach an order of 4×10^25 J during a day. Thus the local storage of magnetic energy is large enough to trigger a big solar flare and can be considered as the energy source of solar flares. The energy storage mechanism by shearing the magnetic field can well explain the slow changes in solar active regions.

Análise do sistema partidário brasileiro : a evolução das bancadas parlamentares na década de 90

Examina o sistema partidário brasileiro, considerando a evolução das bancadas parlamentares do PFL, PMDB, PSDB e PT nas eleições de 1990, 1994, 1998 e 2002. Discute a hipótese de que, com a sequência das eleições na década de 1990, o quadro partidário brasileiro estaria começando a apresentar sinais de estabilização.

塑性动力学和动态塑性失稳回顾

首先说明这篇文章不是关于此论题的一般综述，只是一些个人见解，同时介绍了在中国做过的一些工作，最近的综述请参阅 Ｊｏｎｅｓ的文章［１］．

近岸非平整海底上耗散动力系统的广义波作用量守恒方程

为刻划近岸波-流-海底相互作用耗散动力系统的多种复杂作用机制,着眼于波浪对近岸大尺度变化环境流作用和考虑多变海底地形(可典型地刻划为由慢变水深和快变水深构成)的影响,由基于黏性流体Navier-Stokes方程的平均流方程,建立了近岸耗散动力系统的广义波作用量守恒方程,从中提出垂向速度波作用量和耗散波作用量这两种新概念,使得它们和经典的波作用量相互间达成了一种互补、协调而又主次分明的更为广泛的守恒形式。从而把波作用量这一经典概念从理想的平均流守恒系统引申到实际的平均流耗散系统(即广义守恒系统)中去,为解释沿岸过程和应用于近海、海岸工程提供了一个理论基础。

半浮区热毛细对流的不稳定性与转捩

近二十年来，微重力流体开展了半浮区液桥热毛细对流的不稳定性与转捩的研究。文中给出了热毛细振荡对流发生的临界参数，分析了液桥几何位形(尺度比,体积比)、物理参数及传 热参数对临界Marangoni的影响。报导了有关的地面模拟实验，微重力实验以及本问题的线 性稳定性分析、能量分析和数值模拟结果，并介绍了定常轴对称热毛细对流通过非定常振荡热毛细对流到湍流的转捩过程和三种热毛细振荡对流的产生机理。

神舟飞船生长GaMnSb材料过程及性能分析

利用神舟3号飞船(SZ-3)上的多样品空间晶体炉制备出GaMnSb材料.所设计的石英安瓿使用氧化铝棉毡和特殊设计制造的氮化硼坩锅进行减震,经受住了严峻的力学环境的考验,完成了材料的空间生长实验,达到了空间生长材料的初步要求.对空间生长的GaMnSb晶体进行了X射线能谱分析和X射线衍射分析,发现空间生长的GaMnSb是多晶结构.对未获得GaMnSb单晶的原因进行了分析,发现空间晶体炉温度的波动和提供能量的不足是导致生成GaMnSb多晶结构的主要原因.由于在晶体生长的初始阶段晶体炉提供的能量不足,使GaSb单晶部分未能熔化,从而导致GaMnSb材料的生长在没有籽晶的情况下进行.

Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1854

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

Protected species aerial survey data collection and analysis in waters underlying the R-5306A airspace: final report submitted to US Marine Corps, MCAS Cherry Point

To be in compliance with the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the United States Department of the Navy is required to assess the potential environmental impacts of conducting at-sea training operations on sea turtles and marine mammals. Limited recent and area-specific density data of sea turtles and dolphins exist for many of the Navy’s operations areas (OPAREAs), including the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point OPAREA, which encompasses portions of Core and Pamlico Sounds, North Carolina. Aerial surveys were conducted to document the seasonal distribution and estimated density of sea turtles and dolphins within Core Sound and portions of Pamlico Sound, and coastal waters extending one mile offshore. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data for each survey were extracted from 1.4 km/pixel resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer remote images. A total of 92 turtles and 1,625 dolphins were sighted during 41 aerial surveys, conducted from July 2004 to April 2006. In the spring (March – May; 7.9°C to 21.7°C mean SST), the majority of turtles sighted were along the coast, mainly from the northern Core Banks northward to Cape Hatteras. By the summer (June – Aug.; 25.2°C to 30.8°C mean SST), turtles were fairly evenly dispersed along the entire survey range of the coast and Pamlico Sound, with only a few sightings in Core Sound. In the autumn (Sept. – Nov.; 9.6°C to 29.6°C mean SST), the majority of turtles sighted were along the coast and in eastern Pamlico Sound; however, fewer turtles were observed along the coast than in the summer. No turtles were seen during the winter surveys (Dec. – Feb.; 7.6°C to 11.2°C mean SST). The estimated mean surface density of turtles was highest along the coast in the summer of 2005 (0.615 turtles/km², SE = 0.220). In Core and Pamlico Sounds the highest mean surface density occurred during the autumn of 2005 (0.016 turtles/km², SE = 0.009). The mean seasonal abundance estimates were always highest in the coastal region, except in the winter when turtles were not sighted in either region. For Pamlico Sound, surface densities were always greater in the eastern than western section. The range of mean temperatures at which turtles were sighted was 9.68°C to 30.82°C. The majority of turtles sighted were within water ≥ 11°C. Dolphins were observed within estuarine waters and along the coast year-round; however, there were some general seasonal movements. In particular, during the summer sightings decreased along the coast and dolphins were distributed throughout Core and Pamlico Sounds, while in the winter the majority of dolphins were located along the coast and in southeastern Pamlico Sound. Although relative numbers changed seasonally between these areas, the estimated mean surface density of dolphins was highest along the coast in the spring of 2006 (9.564 dolphins/km², SE = 5.571). In Core and Pamlico Sounds the highest mean surface density occurred during the autumn of 2004 (0.192 dolphins/km², SE = 0.066). The estimated mean surface density of dolphins was lowest along the coast in the summer of 2004 (0.461 dolphins/km², SE = 0.294). The estimated mean surface density of dolphins was lowest in Core and Pamlico Sounds in the summer of 2005 (0.024 dolphins/km², SE = 0.011). In Pamlico Sound, estimated surface densities were greater in the eastern section except in the autumn. Dolphins were sighted throughout the entire range of mean SST (7.60°C to 30.82°C), with a tendency towards fewer dolphins sighted as water temperatures increased. Based on the findings of this study, sea turtles are most likely to be encountered within the OPAREAs when SST is ≥ 11°C. Since sea turtle distributions are generally limited by water temperature, knowing the SST of a given area is a useful predictor of sea turtle presence. Since dolphins were observed within estuarine waters year-round and throughout the entire range of mean SST’s, they likely could be encountered in the OPAREAs any time of the year. Although our findings indicated the greatest number of dolphins to be present in the winter and the least in the summer, their movements also may be related to other factors such as the availability of prey. (PDF contains 28 pages)