Fisiologia e conservação pós-colheita de flores cortadas de gérbera

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de metodologias eletroanalíticas para determinação de potássio e fósforo em biodiesel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação voltamétrica de ácido fólico em superfície de eletrodo sólido com filme intermetálico 'AG IND.2''HG IND.3.02': aplicação em sucos de frutas in natura e industrializados

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Análise de aminas aromáticas em amostras de interesse ambiental por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detectores de arranjo de diodo, eletroquímico e espectrometria de massas: Thiago Mescoloto Lizier. -

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Resposta diferencial de cultivares de algodão ao manganês em solução nutritiva

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Detection of several carbohydrates using boron-doped diamond electrodes modified with nickel hydroxide nanoparticles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modificação de eletrodos de carbono vítreo e nanotubos de Ti/TiO2 com aspirinato de cobre (II) para detecção eletroquímica e redução fotoeletrocatalítica de íons nitrito

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos de formulações e intervalos sem chuva na absorção, translocação e eficácia de Glyphosate e 2,4-D

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e validação de método bioanalítico aplicado em estudo de farmacocinética pré-clínica e ensaio preliminar de segurança de novo derivado de tiazolidinodiona com atividade antiinflamatória - LYSO-07

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Desenvolvimento e validação de método bioanalítico aplicado em estudo de farmacocinética pré-clínica e ensaio preliminar de segurança de novo derivado de tiazolidinodiona com atividade antiinflamatória - LYSO-07

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Paper-based diffusive gradients in thin films technique coupled to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of labile Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in river water

The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has shown enormous potential for labile metal monitoring in fresh water due to the preconcentration, time-integrated, matrix interference removal and speciation analytical features. In this work, the coupling of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) with paper-based DGT devices was evaluated for the direct determination of Mn, Co. Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in fresh water. The DGT samplers were assembled with cellulose (Whatman 3 MM chromatography paper) as the diffusion layer and a cellulose phosphate ion exchange membrane (Whatman P 81 paper) as the binding agent. The diffusion coefficients of the analytes on 3 MM chromatography paper were calculated by deploying the DGT samplers in synthetic solutions containing 500 mu g L-1 of Mn. Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb (4 L at pH 5.5 and ionic strength at 0.05 mol L-1). After retrieval, the DGT units were disassembled and the P81 papers were dried and analysed by EDXRF directly. The 3 MM chromatographic paper diffusion coefficients of the analytes ranged from 1.67 to 1.87 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1). The metal retention and phosphate group homogeneities on the P81 membrane was studied by a spot analysis with a diameter of 1 mm. The proposed approach (DGT-EDXRF coupling) was applied to determine the analytes at five sampling sites (48 h in situ deployment) on the Piracicaba river basin, and the results (labile fraction) were compared with 0.45 mu m dissolved fractions determined by synchrotron radiation-excited total reflection X-ray fluorescence (SR-TXRF). The limits of detection of DGT-EDXRF coupling for the analytes (from 7.5 to 26 mu g L-1) were similar to those obtained by the sensitive SR-TXRF technique (3.8 to 9.1 mu g L-1). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of anticonvulsants in human plasma using SPME in a heated interface coupled online to liquid chromatography (SPME-LC)

A simple and sensitive method using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid chromatography (LC) with heated online desorption (SPME-LC) was developed and validated to analyze anticonvulsants (AEDs) in human plasma samples. A heated lab-made interface chamber was used in the desorption procedure, which allowed the transference of the whole extracted sample. The SPME conditions were optimized by applying an experimental design. Important factors are discussed such as fiber coating types, pH, extraction time and desorption conditions. The drugs were analyzed by LC, using a C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 mm); and 50 mmol L-1, pH 5.50 ammonium acetate buffer : acetonitrile : methanol (55 : 22 : 23 v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min(-1). The suggested method presented precision (intra-assay and inter-assay), linearity and limit of quantification (LOQ) all adequate for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AEDs in plasma.

Intrazelluläre Lokalisation und synaptische Ausschüttung der Neurotrophine in hippokampalen Neuronen und die Bedeutung von BDNF bei hippokampaler synaptischer Plastizität

Die Mitglieder der Neurotrophin-Familie (NGF, BDNF, NT-3 und NT-4) sind sekretierte Neuropeptide, die eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Nervenzellen und bei der Modulation der synaptischen Transmission spielen. Wenngleich eine aktivitätsabhängige Sekretion von BDNF bereits gezeigt werden konnte, wurden die subzelluläre Expression und die Ausschüttung der anderen Neurotrophine bislang nur unzureichend charakterisiert. Um die Expression und die Ausschüttung aller Neurotrophine unter identischen Bedingungen untersuchen zu können, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit das Expressionsmuster und die synaptische Ausschüttung GFP-markierter Neurotrophine in dissoziierten hippokampalen Neuronen mit Hilfe der konfokalen Fluoreszenz-Videomikroskopie zeitaufgelöst untersucht. Zwei Phänotypen konnten unterschieden werden: der distale vesikuläre Expressionstyp mit Neurotrophin-beinhaltenden Vesikeln in distalen Neuriten, und der proximale Expressionstyp mit einer diffusen Neurotrophin-Verteilung in den Neuriten und Neurotrophin-beinhaltenden Vesikeln im Soma des Neurons und in den proximalen Dendriten. Der distale vesikuläre Phänotyp entsprach einer Verteilung des entsprechenden Neurotrophins in die sekretorischen Granula des aktivitätsabhängigen Sekretionsweges, während der proximale Phänotyp den Transport eines Neurotrophins in den konstitutiven Sekretionsweg widerspiegelte. Alle Neurotrophine erreichten in hippokampalen Neuronen prinzipiell beide Sekretionswege. Jedoch gelangten BDNF und NT-3 mit einer größeren Effizienz in den regulierten Sekretionsweg als NT-4 und NGF (BDNF: in 98% aller Zellen, NT-3: 85%, NT-4: 23% und NGF: 46%). Neurotrophine besitzen, wie es für sekretorische Peptide üblich ist, eine Vorläufersequenz, die während der Reifung des Proteins proteolytisch abgespalten wird. Die Fusion dieser Präpro-Sequenz von BDNF mit der Sequenz des maturen NT-4 bewirkte einen effizienteren Transport von NT-4 in die sekretorischen Granula des regulierten Sekretionsweges, und zeigte die große Bedeutung der Präpro-Sequenz für das zelluläre Verteilungsmuster von Neurotrophinen. In Neuronen, in denen die Neurotrophine in den regulierten Sekretionsweg transportiert wurden, konnte eine aktivitätsabhängige Sekretion der Neurotrophine an postsynaptische Strukturen glutamaterger Synapsen beobachtet werden. Die aktivitätsabhängige postsynaptische Ausschüttung der Neurotrophine zeigte eine Heterogenität in der Kinetik der Sekretion (exponentieller Abfall des Neurotrophin-Signals mit Zeitkonstanten von tau = 121 bis 307s). Die Präinkubtion mit dem Protonen-Ionophor Monensin, welcher die Neutralisation des intragranulären pH-Wertes und somit die Solubilisierung der dicht gepackten Proteinstrukturen in den Vesikeln erzwingt, erhöhte die Geschwindigkeit der Neurotrophin-Ausschüttung auf den Wert des unter physiologischen Bedingungen schnellsten Neurotrophins NT-4. Dennoch blieb die Geschwindigkeit der Neurotrophin-Ausschüttung im Vergleich zur Neurotransmitter-Ausschüttung langsam (tau = 13 ± 2 s). Diese Daten belegen eindeutig, dass die Neutralisation der sekretorischen Granula die Geschwindigkeit der Neurotrophin-Ausschüttung kritisch determiniert und die Geschwindigkeit der Neurotrophin-Ausschüttung im Vergleich zur konventionellen Neurotransmitter-Ausschüttung langsam erfolgt. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Neurotrophin BDNF effizient in distale vesikuläre Strukturen von CA1 Pyramidenzellen organotypischer Schnittkulturen des Hippokampus sortiert wird. Die basalen elektrischen Eigenschaften von CA1 Pyramidenzellen BDNF-defizienter Mäuse sind vergleichbar zu den Eigenschaften von Wildtyp Mäusen. Sowohl das Eigenpotential der CA1 Pyramidenzellen, die Form der Aktionspotentiale als auch die evozierten Antworten der CA1 Pyramdenzellen auf eine gepaarte präsynaptische Stimulation der Schaffer-Kollateralen zeigten bei BDNF-/- -, BDNF+/- - und BDNF+/+ -Mäusen keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Die Fähigkeit der CA1 Pyramidenzellen auf eine hochfrequente Reizung mit einer Langzeitpotenzierung (LTP) der postsynaptischen Ströme zu reagieren ist jedoch bei den BDNF-defizienten Mäusen beinträchtigt. Eine verminderte Induktion von LTP war in den BDNF-defizienten Mäusen nach tetanischer Stimulation der präsynaptischen Schaffer-Kollateralen und simultaner postsynaptischer Depolarisation der CA1 Pyramidenzelle zu beobachten.

Development and Validation of a Fast and Homogeneous Cell-Based Fluorescence Screening Assay for Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1/SLC11A2) Using the FLIPR Tetra.

Divalent metal ion transporter 1 (DMT1) is a proton-coupled Fe(2+) transporter that is essential for iron uptake in enterocytes and for transferrin-associated endosomal iron transport in many other cell types. DMT1 dysfunction is associated with several diseases such as iron overload disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The main objective of the present work is to develop and validate a fluorescence-based screening assay for DMT1 modulators. We found that Fe(2+) or Cd(2+) influx could be reliably monitored in calcium 5-loaded DMT1-expressing HEK293 cells using the FLIPR Tetra fluorescence microplate reader. DMT1-mediated metal transport shows saturation kinetics depending on the extracellular substrate concentration, with a K0.5 value of 1.4 µM and 3.5 µM for Fe(2+) and Cd(2+), respectively. In addition, Cd(2+) was used as a substrate for DMT1, and we find a Ki value of 2.1 µM for a compound (2-(3-carbamimidoylsulfanylmethyl-benzyl)-isothiourea) belonging to the benzylisothioureas family, which has been identified as a DMT1 inhibitor. The optimized screening method using this compound as a reference demonstrated a Z' factor of 0.51. In summary, we developed and validated a sensitive and reproducible cell-based fluorescence assay suitable for the identification of compounds that specifically modulate DMT1 transport activity.

Structural and functional studies of the human integrin $\alpha 4\beta 1$ (CD49d/CD29)

The integrin receptor $\alpha 4\beta 1$ is a cell surface heterodimer involved in a variety of highly regulated cellular interactions. The purpose of this dissertation was to identify and characterize unique structural and functional properties of the $\alpha 4\beta 1$ molecule that may be important for adhesion regulation and signal transduction. To study these properties and to establish a consensus sequence for the $\alpha 4$ subunit, cDNA encoding $\alpha 4$ was cloned and sequenced. A comparison with previously described human $\alpha 4$ sequences identified several substitutions in the $5\prime$ and $3\prime$ untranslated regions, and a nonsynonymous G to A transition in the coding region, resulting in a glutamine substitution for arginine. Further analysis of this single nucleotide substitution indicated that two variants of the $\alpha 4$ subunit exist, and when compared with three ancestrally-related species, the new form cloned in our laboratory was found to be evolutionarily conserved.^ The expression of $\alpha 4$ cDNA in transfected K562 erythroleukemia cells, and subsequent studies using flow cytofluorometric, immunochemical, and ligand binding/blocking analyses, confirmed $\alpha 4\beta 1$ as a receptor for fibronectin (FN) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and provided a practical means of identifying two novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding epitopes on the $\alpha 4\beta 1$ complex that may play important roles in the regulation of leukocyte adhesion.^ To investigate the association of $\alpha 4\beta 1$-mediated adhesion with signals involved in the spreading of lymphocytes on FN, a quantitative method of analysis was developed using video microscopy and digital imaging. The results showed that HPB-ALL $(\alpha 4\beta 1\sp{\rm hi},\ \alpha 5\beta 1\sp-)$ cells could adhere and actively spread on human plasma FN, but not on control substrate. Many cell types which express different levels of the $\alpha 4\beta 1$ and $\alpha 5\beta 1$ FN binding integrins were examined for their ability to function in these events. Using anti-$\alpha 4$ and anti-$\alpha 5$ mAbs, it was determined that cell adhesion to FN was influenced by both $\beta 1$ integrins, while cell spreading was found to be dependent on the $\alpha 4\beta 1$ complex. In addition, inhibitors of phospholipase A$\sb2$ (PLA$\sb2$), 5-lipoxygenases, and cyclooxygenases blocked HPB-ALL cell spreading, yet had no effect on cell adhesion to FN, and the impaired spreading induced by the PLA$\sb2$ inhibitor cibacron blue was restored by the addition of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA). These results suggest that the interaction of $\alpha 4\beta 1$ with FN, the activation of PLA$\sb2,$ and the subsequent release of AA, may be involved in lymphocyte spreading. ^