一次降水过程对青藏高原高寒草甸CO_2通量和热量输送的影响

青藏高原高寒草甸的热量输送和碳收支对气候变化的响应十分敏感，降水过程对其影响较为复杂。利用三维超声风速仪和红外CO_2／H_2O分析仪，以及常规微气象要素的涡度相关观测系统，分析了2002年8月8—17日的一次降水过程对青藏高原高寒草甸CO_2通量和热量输送的影响。结果表明：降水过程使气温、地温和辐射等有所降低，大气湿度和CO_2通量有所升高；气温、地温、总辐射、地表反射辐射、光合有效辐射（PAR）、净辐射、土壤热通量、潜热通量和显热通量分别下降了23．3％、23．1％、61．9％、58．9％、61．7％、57．9％、268．3％、61．6％和71．0％，大气湿度和CO_2通量分别升高了27．0％和38．6％；降水削弱了PAR对白天净生态系统CO_2交换量（NEE）的影响，而增加了地温对夜间呼吸的控制；降水强度对白天NEE几乎没有影响，但能降低夜间呼吸。

鹅观草属4个种核型与进化的研究

报道了鹅观草属( Roegneria C. Koch) 4 个种的核型,即中华鹅观草,核型为2n = 4x = 28 = 28m( 2SAT) ; 裸穗鹅观草, 核型为2n = 4x = 28 = 24m + 4sm(2SAT) ;缘毛鹅观草,核型为2n = 4x = 28 = 22m + 6sm(2SAT) ;缘穗鹅观草,核型为2n = 4x = 28 = 24m(2SAT) + 4sm。4 个种核型的共征和自征反映了形态划分中共属分种的合理性。尤其通过核型不对称性和相对进化程度的分析,表明中华鹅观草最原始,缘穗鹅观草最进化,裸穗鹅观草和缘毛鹅观草演化居中;狭颖草系高级于缘毛草系。核型不对称性所表示的进化程度似乎与系间颖芒的发生,种间花序的增长变粗、外稃芒的延伸相关。

PRINCIPAIS INDICADORES: AGRÍCOLAS, v. 3, n. 28, 2010.

2010

PRINCIPAIS INDICADORES: LEITE E DERIVADOS, v. 3, n. 28, 2010.

2010

PRINCIPAIS INDICADORES: MACROECONÔMICOS, v. 3, n. 28, 2010.

2010

Islam and missions : being papers read at the Second Missionary Conference on behalf of the Mohammedan World at Lucknow, January 23-28, 1911 / edited by E.M. Wherry, S.M. Zwemer, C.G. Mylrea.

http://www.archive.org/details/islamandmissions012033mbp

Ins-4 and daf-28 function redundantly to regulate C. elegans L1 arrest

© 2014 The Authors.Caenorhabditis elegans larvae reversibly arrest development in the first larval stage in response to starvation (L1 arrest or L1 diapause). Insulin-like signaling is a critical regulator of L1 arrest. However, the C. elegans genome encodes 40 insulin-like peptides, and it is unknown which peptides participate in nutritional control of L1 development. Work in other contexts has revealed that insulin-like genes can promote development ("agonists") or developmental arrest ("antagonists"), suggesting that such agonists promote L1 development in response to feeding. We measured mRNA expression dynamics with high temporal resolution for all 40 insulin-like genes during entry into and recovery from L1 arrest. Nutrient availability influences expression of the majority of insulin-like genes, with variable dynamics suggesting complex regulation. We identified thirteen candidate agonists and eight candidate antagonists based on expression in response to nutrient availability. We selected ten candidate agonists (. daf-28, ins-3, ins-4, ins-5, ins-6, ins-7, ins-9, ins-26, ins-33 and ins-35) for further characterization in L1 stage larvae. We used destabilized reporter genes to determine spatial expression patterns. Expression of candidate agonists is largely overlapping in L1 stage larvae, suggesting a role of the intestine, chemosensory neurons ASI and ASJ, and the interneuron PVT in control of L1 development. Transcriptional regulation of candidate agonists is most significant in the intestine, as if internal nutrient status is a more important influence on transcription than sensory perception. Phenotypic analysis of single and compound deletion mutants did not reveal effects on L1 developmental dynamics, though simultaneous disruption of ins-4 and daf-28 increases survival of L1 arrest. Furthermore, overexpression of ins-4, ins-6 or daf-28 alone decreases survival and promotes cell division during starvation. These results suggest extensive functional overlap among insulin-like genes in nutritional control of L1 development while highlighting the role of ins-4, daf-28 and to a lesser extent ins-6.