Facile synthesis of PbWO4: Applications in photoluminescence and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under visible light

Stolzite polymorph of PbWO4 catalyst was prepared by the facile room temperature precipitation method. Structural parameters were refined by the Rietveld analysis using powder X-ray data. PbWO4 was crystallized in the scheelite-type tetragonal structure with space group I4(1)/a (No. 88). Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed leaf like morphology. Photoluminescence spectra exhibit broad blue emission (425 nm) under the excitation of 356 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue, Rhodamine B and Methyl orange dyes were measured under visible illumination. The 100% dye degradation was observed for MB and RhB dyes within 60 and 105 min. The rate constant was found to be in the decreasing order of MB > RhB > MO which followed the 1st order kinetic mechanism. Therefore, PbWO4 can be a potential candidate for blue component in white LEDs and also acts as a catalyst for the treatment of toxic and non-biodegradable organic pollutants in water. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Admissible fundamental operators(star)

Let F and G be two bounded operators on two Hilbert spaces. Let their numerical radii be no greater than one. This note investigates when there is a Gamma-contraction (S, P) such that F is the fundamental operator of (S, P) and G is the fundamental operator of (S*, P*). Theorem 1 puts a necessary condition on F and G for them to be the fundamental operators of (S, P) and (S*, P*) respectively. Theorem 2 shows that this necessary condition is also sufficient provided we restrict our attention to a certain special case. The general case is investigated in Theorem 3. Some of the results obtained for Gamma-contractions are then applied to tetrablock contractions to figure out when two pairs (F1, F2) and (G(1), G(2)) acting on two Hilbert spaces can be fundamental operators of a tetrablock contraction (A, B, P) and its adjoint (A*, B*, P*) respectively. This is the content of Theorem 3. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A novel DNA intercalator, 8-methoxy pyrimido4 `,5 `:4,5]thieno (2,3-b)quinoline-4(3H)-one induces apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibits the tumor progression and enhances lifespan in mice with tumor

Polycyclic aromatic molecules such as ellipticine intercalate into double-stranded DNA and interfere with physiological functions. In the present study, we evaluate the chemotherapeutic potential of MPTQ on animal models and its mode of action. In order to test the antitumor activity, monohydrochloride of MPTQ was orally administered in mice bearing tumor. Results showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to that of untreated controls. More importantly, mean lifespan of tumor bearing animals treated with MPTQ was significantly higher as compared to that of untreated tumor bearing mice suggesting that the treatment affected viability of cancerous cells, but not of normal cells. Consistent with this, we find that administration of MPTQ to normal mice did not cause any major side effects as observed upon hematological and serum profiling. We also found that MPTQ induces cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, by activating apoptosis both by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Thus, MPTQ could be used as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A micropolar cohesive damage model for delamination of composites

A micropolar cohesive damage model for delamination of composites is proposed. The main idea is to embed micropolarity, which brings an additional layer of kinematics through the micro-rotation degrees of freedom within a continuum model to account for the micro-structural effects during delamination. The resulting cohesive model, describing the modified traction separation law, includes micro-rotational jumps in addition to displacement jumps across the interface. The incorporation of micro-rotation requires the model to be supplemented with physically relevant material length scale parameters, whose effects during delamination of modes I and II are brought forth using numerical simulations appropriately supported by experimental evidences. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dry sliding wear of epoxy/cenosphere syntactic foams

Dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy matrix syntactic foams filled with 20, 40 and 60 wt% fly ash cenosphere is reported based on response surface methodology. Empirical models are constructed and validated based on analysis of variance. Results show that syntactic foams have higher wear resistance than the matrix resin. Among the parameters studied, the applied normal load (F) had a prominent effect on wear rate, specific wear rate (w(s)) and coefficient of friction (mu). With increasing F, the wear rate increased, whereas ws and mu decreased. With increase in filler content, the wear rate and w(s) decreased, while the mu increased. With increase in sliding velocity as well as sliding distance, the wear rate and ws show decreasing trends. Microscopy revealed broken cenospheres forming debris and extensive deformation marks on the wear surface. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single-step, size-controlled synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles stabilized by octadecylamine

A single step process for the synthesis of size-controlled silver nanoparticles has been developed using a bifunctional molecule, octadecylamine (ODA). Octadecylamine complexes to Ag+ ions electrostatically, reduce them, and subsequently stabilizes the nanoparticles thus formed. Hence, octadecylamine simultaneously functions as both a reducing and a stabilizing agent. The amine-capped nanoparticles can be obtained in the form of dry powder, which is readily redispersible in aqueous and organic solvents. The particle size, and the nucleation and growth kinetics of silver nanoparticles could be tuned by varying the molar ratio of ODA to AgNO3. The UV-vis spectra of nanoparticles prepared with different concentrations of ODA displayed the well-defined plasmon band with maximum absorption around 425 nm. The formation of silver metallic nanoparticles was confirmed by their XRD pattern. The binding of ODA molecule on the surface of silver has been studied by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The formation of well-dispersed spherical Ag nanoparticles has been confirmed by TEM analysis. The particle size and distribution are found to be dependent on the molar concentration of the amine molecule. Open aperture z-scans have been performed to measure the nonlinearity of Ag nanoparticles. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Anomalous reduction in domain wall displacement at the morphotropic phase boundary of the piezoelectric alloy system PbTiO3-BiScO3

A comparative study of field-induced domain switching and lattice strain was carried out by in situ electric-field-dependent high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction on a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and a near-MPB rhombohedral/pseudomonoclinic composition of a high-performance piezoelectric alloy (1-x) PbTiO3-(x)BiScO3. It is demonstrated that the MPB composition showing large d(33) similar to 425 pC/N exhibits significantly reduced propensity of field-induced domain switching as compared to the non-MPB rhombohedral composition (d(33) similar to 260 pC/N). These experimental observations contradict the basic premise of the martensitic-theory-based explanation which emphasizes on enhanced domain wall motion as the primary factor for the anomalous piezoelectric response in MPB piezoelectrics. Our results favor field-induced structural transformation to be the primary mechanism contributing to the large piezoresponse of the critical MPB composition of this system.

FEM Simulations and Optimization about Residual Stresses in Coating Structures with Functionally Graded Materials Layer

An elasto-plastic finite element method is developed to predict the residual stresses of thermal spraying coatings with functionally graded material layer. In numerical simulations, temperature sensitivity of various material constants is included and mix

Estudio preliminar del comportamiento productivo y reproductivo de un hato criollo reyna bajo condiciones de confinamiento en Masatepe, Nicaragua

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento productivo y reproductivo de un hato criollo lechero Reyna, bajo condiciones de explotación en confinamiento, en la finca San José ubicada en Masatepe, Masaya, Nicaragua. Se analizaron 148 registros productivos y reproductivos correspondientes al período 1982 a 1989. Las características estudiadas fueron producción de leche total por lactancia (PLTOT), producción de leche ajustada a 305 días (PL305), duración de la lactancia (DL), intervalo entre partos (IEP) y edad al primer parto (EPP), además se evaluó el comportamiento de la curva de lactancia y se estimaron los parámetros que la caracterizan (a) parámetro que regula la producción inicial, (b) parámetro que regula el ascenso al pico y (c) parámetro que regula la declinación post pico, a partir de pico (RP), análisis se éstos se calcularon las variables rendimiento al tiempo al pico (TP) y la persistencia (S). En los utilizaron los métodos 1) Mínimos cuadrados (Harvey, 1987), 2) Iterativo de estimación no lineal (Mardquardt, 1968), 3) Modelo y ecuaciones propuestas por Wood, (1967) a través de procedimientos computarizados (Harvey, 1987 y SAS, 1987). Mediante análisis de varianza se estudió el efecto de los factores ambientales año de parto, época, número de partos y las interacciones año de parto por época y época por número de partos sobre PLT, PL305, DL, e IEP. Las medias de mínimos cuadrados obtenidas en este estudio fueron 1,577.65 ± 92.06 Kg, 1,560.64 ± 89.65 Kg, 264.23 ± 9.5 días, 425.96 ± 11.4 días y 1,401.08 ± 120 días para PLTOT, PL305, DL, IEP y EPP respectivamente. Los valores de a, b, c, RP, TP, y S fueron 4.19006 ± 0.5381, 0.221751 ± 0.0402, 0.005152 ± 0.00051, 7,73 Kg, 43.3 días y 6.43 % respectivamente. En el ANDEVA se encontró un efecto altamente significativo (P<0.01) del año de parto sobre las características estudiadas, resultando NS las otras fuentes de variación. Los valores y efectos antes señalados hacen notar que el criollo lechero no responde muy satisfactoriamente a condiciones de confinamiento, aunque es observable su ventaja productiva, respecto al promedio del hato nacional. Al caracterizar la curva de lactancia estimada para el hato y por número de partos ésta presentó valores sobre estimados de producción, respecto a la producción real, sin embargo no presentó atipicidad en su forma.

Comportamiento agronómico con las prácticas de deshije y sin deshije en vitroplantas de plátano (Musa spp) cultivar cuerno, genotipo (AAB) y el estudio de correlaciones lineales entre caracteres para facilitar la selección temprana de plantas con buen rendimiento

En vista que el cultivo del plátano en Nicaragua presenta serios problemas que afectan el rendimiento, principalmente el uso de material de propagación de mala calidad genética y fitosanitaria y el mal manejo agronómico, se realizó el presente estudio con los objetivos de evaluar la dinámica del crecimiento vegetativo de vitroplantas de plátano (Musa spp.) cultivar Cuerno (AAB) en condiciones de campo; determinar el efecto de el deshije sobre el rendimiento e identificar caracteres precoses relacionados con el rendimiento para facilitar así la selección de plantas madres fuentes de semilla mediante correlaciones lineales. El estudio fue establecido en el Centro Experimental El Plantel ubicado en el km 42 carretera Masaya-Tipitapa municipio de Sambrano, se establecieron seis bloques, a tres se les aplicó a los siete meses la práctica de deshije que consistió en la elimación total de hijos presentes extrayéndolos completamente. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar (BCA) con arreglo unifactorial conformado por tres bloques por tratamiento. Cada bloque estaba conformado por 4 surcos de 12 m de longitud, conteniendo 28 plantas de plátano a distancias de 2 m entre plantas y 2 m entre surcos. Se evaluaron 10 plantas del área de la parcela útil. Se evaluaron las variables altura de planta (cm), diámetro del grosor del pseudotallo (cm), número de hojas, largo de la hoja y ancho de la hoja (cm); y las variables de rendimiento número de manos por racimo, número de dedos por racimo, longitud de los dedos de la primera mano (cm), longitud de los dedos de la penúltima mano (cm), diámetro del dedo central de la primera mano (cm), diámetro del dedo central de la penúltima mano (cm), peso del racimo (kg), longitud del ráquis (cm) y diámetro del ráquis (cm). Únicamente se encontró diferencia estadística en el número de dedos obteniendo valores máximos de 30.57 dedos por racimo, para una estimación del rendimiento por hectárea de 76,425 dedos en rangos aceptables. Los valores inferiores se presentaron en plantas con hijos con rendimiento de 25.10 dedos para un rendimiento por hectárea de 62,150 dedos.

Damage Evolution In Cement Mortar Due To Erosion Of Sulphate

Ultrasonic technique is used to detect the velocity change of stress wave propagated in the cement mortar immersed in the solution of sodium sulfate for 425 days. Also the density change of specimens at different erosion time is measured. By curve fitting, the effect of solutions' concentration and water/cement ratio on the damage evolution is analyzed. The SEM observation on the growth of delayed ettringite is also performed. It shows that the damage evolution of specimens attacked by sulphate solution is dominantly induced by the nucleation and growth of delayed ettringite, and the average size of microvoids in cement mortar affects the damage evolution significantly. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

含灰气体激波沿平壁传播时诱导的边界层流动

研究含灰气体激波沿平直壁面传播过程中在壁面附近形成的层流边界层流动.依照双边连续介质双向耦合模型处理含灰气体激波的波后流动及其诱导的边界层问题,控制方程采用有限差分方法数值求解,给出了激波下游两相流场特性并考虑了含灰气体激波的松弛结构对边界层流动的影响.

对流扩散方程的迎风变换及相应有限差分方法

本文提出所谓迎风变换,将对流扩散方程分解为对流迎风函数和扩散方程,并构造相应的有限差分格式。对流迎风函数以简明的指数解析形式反映对流扩散现象的迎风效应,原则上消除了源于不对称对流算子的困难,能够便利对流扩散方程的数值求解。有限差分格式具有二阶精度和无条件稳定性,算例表明其准确性、收敛速度及对边界层效应的适应能力均明显优于中心差分格式和迎风差分格式。