Schooling supply and the structure of production: Evidence from US States 1950-1990

We find that over the period 1950-1990, US states absorbed increases in the supplyof schooling due to tighter compulsory schooling and child labor laws mostly throughwithin-industry increases in the schooling intensity of production. Shifts in the industrycomposition towards more schooling-intensive industries played a less important role.To try and understand this finding theoretically, we consider a free trade model withtwo goods/industries, two skill types, and many regions that produce a fixed rangeof differentiated varieties of the same goods. We find that a calibrated version ofthe model can account for shifts in schooling supply being mostly absorbed throughwithin-industry increases in the schooling intensity of production even if the elasticityof substitution between varieties is substantially higher than estimates in the literature.

SNTL:n Korkeimman neuvoston puhemiehistön puheenjohtajan N.V. Podgornyin virallinen vierailu Suomeen 14.-18.10.1969 (Tasavallan Presidentin vastauspuhe Neuvostoliiton suurlähetystössä SNTL:n Korkeimman neuvoston puhemiehistön puheenjohtaja N.V. Podgornyin vierailun johdosta järjestetyillä päivällisillä 15.10.1969)

Puhe

"Kauppalehden" kustannusliikkeen hallintoneuvoston Herra Puheenjohtajalle 27/5 1969

Kirje 27.5.1969

Opetusministeri Johannes Virolainen 8/11 1969

Kirje 8.11.1969

Professori Niilo Saksela 20/4 1969

Kirje 20.4.1969

Professori Toivo A. Pihkanen 2/5 1969

Kirje 2.5.1969

Tasavallan Presidentti Urho Kekkosen vierailu Tshekkoslovakiaan 1.-4.10.1969 (Tasavallan Presidentin Tshekkoslovakiaan saapumispuhe 1.10.1969)

Puhe

Professori Paavo Kastari 31/3 1969

Kirje 31.3.1969

Sitobion graminis Takahashi, 1950 (Hemiptera, Aphididae): first record in Brazil, biological and morphometric parameters

The species Sitobion graminis Takahashi, 1950 (Hemiptera, Aphididae) was first detected in Brazil in 1998, in Curitiba, Paraná state, associated with the grass species Erianthus sp., Calamagrotis sp. and Paspalum urvilei. Both the field-collected and laboratory-reared specimens presented a noticeable intrapopulational variation in body and appendix length and in dorso-abdominal sclerotization. This species has been recorded in Malaysia, New Guinea, India, Philippines and Africa, where it colonizes several species of Poaceae. S. graminis differs from other Sitobion species from Brazil associated with grasses, as it presents black cauda and siphunculi and exhibits a constriction in the base of the last rostral segment. Biological data were obtained in the laboratory by rearing newborn nymphs on the inflorescence of the host plants. They passed through four nymphal instars. The mean duration of the nymphal stage was of 11.4 days, with a mortality ratio of 36.5%. The mean pre-larviposition period was of 1.8 days; mean longevity of the females was 25.2 days; and mean fecundity was 18.7 nymphs/female, ranging from 2 to 41 nymphs/female.

Kirjailija Pekka Parkkinen 4/3 1969

Kirje 4.3.1969